金屬鋰負(fù)極的能源化學(xué)

能源技術(shù)推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步社會(huì)進(jìn)步:RenewableenergySolarandwindenergyRenewableenergySolarandwindenergyetc.:widedistribution,lowEnergydevicesHumanenergydemandsTheroleofelectrolyt1.鋰金屬電池的挑戰(zhàn)：金屬鋰枝晶Theroleofelectrolyt1.固態(tài)電解質(zhì)界面膜SEI:Soliddeposition,Electrolytenature,IndependentphaseElectrolytedesignforstableSEImixedconductinginterphase+solid?electrolyteinterphaseACSEnergyLetters2018,3,1564離子溶劑復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)還原穩(wěn)定性↓,氧化穩(wěn)定性↑Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2018,57,734.EnergyStorageMater.2017,8,194–201.Batteries&Supercaps2019,2,128.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2018,57,14055.500X500XRateTheelectrolytegassingonLimetalanodesTheelectrolytegassingonLimetalanodesGrandchallengesofelectrolytedesignforLimetalanodeaThespecificadsorptionoftheIHPandthesolvationstructuredominatetheSEI!Small250mAhPouch250mAhPouchcell200μm200μmDendriteformationLiF-richcyclelifeStableplatingRegulatingthesolvationshell(includingsolvents,anions)rrcCompetitivefactorsNO3-ownsthecompetitivenessinformingnewsolvationshellACSEnergyLett.,2019,4,411NO3-promotesthecompletedecompositionofFSI-.CompletedecompositionofFSI-ispromotedtogenerateLiFandLiSOxinthepresenceofNO3-,thencontributingtouniformSEIandLidepositiontogetherwithLiNxOy.2.Sustained-releas溶劑分解與陰離子分解主導(dǎo)的SEI常規(guī)電解液局部高濃電解液(LSCE)弱溶劑化電解液(WSE)d)DFT計(jì)算得到的鋰離子和溶PLLelectrolytePEO-LiTFSILLZTOPDF80-04572Theta(Degree)PLLcompositeelectrolyte.After1secPLLcompositeelectrolyte.0.91670.78330.65000.91670.78330.65000.91670.7833000Propotionofimmobilizedanions(%)Propotionofimmobilizedanions(%)EC/DECelectrolyteSElXXNucleationoverpotential.a)TheVvstduandNGelectrodes.b)TheLinucleationoverpotentials(μn)onCu,G,andNGelectrodes.Limetalnucleatesontothelithiophilicsites?LithiophilicitychemistryregulatedbyLibonds.Sci.Adv.2019,5,eaau7728.Sci.Adv.2019,5,eaau7728.PorterDA,EasterlingKE,SherifM.PhaseTransformationsinMetalsandAlloys,(RevisedReprint)[M].CRCpress,2009.?LithiophilicitychemistryregulatedbyLibonds.Sci.Adv.2019,5,eaau7728.?LithiophilicitychemistryregulatedbyLibonds.ExperimentalverificationsoftheSci.Adv.2019,5,eaau7728.?LithiophilicsitedesignResearch2019,2019,4608940.表面修飾三維復(fù)合金屬鋰LimitedbyelectrontransferorLiiontransfer?LiionPhasefieldconcentrationorderparameterEnergyStorageMater.2019,23,556concentrationorderparameter+concentrationPhasefieldorderparameter→→→?鋰沉積會(huì)觸發(fā)本征應(yīng)變帶來(lái)的應(yīng)力響?局部變形會(huì)引起離子的重新分布?抑制電沉積反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，這不利于電池的速率性能?超過(guò)閾值后，促進(jìn)鋰的電沉積形貌趨于平滑與致密?阻礙電沉積反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行以及導(dǎo)致材料失效的副作用也決定了最佳壓力的選擇SEILiSEILimetalanode?High-energy-densityLimetalbatteries?SafeLimetalanode?Keyroleofstableelectrolyte&SEI?Ion-solventinter