江西省2024年高考英語精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測卷01（新高考九省卷）-英語（全解全析版）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2024年高考精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測卷01【新高考九省卷】英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．HowwillthewomancontactJohn?A．Byphone. B．Byemail. C．Inperson.【答案】B【原文】W:Hello,thisisMargaretShawspeaking.CanyouputmethroughtoJohnplease?M:I’msorrybuthehasjustlefttheoffice.Heshouldbeintomorrowifyouwanttocallback.Wouldyouliketoleaveamessageforhim?W:No,that’sokay.Iwillemailhiminstead.2．WhenwillthespeakersmeetonThursday?A．At3:30p.m. B．At4:00p.m. C．At4:10p.m.【答案】C【原文】W:ProfessorReed,Ihavesomequestionsaboutthefinalexam.AreyouavailableatthreethirtyonThursdayafternoon?M:Iwillbeatameetingthenanditwon’tfinishuntilfouro’clock.TheearliesttimeIcanmeetyouisfourten.Wouldthatworkforyou?W:Yes.Iwillseeyouthen.3．WhywillKathycallAnne?A．Toexpressthanks. B．Tolookforahelper. C．Togivesomeinformation.【答案】B【原文】M:Kathy,wehavethreelargegroupscominginfordinneratseveno'clockandMeganisinhospital.Doyouknowifanyisavailabletonighttocomeinandwaittables?W:I'mnotsure,butIcancallherandfindout.4．Wherewilltheconferenceprobablybeheld?A．InPittsburgh. B．InAtlanta. C．InKansasCity.【答案】A【原文】M:Haveyoudecidedwheretoholdtheconference?W:Notyet,butwehaveonlythreechoices.Pittsburghisthecheapest.KansasCityismorecentral.AndAtlantahasbetterweatheratthattimeofyear.M:Thatistrue.Butatthemomentweshouldfocusonkeepingcostsdown.5．WhatdoesMikeplantodotonight?A．Watchamovie.B．Attendameeting.C．Workonhispresentation.【答案】C【詳解】W:Mike,wouldyoulovetogooutforamoviewithustonight?M:I’dloveto,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtomorrow,soIhavetopreparemypresentationalldaytoday.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．Whywillthespeakershaveameeting?A．Toimprovetheproject. B．Tocheckaproject. C．Toconfirmthedesign.7．Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A．At8:00,Friday. B．At9:00,Friday. C．At9:00,Tuesday.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:I'mnotsureifthatprojectworks.YouknowKim,Ithinkweshouldhaveameetingaboutimprovingit.W:Sure.AreyouFreeonThursday?M:Letmejustcheckmydiary.Sorry.IambusyonThursday.IsFriday,okay?W:Yes.Howabout9o'clock?M:Yes,9o'clockisfine.Yourofficeormine?W:OhI'llcometoyouroffice,ifyoulike.M:SeeyouonFridayat9:00inmyoffice.W:Ok,seeyouthen.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Wheredoesthewomanlive?A．InApartment205. B．InApartment305. C．InApartment503.9．Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A．Herfridgedoesn’tworkagain.B．Herairconditionerisoutoforder.C．Shedoesn’tknowhowtocook.【答案】8．B9．B【原文】M:Hello.W:Hello.misterWarner.ThisisLucyLocke.M:AhmissLocke.inapartment205?W:No.inapartment305.M:Ohyes,whatcanIdoforyou?Doesyourfridgeneedfixingagain?W:No,it’stheairconditionerthistime.M:Ohsowhat’swrongwithit?W:WellIthinkthetemperaturecontrolneedstobechecked.Itdoesn’tcooldownatall.M:Really?okay,I’llgotolookatitrightaway.W:Thanksalot,Mr.Warner.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10．Whatwaswrongwiththewoman’scar?A．Itwasonfire. B．Itgaveoutaterriblenoise. C．Itsenginesmoked.11．Whereisthewoman?A．Inacarpark. B．Inagarage. C．Ontheroad.12．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A．Hireacar. B．Driveatruck. C．Ringherfriend.【答案】10．C11．B12．C【原文】M:Canyoutellmewhathappened?W:Yeah,Iwasjustdrivinghomeasusual,andmyenginestartedsmoking.M:Thatsoundsscary.Whathappenednext?W:Thenmycarstoppedrunning.Ijustmadeittothesideoftheroadbeforeitbrokedown.M:Okay?wellyou’dbetterfindarescuetrucktobringyourcarhere.I’lltakealookandseewhat’swrongwithit.W:Thatsoundsgood.M:Inthemeaningtimeyoucancallyourfriendtopickyouup.W:Thanksforyourhelp.I’msogladyouareontoday.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13．Whatdoesthewomanplantoworkasthissummer?A．Avolunteer. B．Anurse. C．Adoctor.14．WhohadmedicalexaminationsfromJuly15toJuly31lastyear?A．Theelderlyover55. B．Theadultsover30. C．Thechildrenunder5.15．Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthework?A．Everyonehastobealwayspolite.B．Everyonehastoarriveearly.C．Nonehasmuchtimetorest.16．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantowear?A．Comfortableshoes. B．Lightclothes. C．Loosetrousers.【答案】13．A14．A15．C16．A【原文】W:What’syourplanforthesummerholiday?M:Nothingmuch.Doyouhaveanyideas?W:Lastsummer,Ihadavaluableexperienceworkingasavolunteerinthecommunityhospital.ThisyearI’dliketocontinue.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:Soundsgood.Howlongdidyouworkthere?W:Well.fromJuly15toJuly31st,whentheelderlyover55weregivenFreemedicalexaminations.M:Whatdidyoudothere?W:EverydayIarrivedearlyandorganizedthepeoplewhocameover,thenIwouldhelpthemfillintheform,leadingthemtothedifferentdepartments.Wasalsooneofmyduties.M:IthinkIamcapableofthose.W:Soundseasy,butbythetimetheirexaminationswereover,Iwasalreadywornout.Everyone.Thereworkedinatightschedule.M:Tiring,thoughitwas.Wecouldbenefitalotfromtheexperience.W:Iagreewithyou.So.M:I'dliketogowithyou.WhatshouldIpayattentionto?W:Youshouldbepatient.Moreimportantly,youshouldwearapairofcomfortableshoesforyouhavetostandforalongtime.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17．WhatdoyouknowaboutBarrymore’sactinglife?A．Shegaveupperformanceshalfway.B．Shehasexperiencedrisesandfalls.C．Sheappearedonstageatanearlyage.18．WhatdidBarrymore’sactinginStevenSpielberg’sfilmbringher?A．Advertisement. B．Fame. C．Inspiration.19．WhatelsedidBarrymoredoontopofherfilmlife?A．Shevolunteeredindisaster-hitareas.B．Shesetupawebsitetoraisemoney.C．Sheactivelyengagedinpublicwelfare.20．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesallBarrymorehasdone?A．Unpopular. B．Praiseworthy. C．Controversial.【答案】17．C18．B19．C20．B【原文】W:Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI’dliketotalkaboutDrewBarrymore.BarrymorewasborninLosAngeles,California,in1975.Shebeganheractinglifeveryearly.Beforeherfirstbirthday,sheappearedinaTVadvertisementfordogfood.Attheageoftwo,sheactedinherfirstTVmovie.Atagefive,sheappearedinherfirstfilm,thesciencefictionAlteredStates.Barrymore’sbigbreakcamewhenshewasseven.DirectorStevenSpielbergdecidedtoletheractinhisfilmE.T.Hollywoodtooknotice,andBarrymorebecameastar.Asayoungadult,Barrymoreactedinseveraldramasandcomedies;however,shewantedtomakeherownfilms.In1995,shestartedherownproductioncompany,FlowerFilms.Fouryearslater,sheproducedherfirstfilm,NeverBeenKissed.Overtheyears,hercompanyhasmadealotoffamousmoviesandTVprograms,includingFeverPitchin2005andtheCharlie’sAngelsin2011.In2007,Barrymore’slifetookanewturn.ShebeganworkingfortheUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgram.Later,shedonated1milliondollarstotheprogram.Then,afteraterribleearthquakeinHaitiin2010,sheurgedpeopletogivemoneytotheprograminaYouTubevideo.Meanwhile,Barrymore’sworkonmoviescontinued.In2009,shebecameadirectorwiththefilmWhipIt.Inthesameyear,shewontheGoldenGlobeAwardasanactressforherroleinGreyGardens.DrewBarrymorewearsmanydifferenthatsandworksverylonghours.Whatdoesshedoinherfreetime?Shespendstimewiththepeopleshecaresabout.Shesays,“Idon’tknowwhatI’ddowithoutmyfriends.”第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMagazinesmakegreatreadingmaterialsforkids.Librariesoftenhavealargeselectionofperiodicals(期刊)foreveryagegroupandreadinglevel,andformanyareasofinterest.Andsomemagazinesmayevenhaveissuesgoingbackyearsandevendecades!Belowisalistofsomeofthem!MilitaryKidsLifeItisaboutfindingthebrightsideoflifeasamilitarykid!Insideeachquarterlyissue,yourchildwillencounterinspiringstories,articles,andphotographs!(8to16years)FacesWitharticles,folktales,andhands-onprojects,Facesmagazinetakesyoungreadersaroundtheworldforanhonestandobjectiveviewofhowchildreninotherregionslive.(9to14years)MakeMakemagazinepublishestestedprojects,skill-buildingtutorials,in-depthreviewsandinspirationalstories,accessiblebyallagesandskillranges.(9to18years)BrioBriomagazineforteengirlshasafreshnewlookthatincludesmorepagesfilledwithinspiringprofiles,culturalinsights,health&beautytips,faith-filledfeaturesandaddedfun!(13to18years)Pleasenote:Thoughallthemagazinesonthislistarewrittenforchildren,someissuesmaycontaincontentthatyoumayfeelinappropriateforyourchild.Asalways,pleasereviewallreadingmaterialsbeforegivingthemtoyourchildtoread.21．Whichmagazinecanhelpdevelopkids’internationalawareness?A．Faces. B．Make.C．Brio. D．MilitaryKidsLife.22．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Allthemagazinesareproperforchildren.B．Magazinesareusuallypublishedforchildren.C．Somemagazineshavebackissuesinlibraries.D．Onlymagazinesforkidsareaccessibleinlibraries.23．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toargue. B．Toinform.C．Toentertain. D．Topersuade.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是適合孩子的幾本雜志的相關(guān)情況。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Faces部分的“Witharticles,folktales,andhands-onprojects,Facesmagazinetakesyoungreadersaroundtheworldforanhonestandobjectiveviewofhowchildreninotherregionslive.(9to14years)(通過文章、民間故事和實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目，F(xiàn)aces雜志讓世界各地的年輕讀者誠實(shí)客觀地了解其他地區(qū)兒童的生活方式。（9至14歲）)”可知，F(xiàn)aces能幫助培養(yǎng)孩子們的國際意識。故選A。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andsomemagazinesmayevenhaveissuesgoingbackyearsandevendecades!(有些雜志甚至有幾年甚至幾十年前的過刊！)”可知，有些雜志有過刊，故選C。23．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Librariesoftenhavealargeselectionofperiodicals(期刊)foreveryagegroupandreadinglevel,andformanyareasofinterest.Andsomemagazinesmayevenhaveissuesgoingbackyearsandevendecades!Belowisalistofsomeofthem!(圖書館通常有大量的期刊可供選擇，適合每個年齡段和閱讀水平，以及許多興趣領(lǐng)域。有些雜志甚至有幾年甚至幾十年前的過刊！下面是其中的一些列表！)”可知，本文主要介紹的是適合孩子的幾本雜志的相關(guān)情況，因此本文的目的是告知這些雜志的情況，故選B。BAyearago,mywifeandIsoldoneofourcarsandreplaceditwithane-bike.Iknewthatpassengervehiclesareresponsibleformuchofourgreenhouse-gasemissions.Ialsoknewthatelectriccarswereanimperfectfix.Thoughthey’reresponsibleforlesscarbonpollutionthangascars,theirsupplychainiscarbonintensive.Butane-bike’scomparativelytinybatterymeanslesselectricity,feweremissionsandfewerresources.E-bikesareclearlybetterfortheplanetthancarsofanykind.ButIalsoviewedgettingridofmycarasasacrifice.IliveinColorado;e-bikingwouldmeanfreezinginwinterandsweatinginsummer.Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.Iwasverywrong.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthesavings.Betweencarpayments,insurance,maintenance(保養(yǎng)),andgas,acar-centeredlifestyleisexpensive.Ipredictthatwe’llsaveabout$50,000overthenextfiveyearsbysellingourcar.Theactualexperienceofridingtoworkeachdayoverthepastyearhasbeenequallysurprising.Inwinter,Iweargloves,warmsocks,athickcap,andaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.Insummer,Ididn’tbreakasweat.Ijustusedthethrottle(油門),satback,andenjoyedmyride.Iarrivedtoworkalittlemorelightheartedforhavingspentthemorninginfreshairratherthantraffic.Ijumpedonmybikeafterastressfuldayatworkandrodehomedownastreetedgedwithchangingfallleaves.IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI’dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.24．Whydidtheauthorchangeacarforane-bike?A．Hewantedtodosomethinggoodforenvironment.B．Hethoughtthate-bikeswouldreplacegasvehicles.C．Hecouldn’taffordtheexpensivetransportationcosts.D．Hebelievede-bike’ssupplychainwasenvironment-friendly.25．Whatdidtheauthorthinkhewouldsacrificeforthee-biking?A．Thetrafficsafety. B．Thetrafficcomfort.C．Thetrafficeconomy. D．Thetrafficconvenience.26．Whatistheauthor’sfeelingabouthavingriddenane-bikeforayear?A．Tolerant. B．Unexpected. C．Conservative. D．Compromising.27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChangesBroughtbyanE-bike B．MyGreenLifefortheLastYearC．TheReplacementforGasVehicles D．ComparationBetweenCarsandE-bikes【答案】24．A25．B26．B27．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者賣掉一輛汽車換成電動自行車,一年后,他對騎車上下班的擔(dān)憂變成了驚喜。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butane-bike’scomparativelytinybatterymeanslesselectricity,feweremissionsandfewerresources.E-bikesareclearlybetterfortheplanetthancarsofanykind.(但電動自行車相對較小的電池意味著更少的電力、更少的排放和更少的資源。電動自行車顯然比任何一種汽車都更有益于地球)”可知，作者換電動自行車是因?yàn)樗迎h(huán)保。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IliveinColorado;e-bikingwouldmeanfreezinginwinterandsweatinginsummer.(我住在科羅拉多州；騎電動自行車意味著冬天挨凍，夏天大汗淋漓)”可知，作者認(rèn)為汽車相對更舒服，這方面是作者犧牲的。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.(我想，這樣做是對的，但這不會很有趣)”和第四段中“Theactualexperienceofridingtoworkeachdayoverthepastyearhasbeenequallysurprising.(在過去的一年里，每天騎車上班的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷同樣令人驚訝)”可知，作者對騎電動車上班一年的感受是出乎意料的驚喜。故選B。27．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theactualexperienceofridingtoworkeachdayoverthepastyearhasbeenequallysurprising.(在過去的一年里，每天騎車上班的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷同樣令人驚訝)”結(jié)合文章講述作者賣掉一輛汽車換成電動自行車后,騎車上下班給自己帶來的驚喜。A選項(xiàng)“電動自行車帶來的變化”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CItwaslongtheorizedthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonintegratedglobalcalculationsthatoccurwithinthefrontalcortex(額葉皮層)ofthebrain,whichisconsideredtheseatofhigher-orderthinking.However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.Thestudyofdecision-makinginratsmayhelpscientistsfindtherootsofflaweddecision-makingcommontomentalhealthdisorderssuchasaddiction,theauthorssay.Theyused-anewtooltomanipulate(操縱)braincircuitsinratswhiletheyweremakingchoicesbetweenactionsthatledtothemreceivingrewardsornorewards.Iftheratsmadetherightdecision,onethatendedinareward,oneofthebraincircuitswasactivated,butanotherwasactivatediftheratsmadethewrongchoiceandreceivednoreward.Thethirdcircuitstoredpastexperiencesanddecisionstohelptheratswithfuturechoices.StephanieGroman,leadauthoroftheresearchsays,“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.”Changesinthesecircuitsmayhelpexplainatypicalfeatureofaddiction—whypeoplecontinuetomakeharmfulchoicesevenafterrepeatednegativeexperiences.TheYaleresearcherspreviouslyshowedthatsomeofthesamebraincalculationsweredisrupted(擾亂)inanimalsthathadtakenmethamphetamine.“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans,”Gromansaid.28．HowwasYale’sresearchdifferentfromtheprevioustheory?A．Itdefinedthefunctionofdifferentbrainregions.B．Itidentifiedspecificcircuitsinvolvedindecision-making.C．Itfocusedontheconnectionbetweenchoicesandmemories.D．Ithighlightedtheroleofthefrontalcortexinhigher-orderthinking.29．WhatcanbeinferredfromStephanieGroman’swords?A．Memoriesarerelatedtoallthethreecircuits.B．Peoplebasetheirdecisionsonpersonalpreferences.C．Thethreecircuitsareallofvitalimportanceinmakingdecisions.D．Thecircuitrelatedtorewardsisthefoundationofdecidingwisely.30．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A．Thelimitationsofthepresentstudy. B．Adescriptionoftheresearchmethod.C．Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings. D．Thepotentialapplicationoftheconclusion.31．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowpeoplegetaddictedandcuredB．HowmakingdecisionsinfluencesourbrainC．HowourbraindevelopswhenfacingchoicesD．Howthebrainhelpsusmakegooddecisionsandbadones【答案】28．B29．C30．D31．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了大腦中的三個回路如何幫助我們做出好或壞的決定。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(然而，耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區(qū)域的三個不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將哪些過去的選擇存儲在記憶中。)”可知，耶魯大學(xué)的研究與之前不同在于它確定了參與決策的特定回路。故選擇B項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.(一個比較是決定在一家餐廳用餐。例如，如果沒有“好的選擇”循環(huán)，可能不會的回到食物好吃餐廳；如果沒有“壞的選擇”回路，你可能無法避開帶食物不好的餐廳。第三個“記憶”回路在做出決定時至關(guān)重要，比如在吃了幾頓好飯之后，是否要回到餐廳。)”可知這三個回路對于我們作出決定都有著至關(guān)重要的影響，故選擇C項(xiàng)。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans(因?yàn)槲覀兪褂玫臏y試與人類決策研究中使用的測試相似，我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與人類有直接相關(guān)性，有助于尋找治療人類藥物濫用的新方法)”可知本段主要講述的是研究結(jié)論的潛在應(yīng)用。故選擇D項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區(qū)域的三個不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將過去的哪些選擇存儲在記憶中)”可知本文主要講述的是大腦如何幫助我們作出好或壞的決定，故選擇D項(xiàng)。DItwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“l(fā)eftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughthree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomicallyvulnerablepeopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.“Theycomeinandarecompletelylostbecausethey’renotusedtocomingintobeautifulplaces,likethis.Butoncethey’rehere,theyrealizethatthisplaceistheirplace.It’snotmyplace,”hesaid.Bottura’sphilosophyisonethatcomesfromtheheart.T-shirtswormbyvolunteersathiscommunitycenterssay“cookingisanactoflove”,andheapproachesthefoodservedtherewithasmuchcareashedoesathisrestaurants—“probablyevenmore”,hesaidsincethedinersareextremelystressedandneedhealthyfoodtofeelbetter.Botturainsiststhatit’simportanttochangethelanguagearoundthefoodservedinhiscommunitycenters.32．Whydoestheauthordescribesuchasceneinthefirstparagraph?A．TointroduceBottura’sproject. B．Toshowtheappealofthedishes.C．Toemphasizethewarmatmosphere. D．Toexplainhowtheeventisorganized.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph2mean?A．Privileged. B．Independent. C．Conservative. D．Disadvantaged.34．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMassimoBottura?A．Skilledandstrict. B．Caringandconsiderate.C．Wealthyandhumorous. D．Economicalandinfluential.35．WhatfundamentalphilosophydoesMassimoBotturaexpress?A．Respectandbeautyareforall. B．Beautifulplacesinspirerespect.C．Cookingshouldbeaprofession. D．Communitycentersbringpeopletogether.【答案】32．A33．D34．B35．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。這篇文章主要講述了意大利廚師MassimoBottura通過他的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目，在貧困社區(qū)創(chuàng)建社區(qū)中心，為弱勢群體提供高質(zhì)量的餐食。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“l(fā)eftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.(那是9月中旬的一個晚上，剛過17點(diǎn)，在紐約市哈萊姆區(qū)一座歷史悠久的教堂里。大多數(shù)低收入的黑人都坐在餐桌旁。他們面前是一份菜單，上面有三道菜，他們只在電視上看到過。每一道菜都是用“剩余”的食材準(zhǔn)備的，免費(fèi)提供，旁邊放著一張手寫的藍(lán)色卡片，上面寫著“你被愛著”。)”以及第二段中“This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughthree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.(通過米其林三星廚師MassimoBottura的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目，在米蘭、巴黎、姆姆薩里達(dá)、利馬、悉尼和紐約等城市建立了14個社區(qū)中心，這是其中之一。)”可知，第一段描述場景是為了引出文章要介紹的FoodforSoul項(xiàng)目。故選A。33．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliers(2016年，他和妻子LaraGilmore開始了這個項(xiàng)目，通過使用供應(yīng)商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問題)”以及后面的“peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals(人們可以享用高質(zhì)量的食物)”可知，MassimoBottura和妻子創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目是通過使用供應(yīng)商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問題，并將這些材料為社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢群體享用高質(zhì)量的食物，故劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Disadvantaged.(貧困的)”為同義詞。故選D。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomicallyvulnerablepeopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.(他與妻子LaraGilmore于2016年啟動了這個項(xiàng)目，通過使用供應(yīng)商可能會丟棄的食材，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問題，并為社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢群體提供高質(zhì)量的膳食。)”以及第三段中“Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.(該項(xiàng)目與建筑師、藝術(shù)家和社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫脑O(shè)計(jì)的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設(shè)施，有助于創(chuàng)造一種幸福感、聯(lián)系感和包容性。)”可知，MassimoBottura通過使用供應(yīng)商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費(fèi)問題，并為社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)弱勢群體提供高質(zhì)量的膳食；并且還與建筑師、藝術(shù)家和社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫脑O(shè)計(jì)的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設(shè)施，有助于創(chuàng)造一種幸福感、聯(lián)系感和包容性。由此體現(xiàn)出他是一個關(guān)懷和體貼他人的人。故選B。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.(當(dāng)我問Bottura為什么要創(chuàng)作這么有思想的作品時。他告訴我，每個人都應(yīng)該得到尊重和美麗，當(dāng)然，還有健康的食物。)”可知，Bottura做這一切的想法基礎(chǔ)是每個人都應(yīng)該得到尊重和美麗，即尊重和美屬于所有人。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimesgivingfeedback(反饋)canbestressful.Afterall,youwantyourwordstobehelpfulandconstructive,butyoualsodon’twanttomakeanyonefeelbad.It’snormaltobenervousabouthowtheotherpersonwillrespondtoyourcomments.Anegativereactionmighthurtyourrelationshipandmakeitharderforyoutocommunicateinthefuture.36.Herearesomebasictipsongivingfeedback.37It’sessentialtogivefeedbackinatimelymanner.Don’twaituntiltoolongafteraprojectisfinishedoraperformancehasbeengiventoprovideyourcomments,oritmightmakeyourfeedbacklessmeaningful.Deliveringittoosooncanalsocreateproblems.Mostimportantly,ensurethattherecipientknowstheyaregoingtogetfeedback.Takeabalancedapproach38.Ifyouonlyfocusonconstructivefeedback,theotherpersonismuchmorelikelytowalkawayfeelingprettyterribleaboutthemselves.Instead,tryprovidingsomecommentsonwayspeoplecanimproveandgrow,butbalanceitbydeliveringrecognitionandacknowledgmentofwhatthey’vedonewell.Focusonactions,notpersonalitytraits(特征)Feedbackshouldfocusonaperson’sspecificbehaviorsandactions,notontheircharacter.Whenpeoplethinkoutcomesarecausedbypersonalcharacteristicsthatcan’tbechanged,feedbackislesslikelytoresultinchange.39.Lookforwaystoencourageself-reflectionFeedbackshouldn’tjustbealistofplusesandminuses.Deliveritinawaythatencouragespeopletoreflectonhowtheyaredoing,whatthey’vedonewellandwaysthattheymightbeabletoimprove.Howdoyoudothis?40.Whennotingthingsthatmightneedimproving,youmightask,“Whataresomethingsyoumightdodifferentlynexttime?”A．ChoosetherighttimeB．InformtheotherpersonbeforeyougivefeedbackC．GettingtheotherpersoninvolvedisagreatwaytostartD．HowpeopleperceiveyourfeedbackdependsonseveralfactorsE．That’swhylearninghowtogivehelpfulfeedbackissoimportantF．GreatfeedbackshouldincludebothpositiveandconstructivecommentsG．However,focusingonhowpeoplecantakeactiontoimprovemakesthemfeelmotivated【答案】36．E37．A38．F39．G40．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四條關(guān)于給反饋的建議。36．根據(jù)空前“It’snormaltobenervousabouthowtheotherpersonwillrespondtoyourcomments.Anegativereactionmighthurtyourrelationshipandmakeitharderforyoutocommunicateinthefuture.(擔(dān)心別人會如何回應(yīng)你的評論是很正常的。一個消極的反應(yīng)可能會傷害你們的關(guān)系，讓你們在