山東省濟(jì)寧市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省濟(jì)寧市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome. B.Atapetstore. C.Atarestaurant.【答案】A【原文】W:Doyouknowwhomadethatawfulmessinthekitchen?M:It’sme!I’mjustcooking!I’llcleanitupassoonasI’mfinished.W:Well,itlookslikeadog’sdinnerinthere!2.WhatisMrs.Richdoing?A.Orderingfood. B.Cookingameal. C.Doingtheshopping.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouwantanymeattoday,Mrs.Rich?Thislambisverygood.W:Ilikelamb,butmyhusbanddoesn’t.I’mgoingtomakedinnerforthewholefamilytonight.M:Whataboutsomechicken?Itisfresh.W:Thankyou,butI’mnotgoodatcookingit.Givemethatpieceofsteak,please.Myfamilylikesitverymuch.3.Wheredidthewomanlearnabouttheclub?A.FromtheInternet. B.Fromherworkmate. C.Fromasignonthestreet.【答案】B【原文】M:Didyoureadouradvertisementonline?W:No.Ievendidn’tseeyoursignuntiljustnow.IworkonAlbertStreet,notfarawayfromyourclub.Aladyatmyworkplacecomeshereandplaysping-pongduringourlunchbreaks.She’slookingforapartner,soI’mhopingtojoinher.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amotorshow. B.Acaraccident. C.Thetrafficrules.【答案】B【原文】W:What’sgoingon?Whyisthecarbeforeusstopping?M:Theremustbesomethinghappened.Twocarsarestandingrightinthemiddleoftheroadandthedriversarestandingbytheside.It’samiraclethatnoonewasbadlyinjured.W:It’sdangerous.Obeyingtrafficrulesandsignsiscrucialforensuringroadsafety.5.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotoanotherhotel. B.Sendamessage. C.Confirmhisbooking.【答案】A【原文】M:Goodevening.I’vereservedaroomhereunderthenameDavidBrown.W:Sorry,sir.Yourreservationhasbeencanceledasyoudidn’tarrivebefore6:00pm.We’vesentyouamessagetoinformyouofthat.Alltheroomsarefullnow.M:Well,maybeI’lltrymyluckatthehotelacrossthestreet.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waitressandcustomer. B.Bossandsecretary. C.Hotelclerkandguest.7.WhendoesMr.Whitewanttohavelunch?A.At11:30am. B.At12:00noon. C.At12:15pm.【答案】6.C7.C【原文】W:RoomService.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Hello,thisisWhitefromRoom204.I’dliketohavelunchinmyroom.W:OK,Mr.White.Weofferthreetypesoflunch,westernfood,JapanesefoodandChinesefood.Whichonewouldyouprefer?M:Thelastonewillbefine.W:MayIknowwhenyou’dlikeustodeliverthemeal?M:Well,I’vegotavideoconferencefrom11:30amto12:00noon,soIthinkitwouldbegoodtohavelunch15minuteslaterafteritisover.W:Isee.Yourmealwillbedeliveredontime.M:Thankyou.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.HowdoesthemanprobablyfeelaboutLinda’ssuggestionatfirst?A.Excited. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed.9.WhatdoesLindasayabouttheupgradingfeeattheairport?A.It’sfreeofchargesometimes.B.VIPscangetaspecialdiscount.C.It’smoreexpensivethanthatonline.【答案】8.B9.A【原文】M:Linda,doyouknowhowtosavemoneywhenbookingabusinessclassticket?Ialwaysfeeldistressedwhenthepricerisesagainandagain.W:Youcanpurchaseaneconomyticketonlinefirstandthenupgradeitattheairport.M:Whybother?W:Sometimes,iftheplaneisnotfull,thegateagentcanupgradeyoutobusinessclassatnoadditionalcost.Butevenifyouhavetopay,it’sstillgoingtobemuchcheaperthanbuyingonline.M:Really?WillIgetadiscountwithaVIPcardoftheairline?W:It’salwaysfreeofchargeifyouhaveaVIPcard.M:Great!WhenIboardtheplane,Iwillaskflightattendantstoupgradeitimmediately.W:No,theydon’tusuallyhavethatmuchpowerthen.Justarriveearlier,sobusinessseatsarestillavailable.M:Thankyou!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.WhatdoweknowaboutEmma?A.Sheiskeenongeography.B.Shedislikesstudyingbiology.C.Shedidn’tputmucheffortingeology.11.WhatisthesubjectofEmma’sessay?A.Environmentalpollution. B.Plantconservation. C.Wildlifeprotection.12.WhatislackinginEmma’sessay?A.Specificmeasures. B.Interestingstories. C.Reliablestatistics.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【原文】M:Hi,Emma,whythelongface?W:Ireceivedcriticismformygeographyessay.M:Ohno!Wasitbecausethesubjectdidn’tinteresttheteacher?W:Well,Idon’tnormallylikelearninggeography.Lastterm,westudiedgeologyanditwasveryboring,andIadmitthatIdidn’tworkveryhard!Butthistermwe’vebeenstudyingbiology.It’smoreinterestingthanIthought.M:Whatwasyouressayabout?W:Theconservationofananimal.Weweren’tassignedone.Wecouldchoose,soIchoseiguanas.M:Oh,yes!Irememberseeingyouinthelibrary!Youwerereadingaboutiguanasthen!Sowhatdidyoudowrong?W:Iwrotealongessay,withlotsofinterestinginformationaboutiguanas,suchastheirfoodandtheirevolution,andIevenwrotesomestoriesaboutthem.ButIdidn’twriteabouthowwecanhelpthem!Ididn’trealizethatIhadtowritedownmyownthoughts.It’ssosilly!M:Noworries.Maybetheteacherwillallowyoutowritetheessayagain.W:Ihopeso.I’llaskhertomorrow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Comparingnotes. B.Makinganinterview. C.Seekingcooperation.14.WhatdidgreytHRtarget?A.Indiandomesticfirms. B.Internationalmarkets. C.Indiangovernments.15.Whatisthemulti-channelmodelusedfor?A.Gettingfinancialsupport. B.Acquiringnewcustomers. C.Improvingservicequality.16.WhatisMr.Rowjee’ssuggestionforyoungentrepreneurs?A.Neverstoplearning. B.Facefailurespositively. C.Staycompetitive.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.A【原文】W:Goodevening,everyone.I’mthrilledtospeakwithMr.GirishRowjee,theco-founderandCEOofGreytipSoftware.Thankyouforjoiningus,Mr.Rowjee.M:It’sapleasuretobehere.W:First,couldyoushareouraudiencewhatyoursuccessstatementis?M:Maintainingagrowthattitude,inmyopinion,iscrucialforsuccessandpersonalprogress.Agrowthattitudepushesustotakeupchallengesandcontinuallyimproveourselves.W:OuraudiencearekeentoknowwhatinspiredyoutocreateGreytipSoftware.M:WestartedgreytHRwithaprimaryfocusonthesmallandmediumenterprises.WefoundthatmostofthefirmswerewantingtoselltheirsoftwaretocompaniesoutsideIndia.WesawthegaphereandtookuptheopportunitytoserveIndianfirms.W:WheredoyouseeGreytipSoftwareinthenext5years?M:Ouraimistoreach100thousandcustomersinthenearfuture.Intermsofincreasingthepaceofgrowth,wehaveadoptedamulti-channelmodeltoachievethis.WeareworkingwithanumberofResellerPartnersinvariouscities,whoarehelpingusconnectwithcustomers.Wehavealsoestablishedtie-upswithbanks.W:Soundsencouraging.Whatisyouradvicetoyoungentrepreneurs?M:IntheITIndustry,thingschangeveryrapidly.Theskillsthatwelearntodaywillbecomeoutofdateverysoon.Soweshouldlearncontinuously.W:Greatcompaniesaregreatatstickingtotheirvisionsanddoingeverythinggreattostayaheadofthecompetition.Iwishyourcompanythecapacitytostickwithitsvisionandstayaheadofothers.M:Thankyouforsayingthat.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whatcanbeseenontheimage?A.Alonelyoldpolarbear. B.Astrugglingpolarbear. C.Asleepingyoungpolarbear.18.Whichbestdescribestheprocessoftakingtheimage?A.Challenging. B.Eventful. C.Disappointing.19.Whatcanthedirector’swordsillustrate?A.Thebeautyinnature. B.Theimpactoftheimage. C.Theaffectionforphotography.20.WhatdoesNimaSarikhanicallonpeopletodo?A.Careaboutthesafetyofseafood.B.Createnewhomesforpolarbears.C.Takeactiontopreventglobalwarming.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.C【原文】W:Aheart-brokenimagecapturesayoungpolarbearsleepingonthemeltingpiecesofatinyiceberg.Britishpart-timephotographerNimaSarikhanicapturedthesceneinSvalbard,whichsitsdeepinsidetheArcticCircle,around500milesfromtheNorthPole.Theimagewascrownedthewinnerofthisyear’sWildlifePhotographeroftheYearPeople’sChoiceAward.Afterthreedaysofdesperatelysearchingforpolarbearsthroughthickfog,Sarikhanifinallyspottedtwopolarbears—ayoungermaleandanoldermale.Justbeforemidnight,astheshipgotclosetothebears,theyoungeroneclimbedontoasmallicebergandcarvedoutabedwithhispawsbeforefallingasleep.Sarikhanisaidthisphotographhascausedstrongemotionsinmanyofthosewhohaveseenit.Anestimated26,000polarbearsremaininthewild,andtheyareattheriskofdyingoutasrisingtemperaturesmeltawaytheseaicetheseanimalsdependon.DirectoroftheNaturalHistoryMuseumsaid,“Theheartbreakingimageallowsustoseethebeautyandfragilityofourplanet.Histhought-provokingimageisastrikingreminderoftheessentialbondbetweenananimalanditshabitatandservesasavisualrepresentationoftheharmfulimpactsofclimatewarmingandhabitatloss.”Sarikhanisaidhehopedhisphotographcouldinspirehope.Headdedthereisstilltimetofixthemesswehavecaused.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMotherEarthNewsistheoriginalguidetolivingwisely.Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.Themagazineapproachesenvironmentalproblemsfromadown-to-earth,practical,simpleliving,how-tostandpoint.Becomeapreferredsubscriberandclaimyourbenefitstoday! MemberBenefitsInclude: ?Onlinevideolearninglibrary,featuring450+videoswithmoreaddedeverymonth?Admissiontoallonlinevideoworkshops,includingexpertinterviewsandliveQ&.As?AyearofMotherEarthNewsmagazine,backedby50+yearsoftrustedDIYguidance?Bonusdigitalsubscription—accessnewissuesanywherelifetakesyou?Everydaymemberdiscountsoneco-friendlyproductsintheMotherEarthNewsStore?Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscanMembershipprice:?PrintMembership:$38peryear?DigitalMembership:$18peryearDigitalmagazineversiononly(printedversionexcluded)SatisfactionGuarantee:IfyouarenotfullysatisfiedwithMotherEarthNews,simplycall800-234-3368oremailatCustomerService@.Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).Noquestionsasked.21.WhicharticleismostlikelytobeincludedinMotherEarthNews?A.MoralValuesmayShiftwithSeasonsB.BuildaWindGeneratorforHomebyYourselfC.StarryHorizons:TheFutureofSpaceExplorationD.MeltingPotofIdeas:CulturalIntegrationinthe21stCentury22.Whatistheaddedbonusformembers?A.Visitinglocallibrariesforfree. B.HostingaliveQ&Asession.C.Havingadiscountondigitalversion. D.Gettingearlieraccesstolatestarticles.23.Whatistherefundforthehalf-yearsubscriptioncancellation?A.$9. B.$18. C.$19. D.$38.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了《MotherEarthNews》雜志的內(nèi)容定位、會(huì)員權(quán)益及退訂政策等信息?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中提到的“Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.(該雜志于1970年創(chuàng)刊，每期雙月刊以實(shí)用和省錢的資訊為特色，探討如何削減能源成本；使用可再生能源；有機(jī)園藝;綠色住宅建設(shè)與改造；有趣的自己動(dòng)手的項(xiàng)目和自給自足的生活方式)”可推知，雜志主要涉及自給自足和環(huán)保意識(shí)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)B符合這些主題。故選B?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscan(對(duì)在線內(nèi)容沒有限制-會(huì)員可以在非會(huì)員之前查看新文章和項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)意)”可推知，會(huì)員福利之一就是比非會(huì)員更早獲得最新的文章。故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Membershipprice:?PrintMembership:$38peryear(會(huì)員價(jià)格：印刷版會(huì)員每年38美元)并且在退款保證中說(shuō)明“Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).(我們將對(duì)所有未郵寄的期刊進(jìn)行全額退款)”可知，如果在半年的時(shí)候取消訂閱未郵寄的月份，則為19美元。故選C。BWhenIboughtahouseinPortlandfouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlong-lastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromthenursery.Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,Idecidedtoremediate(補(bǔ)救)whatIalreadyhad.Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;andshieldingsoilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Icreatedapond,arockgarden,awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddecomposebythemselvesinanaturalway.Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalcommunities.InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個(gè)體)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveself-preservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.24.Howdidtheauthorusetoimprovethesoil?A.Byaddingrichsoil. B.Bycoveringitwithbags.C.Byremovingtheweeds. D.Byapplyingchemicalfertilizer.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shielding”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Exposing. B.Separating. C.Sheltering. D.Monitoring.26.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheprocessoftransplanting. B.Toillustratethepreventionofinsectattacks.C.Tostressthecompetitionofdifferentspecies. D.Tostatetheformationofmulti-speciescommunities.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSoulofSoil B.TheVitalityoftheWildC.TheArtofGardening D.TheWhisperofFlowers【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者四年前在波特蘭買房后打理花園，面對(duì)貧瘠土壤，采用現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法改良，最終對(duì)土壤有全新認(rèn)知的過程?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromthenursery.(以前，在那些小得多的花園里，我會(huì)用從苗圃買來(lái)的幾袋優(yōu)質(zhì)土壤來(lái)改良土壤)”可知，作者過去是通過添加優(yōu)質(zhì)土壤來(lái)改善土壤的，也就是添加肥沃的土壤。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前面“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的兩個(gè)核心原則可以指導(dǎo)這一轉(zhuǎn)變：盡量減少土壤擾動(dòng)和強(qiáng)調(diào)生物多樣性。在實(shí)踐中，輪流種植作物；優(yōu)先使用有機(jī)肥料而非化肥；將農(nóng)作物、樹木以及家畜進(jìn)行整合)”和劃線詞后面“…soilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops(用覆蓋作物來(lái)……土壤被沖走)”可知，這里說(shuō)的是一些現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的原則及實(shí)踐方法，提到用覆蓋作物來(lái)防止土壤被沖走，劃線詞在此處應(yīng)是“保護(hù)、防護(hù)”的意思，與“Sheltering”意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.(五月的時(shí)候，我決定移栽一株開花植物。當(dāng)我把這株植物挖出來(lái)時(shí)，各種各樣的生物都冒了出來(lái)。蚯蚓在根部扭動(dòng)著，一只長(zhǎng)腳蜘蛛匆匆尋找藏身之處。在這株植物的下方，我甚至還看到了真菌菌絲體那細(xì)密的白色網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，本段描述了作者在移栽開花植物時(shí)，看到了蚯蚓、長(zhǎng)腳蜘蛛以及真菌菌絲體等各種各樣的生物出現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)了多種生物共存的情況，目的是說(shuō)明形成了多物種的群落。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.(擺在我面前的挑戰(zhàn)是重振土壤)”和文章最后一段“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個(gè)體)initsownright.

(我用手指穿過土壤，比以往任何時(shí)候都更清楚地意識(shí)到，我改變的不僅僅是我的院子——它完全改變了我對(duì)土壤的看法。它不僅僅是作為生命的媒介，而且本身就是一個(gè)有生命的實(shí)體)”可知，文章主要講述了作者打理花園改造土壤的過程，通過實(shí)踐對(duì)土壤有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)為土壤不僅僅是生命的介質(zhì)，它本身就是一個(gè)有生命的個(gè)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)了土壤的重要性及獨(dú)特“生命力”，因此，“TheSoulofSoil(土壤的靈魂)”作為標(biāo)題最為合適，能夠概括文章的主旨。故選A項(xiàng)。C“What’sspecialaboutourspecies?”isaquestionscientistshavewrestledwithforcenturies.NowanevolutionaryanthropologistThomasMorganhasanewtheorythatcouldchangethewayweperceiveourselves,andtheworld.“Itwasbasicallyacceptedthatitwastheabilityofhumanculture—thesharedbodyofknowledgepasseddownacrossgenerations—toaccumulate(累積)andevolvethatmadeusspecial,butournewdiscoveriesarechallengingthatandforcingustorethinkwhatmakesusasaspeciesunique,”saidMorgan.Justashumanspassonknowledgetoourchildren,whenanewqueenleafcutteranthatches,shecollectsalittlemouthfulofhermother’sgeneticmaterialtostartanewfamily.Evenlocustsusecomplexevolvingsystemstoadapttolocalconditions,relyingonepigeneticchanges—howfactorslikeageandenvironmentcanchangegeneactivitywithoutchangingDNAsequence(序列)—toquicklyevolvebetweengreenoryellow-and-blackformsbasedonoverpopulation.So,ifanimalsdohaveevolvingcultures,thenwhat’sspecialabouthumanculture?Morganpointedoutthatwehumansaresospecialbecauseofour“open-endedness”—ourabilitytocommunicateandunderstandaninfinitenumberofpossibilitiesinlife,whereasanimals’inabilitytoeasilyimaginecomplicatedsequencesorsubgoalslimitstheirwayofthinking.“Forexample,whenI’mmakingmyboys’breakfastinthemorning,it’sanested,multi-stepprocess.First,Ineedtogetthebowlsandpotsandotherequipment.ThenIputtheingredientsinthepot,allintherightamountsandorder,cookit,monitoringtemperatureuntilitreachestherightconsistency,andthenserveitup.Eachofthesestepsisasubgoal.Thiscomplexprocedureishardforanimalstointerpret,”saidMorgan.Whenitcomestothelimitofthissystem,humanbrainsjustkeepgoing,whichallowsustoperformanear-infinitesetofbehaviors—thisisopen-endedness.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Thehumanculture. B.Thecommonbelief.C.Thelatestdiscovery. D.Thenewspecies.29.Whatcanbelearnedinparagraph3?A.Thefittestarelikelytosurvivebest. B.DNA’ssequenceisbasicallyunstable.C.Cultureaccumulationisn’texclusivetohumans. D.Parentsattachimportancetochildren’seducation.30.WhydoesMorgancitethebreakfast-makingexample?A.Todisplayhissuperbcookingskills. B.Toexplainthecomplexityofcooking.C.Tostresstheimportanceofgoal-setting. D.Toshowanimals’strugglewithsubgoals.31.Whichcanbestdescribethecoreofhumanopen-endedness?A.Orderly. B.Boundless. C.Consistent. D.Inclusive.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)物也有不斷進(jìn)行的文化，說(shuō)明了人類文化的特別之處以及特點(diǎn)?！?8題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Itwasbasicallyacceptedthatitwastheabilityofhumanculture—thesharedbodyofknowledgepasseddownacrossgenerations—toaccumulate(累積)andevolvethatmadeusspecial,butournewdiscoveriesarechallenging(人們基本上認(rèn)為，是人類文化的能力——代代相傳的共同知識(shí)體系——積累和進(jìn)化使我們與眾不同，但我們的新發(fā)現(xiàn)正在挑戰(zhàn))”可知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，上文提到人們普遍信念是人類文化的能力——代代相傳的共同知識(shí)體系——積累和進(jìn)化使我們與眾不同，但是新發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了這一普遍信念。故that指的是“普遍的信念”。故選B?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Justashumanspassonknowledgetoourchildren,whenanewqueenleafcutteranthatches,shecollectsalittlemouthfulofhermother’sgeneticmaterialtostartanewfamily.Evenlocustsusecomplexevolvingsystemstoadapttolocalconditions,relyingonepigeneticchanges—howfactorslikeageandenvironmentcanchangegeneactivitywithoutchangingDNAsequence(序列)—toquicklyevolvebetweengreenoryellow-and-blackformsbasedonoverpopulation.(就像人類把知識(shí)傳給我們的孩子一樣，當(dāng)一只新的切葉蟻蟻后孵化出來(lái)時(shí)，它會(huì)收集一小口母親的遺傳物質(zhì)來(lái)組建一個(gè)新的家庭。即使是蝗蟲也使用復(fù)雜的進(jìn)化系統(tǒng)來(lái)適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)貤l件，依靠表觀遺傳變化——年齡和環(huán)境等因素如何在不改變DNA序列的情況下改變基因活性——在種群過剩的基礎(chǔ)上快速進(jìn)化成綠色或黃黑相間的形式)”可知，螞蟻和蝗蟲也可以積累文化，即文化積累不是人類獨(dú)有的。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Morganpointedoutthatwehumansaresospecialbecauseofour“open-endedness”—ourabilitytocommunicateandunderstandaninfinitenumberofpossibilitiesinlife,whereasanimals’inabilitytoeasilyimaginecomplicatedsequencesorsubgoalslimitstheirwayofthinking.(摩根指出，我們?nèi)祟愔匀绱颂貏e，是因?yàn)槲覀兊摹伴_放性”——我們有能力溝通和理解生活中無(wú)數(shù)的可能性，而動(dòng)物無(wú)法輕易想象復(fù)雜的序列或子目標(biāo)，這限制了它們的思維方式)”可知，摩根引用做早餐的例子是為了展示動(dòng)物在子目標(biāo)上的掙扎。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenitcomestothelimitofthissystem,humanbrainsjustkeepgoing,whichallowsustoperformanear-infinitesetofbehaviors—thisisopen-endedness.(當(dāng)涉及到這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的極限時(shí)，人類的大腦只是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，這允許我們執(zhí)行近乎無(wú)限的行為集——那就是開放性)”可知，人類開放性的核心是無(wú)限的。故選B。DPeople’stendencytofollowtrends,especiallyonsocialmedia—evenwhentheylooksillyortakerisksdoingso—isdefinitelyacommonphenomenon.Whatdoespsychologysayabouttrendfollowing—andisthereawaytobreakfreefromthedesiretofollowthenewestcraze?AccordingtoPsychologistPamelaB.Rutledge,followingtrendsisn’tasignofcharacterweaknessormentalinstability.Rather,itisanentirelynaturalbehaviorembeddedinhumanity’sfundamentalneedtobelongtoasocialgroupandestablishconnectionswithothers.Historically,followingtrendswascrucialforoursurvival.ArchaeologistshaveuncoveredevidencethatearlyhumansworkedtogethertotransportstonetoolsoverlongdistancesabouttwomillionyearsagoinwhatisnowKenya—cooperationthatallowedthemtosurviveinasevereenvironment.Andthoughfollowingatrendonsocialmediaisn’texactlyasimportantasoutrunningasaber-toothedtiger,humanevolutionhasprogrammedourbrainstobereceptivetosocialsignals.Anothercontributingfactorthesocialcognition(認(rèn)知)—theprocessesthatdeterminewhatwenoticeandhowwerespondtoothers—largelytakesplaceinthepartsofthebrainthatoverseesight,patternrecognition,decision-making,empathy,andsimilarfunctions.“Thankstoourhumans’complexcognitivesystems,ourbrainsarereallygoodatidentifyingpatternsandstimulatingbehaviorthatcommunicatesoursocialstatus.Asaresult,youcanusealmostanythingtosignalyourmembershiporaffiliationwithasocialgroup.Givingofftherightsocialsignalsletsothersknowwhichgroupyoubelongtoorwanttoengagewith—andthosesignalsaremonitoredandinterpretedbyothers.Referredtoasidentitysignaling,thesebehaviorscanrangefromputtingabumperstickeronacartoselectingabrandofclothing,”saidRutledge.Almosteveryonefollowstrendsinsocialgroups,withoutexception.However,tweens,teenagers,andyoungadultsareespeciallylikelytofollowtrends,includingriskyones,duetotheirheighteneddesireforacceptanceandbelongingamongpeers.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetoguidethemduringtheirjourneytowardsmaturity.32.WhatdoesRutledgethinkoffollowingtrends?A.Changeable. B.Reasonable. C.Odd. D.Risky.33.Whydidearlyhumansprefertofollowtrends?A.Toremovementalweakness. B.Toshowtheirsocialstatus.C.Tolivethroughdifficulties. D.Toexpandtheirpopulation.34.Whatisthehiddenmeaningofidentitysignaling?A.Goodtasteinfashion. B.Blindpursuitofnovelty.C.Atruereflectionofpersonality. D.Akeenthirstforbelonging.35.Whatwillthefollow-upparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Tipsonembracingtrendssensibly. B.Insightsintoforthcomingtrends.C.Parentalguidanceinkids’futurejobs. D.Psychologybehindtrendadoption.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人們跟隨潮流的心理現(xiàn)象及原因?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AccordingtoPsychologistPamelaB.Rutledge,followingtrendsisn’tasignofcharacterweaknessormentalinstability.Rather,itisanentirelynaturalbehaviorembeddedinhumanity’sfundamentalneedtobelongtoasocialgroupandestablishconnectionswithothers.(根據(jù)心理學(xué)家PamelaB.Rutledge的說(shuō)法，跟風(fēng)并不是性格軟弱或精神不穩(wěn)定的表現(xiàn)。相反，這是一種完全自然的行為，根植于人類屬于一個(gè)社會(huì)群體并與他人建立聯(lián)系的基本需求)”可知，Rutledge認(rèn)為跟隨潮流是合理的。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Historically,followingtrendswascrucialforoursurvival.(從歷史上看，追隨趨勢(shì)對(duì)我們的生存至關(guān)重要)”可推知，早期人類跟隨潮流主要是為了在困難中生存。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thankstoourhumans’complexcognitivesystems,ourbrainsarereallygoodatidentifyingpatternsandstimulatingbehaviorthatcommunicatesoursocialstatus.Asaresult,youcanusealmostanythingtosignalyourmembershiporaffiliationwithasocialgroup.Givingofftherightsocialsignalsletsothersknowwhichgroupyoubelongtoorwanttoengagewith—andthosesignalsaremonitoredandinterpretedbyothers.Referredtoasidentitysignaling,thesebehaviorscanrangefromputtingabumperstickeronacartoselectingabrandofclothing,”said(由于人類復(fù)雜的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)，我們的大腦非常擅長(zhǎng)識(shí)別模式和刺激能夠傳達(dá)我們社會(huì)地位的行為。因此，你幾乎可以用任何東西來(lái)表明你與一個(gè)社會(huì)團(tuán)體的成員身份或隸屬關(guān)系。發(fā)出正確的社交信號(hào)會(huì)讓別人知道你屬于哪個(gè)群體，或者想要參與其中——而這些信號(hào)會(huì)被其他人監(jiān)控和解讀。拉特利奇說(shuō)：“這些行為被稱為身份信號(hào)，從在汽車保險(xiǎn)杠上貼貼紙到選擇服裝品牌”）可知，身份信號(hào)的隱含意思是屬于群體的強(qiáng)烈渴望。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Almosteveryonefollowstrendsinsocialgroups,withoutexception.However,tweens,teenagers,andyoungadultsareespeciallylikelytofollowtrends,includingriskyones,duetotheirheighteneddesireforacceptanceandbelongingamongpeers.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetoguidethemduringtheirjourneytowardsmaturity.(幾乎每個(gè)人都追隨社會(huì)群體的潮流，無(wú)一例外。然而，青少年和年輕人特別容易追隨潮流，包括冒險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)樗麄兛释煌g人接受和歸屬感。因此，引導(dǎo)他們走向成熟具有重要意義)”可推知，接下來(lái)的段落可能會(huì)討論理性接納潮流的建議。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’snosecretthatartificialintelligenceischangingthewaywework.Withmoreandmoresimplertasksbeingautomated,humansareleftwithmorehigh-levelcognitivework,suchasideageneration,strategicplanning,andcreativewriting.____36____Theproblemisthatwestillfollowamindsetthatresemblestheeraofassembly(組裝)lines,whichdoesn’tfosterorfacilitatethetypeofworkneededtoday.Leadersconstantlymeasuredproductivityintermsofhowmanyhoursanemployeespentatworkorthenumberofabstracttargetstheyreached.____37____Thistypeofoutputdoesn’tfitintheeraofAI.Instead,wehavetomakeapsychologicalswitch,structuringeachworkdayfor