2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3NaturalDisasters練習(xí)北師大版選修8

PAGE1-Lesson3NaturalDisasters一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Theagriculturallandishillyandthe(irrigate)ispoor.

答案irrigation2Afewchildrenwilltendtosufferfrom(separate)fromtheirparents.

答案separation3Anewrailwayisbeing(construct).

答案constructed4Theyarefocusedonincreasingtheirpersonalwealthbyany(mean).

答案means5InEngland,the(change)weatherisatopicwhichisoftentalkedabout.

答案changeable二、短語填空earnone’slivingwipeoutinadvancegetoverarangeof1Beforevisitinghim,Icalledhimup.

答案inadvance2Whenhewasveryyoung,hebegantobysellingnewspapers.

答案earnhisliving3Heistryingtothedifficultyatpresent.

答案getover4Wholevillageswerebythefloods.

答案wipedout5Thetwomendiscussedissues.

答案arangeof三、閱讀理解A(導(dǎo)學(xué)號51860004)ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸鹽)ontheisland.Infact,itwasfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.1Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.解析主旨大意題。文章第一段提到瑙魯前后的變更以及該段最終一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的寫作目的是為了引起其他國家的重視,以示警告。故選B項。答案B2WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“...usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及其次段第一句“...livedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙魯在歐洲人到來之前是一個寧靜而漂亮的地方。答案C3TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom.

A.soilpollution B.phosphateoverminingC.farmingactivity D.whalehunting解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段提到一家英國礦業(yè)公司發(fā)覺瑙魯含有豐富的磷酸鹽后起先開采,第五段又說明白其實這種露天礦的開采破壞了土壤的表層,最終使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。因此可以看出其生態(tài)災(zāi)難是由過度的采礦引起的,故B項正確。答案B4WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru’sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段前兩句“...theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人運用資金不當(dāng),致使瑙魯陷入財政困難。故選A項。答案A5WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts’wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.解析推理推斷題。結(jié)合文章最終一段倒數(shù)其次句專家所說的修復(fù)瑙魯(島)須要花的錢和時間,以及最終一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推斷一旦造成生態(tài)破壞,是很難修復(fù)的。故選A項。答案ABPeopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman’sreleaseofcompletelynewartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstance,suchasoilfromoiltankersintothesea.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposed(處理)of.Butwhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproduced,therewillbenew,dangerouswastetobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulation.However,thelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingused,insomecases,tooheavily,andartificialfertilizerscannotrestorethebalance.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsare,thereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompanies,individualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwaste.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblem,butalsoisagreatwasteofresources,intermsofglass,metalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneed,butalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuying,excessiveconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.6Themaincauseofpollutionis.

A.ourever-increasingpopulationB.increasedamountsofanaturalsubstanceC.thereleaseofartificialornaturalsubstancesintotheenvironmentD.theproductionofnewindustrialgoods解析由短文中心含義可知,污染的緣由在于隨意排放各種物質(zhì)。原文第一段其次句清晰地說明白這一點。答案C7Inthewriter’sview,themorenewgoodsareproduced,.

A.thelesspollutiontherewillbeB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolledD.themorepollutiontherewillbe解析文中其次段首句表明我們在生產(chǎn)各種生活用品時,確定會產(chǎn)生破壞生態(tài)平衡的廢物。再由其次段其次、三句可見,生產(chǎn)的新產(chǎn)品越多,造成的污染就越大。答案D8Muchofthepollutioncouldbecontrolledifonly.

A.peoplewouldpaymoreattentiontotheproblemB.governmentswouldtakeeffectivemeasuresC.allsidesconcernedwouldmakemoreeffortsD.farmerswoulduselessartificialfertilizers解析由文中第三段第一句可知只有各方齊努力,才能限制污染。答案C9Manypeopleseepollutionasonlypartof.

A.ourdailylifeB.theenvironmentalbalanceC.theconsumptionofgoodsbymanD.thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods解析文中其次段第四句表明答案為D項。答案D10Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby.

A.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsB.reducingunnecessarybuying,excessiveconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseC.askingthegovernmentstocontrolthewasteD.cuttingdowntheuseofoil解析由文中第三段最終一句話可知B項正確。答案B四、完形填空War,moneyandpowerareafewthingsthatcountriesandpeopleareconcernedabout.ThoughIagreethat1thingsareimportant,Ibelievethateveryoneshouldstartto2moreonagrowingproblem—globalwarming.

Globalwarmingwillnotonly3ourcountryandourgeneration,butalsotheentire4andfuturegenerations.Itis5becausetheweatherhasbeenalotwarmeroverthepastfewyears,which6themelting(溶化)oftheiceintheAntarctic.Thiswillsooncausewaterlevelsto7andfloodpartsoftheworld.

Manypeople8thisproblembecausetheyfeelasiftheycan’tdoanythingaboutitandhavemore9thingstoworryabout.Ifweall10so,thenourozonelayer(臭氧層)willbe11andtheplanetwillnolongerbeabletomakelifecontinuetoexist.Weshoulddoourbesttolimittheuseofourplanet’s12resources(資源)andkeepourairclean.13,futuregenerationswillsufferfromour14.

Somemightfeelthattheycan’tstopglobalwarmingfrom15.Butifeverysinglepersondoeshisorherpartinkeepingtheairclean,thenitwillbecomea16effort.Sure,therearesomethingsthatcausepollutionandthatwewon’tbeableto17change.Thismayincludecars’burningoil,butwecan18adjustsomeofthesethings.Peoplecanstartcarpooling(合伙用車),takingthebus,ridingtheirbikes,or19justwalking.

Ifeveryonetakes20now,Ibelievewecanstartseeingremarkableresultswithinafewyears.

1A.oneB.someC.otherD.those解析依據(jù)第一句中的“War,moneyandpower”及其次句中的things可知。答案D2A.depend B.focus C.hang D.remark解析作者認(rèn)為每個人都應(yīng)更關(guān)注全球變暖問題。focuson...“留意力集中在……”;dependon“依靠,依靠”;hangon“堅持,別掛斷”;remarkon“對……做出評論”。答案B3A.annoy B.interrupt C.affect D.confuse解析全球變暖不僅會影響到我們的國家和我們這一代人,還會影響……annoy“使心煩”;interrupt“打斷”;affect“影響”;confuse“使困惑”。答案C4A.world B.continent C.industry D.climate解析由句意的遞進“全球變暖不僅會影響到我們的國家和我們這一代人,而且會影響全世界和下一代”可推斷出;修飾詞entire也示意了這一點。world“世界”;continent“大陸,大洲”;industry“工業(yè)”;climate“氣候”。答案A5A.failing Bpleting C.changing D.occurring解析因為在過去幾年里氣候不斷變暖,溫室效應(yīng)始終在發(fā)生。fail“失敗”;complete“完成”;change“變更”;occur“發(fā)生”。答案D6A.liesin B.resultsinC.suffersfrom D.escapesfrom解析全球變暖導(dǎo)致冰川溶化。liein“在于”;resultin“引起,導(dǎo)致”;sufferfrom“遭遇,患(病)”;escapefrom“逃離”。答案B7A.reduce B.rise C.drop D.move解析冰川溶化導(dǎo)致海平面“上升”。reduce“削減,降低”;rise“上升,上升”;drop“落下,掉下”;move“搬動,移動”。答案B8A.ignore B.make C.increase D.discuss解析因為他們覺得好像他們不能做什么,故由語境可知應(yīng)為忽視(ignore)。答案A9A.popular B.suitable C.important D.difficult解析人們認(rèn)為他們對全球變暖這個問題不能做什么,他們覺得有更重要的事情要擔(dān)憂。popular“流行的”;suitable“適合的”;important“重要的”;difficult“困難的”。答案C10A.do B.keep C.like D.find解析承接上文,假如我們都這樣做。do指代動詞,指不關(guān)切全球變暖,而去擔(dān)憂別的事情。答案A11A.protected B.strengthenedC.destroyed D.surrounded解析臭氧層遭到破壞,人類就不能在地球上生存。protect“愛護”;strengthen“增加”;destroy“破壞”;surround“環(huán)繞”。答案C12A.unlimited B.naturalC.recycled D.industri