Unit3BacktothePast基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)背記檢測(cè)版-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit3BacktothepastPart1Weletotheunit，Reading，GrammarandusageI.基礎(chǔ)識(shí)記1.voyagen.航海,航行,航天 vi.航行,遠(yuǎn)行2.load vt.&vi.裝上,裝入 n.負(fù)載;承載量;大量3pass n.羅盤,指南針;圓規(guī)4.dismiss vt.不予考慮,對(duì)……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散5.insist vi.&vt.堅(jiān)決要求,堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)持說(shuō)6.route n.路線,路途;途徑,渠道7.panic n.驚恐,恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)驚慌,(使)驚慌失措8.regardless adv.不顧,不加理會(huì)9.shore n.岸,濱10.captain n.船長(zhǎng),機(jī)長(zhǎng);上校;隊(duì)長(zhǎng)11.kingdom n.王國(guó);管轄范圍12.royal adj.盛大的,莊嚴(yán)的;皇家的,王室的13.tomb n.墳?zāi)?4.prison n.監(jiān)獄15.phrase n.成語(yǔ),習(xí)語(yǔ);短語(yǔ),詞組16.format n.總體安排,設(shè)計(jì);版式閱讀單詞1.fleetn.艦隊(duì);捕魚(yú)船隊(duì);車隊(duì)2.log n.航海日志,正式記錄;原木 vi.&vt.伐木3.minister n.大臣,部長(zhǎng)拓展單詞1.breadthn.寬度;廣泛→broadadj.寬的,遼闊的;顯著的→broadenv.變寬;(使)擴(kuò)大影響;增長(zhǎng)(經(jīng)驗(yàn)、知識(shí)等)→broadlyadv.大體上;基本上2.convincevt.使相信;說(shuō)服,勸說(shuō)→convincedadj.確信的→convincingadj.令人信服的3.navigatev.航行;導(dǎo)航→navigationn.航行;航?！鷑avigableadj.可航行的;可駕駛的→navigatorn.航海家;領(lǐng)航員;駕駛員4.leakv.漏,滲漏;泄露n.漏洞→leakyadj.漏的;有漏洞的→leakagen.泄漏;滲漏物5.strengthenv.加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng)→strengthn.力量;力氣→strongadj.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的;強(qiáng)壯的adv.猛烈地→stronglyadv.強(qiáng)有力地;堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地6.harmoniousadj.友好和睦的;和諧的→harmonyn.協(xié)調(diào);和睦→harmonizev.使和諧;使一致→harmoniouslyadv.和諧地;調(diào)和地7.proofn.證據(jù),證明→provev.證明;檢驗(yàn);證明是→provedadj.證實(shí)的;被證明的8.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(權(quán)威、地位);承認(rèn)(屬實(shí));(公開(kāi))感謝→acknowledgementn.承認(rèn);確認(rèn);感謝→acknowledgedadj.公認(rèn)的;被普遍認(rèn)可的9.influentialadj.有很大影響力的,有支配力的→influencen.影響;有影響的人或事vt.影響;改變→influentiallyadv.有影響地;有力地10.departv.離開(kāi),起程→departuren.離開(kāi);出發(fā);違背11.financialadj.財(cái)政的,金融的,財(cái)務(wù)的→financen.財(cái)政,財(cái)政學(xué);金融v.負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi),籌措資金→financiallyadv.財(cái)政上;金融上12.shortagen.不足,短缺→shortadj.短的;不足的;矮的→shortlyadv.立刻;簡(jiǎn)短地→shortenv.縮短;減少;變短13.subsequentadj.隨后的,后來(lái)的→subsequentlyadv.隨后,其后;后來(lái)14.astonishv.使十分驚訝,使吃驚→astonishedadj.吃驚的→astonishingadj.驚人的;令人驚訝的→astonishmentn.驚訝;令人驚訝的事物15.literaryadj.文學(xué)的,文學(xué)上的;愛(ài)好文學(xué)的→literaturen.文學(xué);文獻(xiàn);著作→literacyn.讀寫(xiě)能力;精通文學(xué)→literateadj.受過(guò)教育的;精通文學(xué)的16.extensivelyadv.廣闊地;廣泛地→extensiveadj.廣泛的;大量的;廣闊的→extendv.延伸;擴(kuò)大;伸展→extensionn.延長(zhǎng);延期;擴(kuò)大;伸展→extendedadj.延伸的;擴(kuò)大的;長(zhǎng)期的17.facilitatevt.使便利,促進(jìn)→facilityn.設(shè)施;設(shè)備;容易;靈巧→facilitatorn.服務(wù)商;促進(jìn)者→facilitationn.簡(jiǎn)易化18.availableadj.可獲得的,可找到的;有空的→availabilityn.可用性;有效性;實(shí)用性19.exceptionaladj.杰出的,優(yōu)秀的;異常的,罕見(jiàn)的→exceptprep.除……之外→exceptionn.例外;異議→exceptionallyadv.異常地;特殊地;例外地詞塊積累1.onboard 在船上(或飛機(jī)上、火車上)2.onbehalfof代表(或代替);為幫助;為了3.beloadedwith 裝滿……；充滿……4.departfrom 離開(kāi)……，從……起程；背離……，違反……5.inpanic 驚慌地，慌亂中6.regardlessof 不管,不顧7.allowfor 使成為可能;考慮到,把……計(jì)算在內(nèi)8.sortout 理順,整理;把……安排好句型鞏固1.He(ZhengHe)evensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.他(鄭和)甚至遠(yuǎn)航到非洲東海岸。2.Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenoveremanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.那些做出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的人必須沿路克服許多挑戰(zhàn)——就像探險(xiǎn)家克里斯托弗·哥倫布一樣。3.ZhengHe’sacplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.鄭和的成就現(xiàn)在受到廣泛認(rèn)可,他也作為中國(guó)最具影響力的探險(xiǎn)家之一被世人銘記。4.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.他的航海開(kāi)啟了探索時(shí)代的新篇章,這一時(shí)期見(jiàn)證了許多重要的地理發(fā)現(xiàn)。這一時(shí)期還使得思想和文化的國(guó)際交流成為可能。5.TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.記錄表明,來(lái)訪者對(duì)明朝如此富有和技術(shù)上如此先進(jìn)感到很震驚。語(yǔ)法：從句1.(全國(guó)甲卷）Whatwediscoveredis____it’sunwisetojudgewhatyoueatonlybyitsappearance.(·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thekeyfindingofthestudywas______whencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion...(全國(guó)乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlook______theyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.(浙江1月卷)

Thisismakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.5.(新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thatispartlypeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracteddrivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfortunately.”

答案及剖析:1.that考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表達(dá)肯定的含義,用that引導(dǎo)。2.that考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表達(dá)肯定的含義,用that引導(dǎo)。3.asif考查表語(yǔ)從句。asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為所述不是事實(shí)或發(fā)生的可能性不大時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4.why考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意用why引導(dǎo)。5.because考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意用because引導(dǎo)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Heactedasthoughhe(know)nothingaboutit.

2.Thethirdsectionofthenewspaperiswecanknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.

[變式訓(xùn)練]Thethirdsectionofthenewspaperistheoneinwecanknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.

3.Thereasonwhyhisresearchfailedwasheneglectedtheimportanceofteamefforts.

[變式訓(xùn)練]Hisresearchfailed;thatwasheneglectedtheimportanceofteamefforts.

4.Mysuggestionisthatweall(take)anactivepartintheingsportsmeet.

[變式訓(xùn)練]Hesuggested(take)anactivepartintheingsportsmeet.

5.Whatreallymattersisyoudo,youmustdoitwell.

答案:1.hadknown2.where[變式訓(xùn)練]which3.that[變式訓(xùn)練]because4.(should)take[變式訓(xùn)練]taking5.whateverⅡ.語(yǔ)篇填空TheThreeLawsofRoboticsputforwardbyIsaacAsimovare1.weshouldobeywhenproducingrobotsinourreallife.Theserulesarealso2afilmrelatingtorobotstriestodisplaytotheaudience.Inthemovie,people’soriginalthoughtwas3.robotscouldliveinharmonywithhumanbeings.Thatwas4.sincerobotswerewidelyusedinvariousareas,nounpleasantthingshadhappened.Thatwas5.manexpected.However,withtheadvancementoftechnology,thefactwas6.somerobotsdevelopedhumanemotions.Itlooked7.therobotswouldtakecontrolofhumanbeings.Thatwas8.peopleworried.

答案:1.what2.what3.that4.becausewhat6.that7.asif8.whatPart2Integratedskills，Extendedreading,Project,Assessment,Furtherstudy基礎(chǔ)單詞1.shelf n.(pl.shelves)(書(shū)架等的)架子,擱板2.contrary adj.相反的,相對(duì)立的;截然不同的3.aboard prep.&adv.在(車、船、飛機(jī)等)上,上(車、船、飛機(jī)等)4.washroom n.洗手間,廁所5.uniform n.制服;隊(duì)服 adj.一致的,統(tǒng)一的6.eagle n.雕7.dive vi.俯沖;跳水;潛水 n.沖,撲,俯沖;潛水;跳水8.thunder vi.轟隆隆地響;打雷 n.雷,雷聲9.meanwhile adv.同時(shí);其間;對(duì)比之下10.drag vt.拖,拉;緩慢而費(fèi)力地移動(dòng)11.chaos n.混亂,雜亂12.navy n.海軍,海軍部隊(duì)13.bleed vi.(bled,bled)失血,流血14.plot n.陰謀;故事情節(jié) vi.&vt.密謀15.sink vi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉,沉沒(méi);坐下;降低16.reform vt.改進(jìn),改良,改革 n.改革,改良17.output n.產(chǎn)量,輸出量18.cloth n.織物,布料19.shift n.改變,轉(zhuǎn)移;輪班 vi.&vt.(使)移動(dòng),(使)轉(zhuǎn)移;改變20.cottage n.小屋,村舍閱讀單詞1.hell n.地獄;苦難的經(jīng)歷,悲慘的境況2.rub vt.&vi.擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦

3.deck n.甲板,艙面4.hatch vt.密謀,策劃;使孵出 vi.孵化;孵出5.infamy n.臭名昭著,聲名狼藉;惡行,罪惡6.episode n.一段經(jīng)歷,片段;一集7.textile n.紡織品;(復(fù)數(shù))紡織業(yè)拓展單詞1.adoptvt.采用,采取;領(lǐng)養(yǎng),收養(yǎng)→adoptionn.采用;收養(yǎng);接受→adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的;被采用的→adoptern.收養(yǎng)者→adopteen.被收養(yǎng)者2parisonn.對(duì)比;比較→parev.比較,對(duì)比;與……類比→parableadj.可比較的;比得上的→parativeadj.比較的;相當(dāng)?shù)?.packv.塞進(jìn),擠進(jìn);收拾;打包n.包,包裹→packedadj.充滿/塞滿……的4.violentlyadv.猛烈地,厲害地;強(qiáng)烈地,激烈地→violentadj.暴力的;猛烈的→violencen.暴力;侵犯;激烈5.freezev.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;結(jié)冰;凍僵→freezern.冰箱;冷凍庫(kù)→freezingadj.結(jié)冰的;極冷的→frozenadj.凍結(jié)的6.memorialn.紀(jì)念碑(或像等);紀(jì)念物→memoryn.記憶,記憶力;內(nèi)存→memorizev.記住,背熟;記憶7.prayvi.&vt.企盼,祈求;祈禱,禱告→prayern.祈禱,禱告;懇求;祈禱文→prayerfuladj.虔誠(chéng)的;常常禱告的詞塊積累1.contraryto 與……相反2.onthecontrary 正相反3.cottageindustry 家庭手工業(yè)4.putsb.ingravedanger使某人身陷極度的危險(xiǎn)5.beloadedwithgifts裝載著禮物6.inlinewithone’swill按照某人的意愿7.bearwitnesstothelonghistory見(jiàn)證悠久的歷史8.bemarkedwithamemorial以紀(jì)念碑為標(biāo)志句型鞏固1.在襲擊發(fā)生后的混亂中，美國(guó)海軍給他的家人發(fā)了一個(gè)消息，說(shuō)路易斯在襲擊中喪生了。Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.路易和拉塞爾永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記襲擊的可怕場(chǎng)面，但他們很幸運(yùn)，是亞利桑那號(hào)戰(zhàn)艦為數(shù)不多的幸存者之一。2.Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.拉塞爾被從水里救了出來(lái)，但他被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻罅砍鲅?。LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.3.在37對(duì)兄弟中，拉賽爾和他的兄弟是唯一在襲擊中幸存的一對(duì)。Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.4.第二天，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)發(fā)表了著名的“珍珠港演說(shuō)”，在演說(shuō)中，他把12月7日描述為“一個(gè)將永遠(yuǎn)背負(fù)恥辱的日子”。Thenextday,PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamousPearlHarborSpeech,inwhichhedescribedDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”5.他們來(lái)這里是為了看珍珠港底部的船的影子，了解這次襲擊，向那些在襲擊中喪生的人表示敬意，并為世界和平祈禱。TheyetoseetheshadowoftheshipatthebottomofPearlHarbor,tolearnabouttheattack,toshowrespectforthosewhohadlosttheirlivesintheattackandtoprayforworldpeace.課文語(yǔ)法填空HellestoPearlHarborItwasSunday,December7,1941.Asusual,thewake-upcall1.______(e)at5：45a．m.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.Suddenly,theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.ThescreamofJapaneseplanes'engineswasdeafening.Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycameto2.—_____(he)andrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussell3.________(throw)morethan100metersacrosstheship.Louiswasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpothers4.____wereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.After5._______(receive)theordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleeding6.______(heavy).Fortunately,hewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefused7._____(talk)aboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell”．LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,8.___theywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.9.____total,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Althoughabouteightdecadeshaspassed,theattackonPearlHarbor,oneofthe10._____(dark)episodesinAmericanhistory,willneverbeforgotten.答案：1.came2.himself3.wasthrown4.who5.receiving6.heavily7.totalk8.but9.In10.darkest課時(shí)作業(yè)Part1課時(shí)作業(yè)單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Someeducationexpertsproposethatteachersshouldtakesomeofthe(負(fù)荷)offthestudents.

2.Ithinkwecansafely(不予考慮)theirobjectionunlesstheycookupaconvincingexplanation.

3.Developmentsonthisissuewillbedealtwithina(隨后的)report.

4.Keepyourreceiptas(證據(jù))ofpurchase.

5．Tomis______(隊(duì)長(zhǎng))oftheschoolbasketballteamnow.6．Thehouseissooldthatitsroof______(漏)wheneveritrains.7．Youshouldplanyour______(路線)inadvance,usingmainroadsasfaraspossible.8．Shegotintoa_____(恐慌)whenshethoughtshe'dforgottenthetickets.9．Thebossdecidesto_____(解雇)himbecauseitisobviousthatheisnotsuitableforthejob.10．TheattackcausedgreatdamagetotheBritish_____(艦隊(duì))．答案:1.of5.captain6.leaks7.route8.panic9.dismiss10.fleetII.語(yǔ)境填詞1.I’m(convince)ofherinnocence.

2.Hewasoneofthemost(influence)performersofmodernjazz.

3.TheskyrocketinghousingpricesinsomemajorcitiesinChinahavecreatedanacute(short)ofaffordablehousingforthepoor.

4.Theexplorersfoundthelandswerealivewithan(astonish)varietyofwildlife.

5．Buildinga_______(harmony)societyneedstheactiveparticipationofeveryone.6．Wemustpullourpanyoutofthe_______(finance)crisisassoonaspossible.7．Theagreementwehavereachedwillhelpto________(strength)thecooperationbetweenus.8．Allpassengersarerequiredtocheckinatleastanhourbefore_________(depart)．9.Thisdeadlinewillbeextendedonlyin__________（exception）circumstances.10.Therearesomanygreatworksof________(literary)thatIamabsorbedinitalldaylong.答案:1.convinced2.influential3.shortage4.astonishing5.harmonious6.financial7.strengthen8.departure9.exceptional10.literature單句情景寫(xiě)作他不顧后果，毅然決然地做了那件事。（regardlessof）____________________________________________________________________2.請(qǐng)把這些文件分類，并用夾子把它們夾在一起。（sortout;并列句）____________________________________________________________________3.盡管昨晚發(fā)生了意想不到的暴風(fēng)雪，游客們?nèi)詧?jiān)持按計(jì)劃行事。（insiston；despite）____________________________________________________________________4.我想代表學(xué)生會(huì)向?qū)W校提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題。（onbehalfof）____________________________________________________________________5.與普遍的看法相反，高智商的學(xué)生并不一定會(huì)取得學(xué)業(yè)上的成功。（contrary;notnecessarily）6.除了天色已晚之外,還下起了雨,這使得行程更加艱難。(Ontopof;定語(yǔ)從句）____________________________________________________________________7.中國(guó)只擁有全世界10%的可耕地(arableland),養(yǎng)活了世界22%的人口。(Coveranareaof;manageto)_____________________________________________________________________答案：1.Hewentaheadanddidit,regardlessoftheconsequences.

2.Sortoutthesepapersandfastenthemtogetherwithaclip,please.

3.Thetouristsinsistedonkeepingtotheirplandespitetheunexpectedsnowstormlastnight.

4.I’dliketorepresentaproblemtotheschoolonbehalfoftheStudentUnion.

5.Contrarytopopularbelief,highlyintelligentstudentsdonotnecessarilyachieveacademicsuccess.

6.Ontopofitbeingdark,itrained,whichmadethegoingeventougher.7.Coveringanareaofonly10%oftheworld’sarableland，Chinamanagestofeed22%oftheworld’spopulation.Part2課時(shí)作業(yè)I.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Temperaturebees(一致的)byheatconductionuntilfinallyapermanentstateisreached.

2.The(改革)haverecentlybeelawthateveryoneshouldobey.

3.Yesterday’smeetingwasintendedto(制訂)asurvivalstrategyforthepartyaftertheCivilWarbrokeout.

4.Manufacturing(產(chǎn)量)hasincreasedby8%thesethreeyears.

5．Thebookyouneedisputonthe____(架子)inthecornerofthelibrary.6．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbut______(同時(shí))herespectsothers'religiousfreedom.7．Ifyoubrushyourteethtoohard,yourmouthmaystartto____(流血)．8．We'reinastateofplete_____(混亂)soweneedalittletimetosortourselvesout.9．Idecidedto_____(打包)afewthingsandhaveaholidayinthecountryside.10．Letmecheckontheputertoseeifthereisanyroom_______（）.答案：1.uniform2.reforms3.plot4.output5.shelf6.meanwhile7.bleed8.chaos9.pack10.availableII.語(yǔ)境填詞1.Thetearsrushed(violent)fromhereyesandshebrokeoutintoloudsobs.

2.Thefilmbearsfavorabletechnical(pare)withHollywoodproductionscosting10timesasmuch.

3.Theboyinblueshirt,agedabout11,looks(freeze)withfear.

4.Idon’twanttocountmychickensbeforethe