高考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)突破：閱讀理解之推理判斷題（題型解讀解題技巧）解析版

高考題型逐個(gè)擊破-閱讀理解之推理判斷題

題型解讀

推理判斷題解題三步曲

1.定位信息、：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。

2.字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)字面意義。

3.深層理解：進(jìn)而理解作者的言外之意。

推理判斷題干擾項(xiàng)特征

1.似是而非：只是對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重述，而不是依據(jù)文章提供事實(shí)依據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。

2.夸大事實(shí)：對(duì)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)進(jìn)行夸大；有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文一致無(wú)需推斷。

3.推理過度：選項(xiàng)往往過于絕對(duì)化或片面化(以偏概全)，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)。nly,all等詞語(yǔ)。

4.摻入常識(shí)：根據(jù)考生已有常識(shí)是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來的結(jié)論。

推理判斷題五大解題技巧

1.抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)利用逆向思維或正面推理。

2.整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷。整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，綜合推理判斷定結(jié)論。

3.利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷。考慮主人公特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)褒貶性來推斷。

4.根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者思想傾向和感情色彩隱含在字里行間。

5.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)論點(diǎn)例證來推理。

閱讀理解推理判斷題分類點(diǎn)撥

人物態(tài)度推斷題

一是樂觀支持類：positive肯定的favorable支持的，贊同的supportive支持的approval贊成的

二是客觀中立類：objective客觀的neutral中立的cautious謹(jǐn)慎的

三是消極反對(duì)類:negative否定的opposite相反的unfair公正的doubtful懷疑的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的critical

批評(píng)的ironic諷刺的。

方法點(diǎn)撥：第一，不要加入自己的態(tài)度。第二，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者在文章中所運(yùn)用詞匯的褒貶性去判斷作者

的態(tài)度，尤其是動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，如wonderfully,successfully,unfortunately,doubtfully等。

文章出處推斷題

技巧點(diǎn)撥：這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：

旅游指南類文章(atravelguide)：此類文章旨在介紹某一旅游景點(diǎn)的自然景觀和人文特色，目的是吸引游客

來訪。

廣告英語(yǔ)類文章(anadvertisement)：現(xiàn)代生活中廣告無(wú)處不在，英語(yǔ)閱讀理解也是如此。有時(shí)會(huì)考查微型海

報(bào)、通知、啟小、時(shí)刻表、圖表等。

課件展示類文章(aclasspresentation)：此類文章往往緊扣主題，口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)、語(yǔ)言活潑，形式新穎，伴隨有圖

片、圖表、文字介紹等信息。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)頁(yè)類文章(anInternetpage)：此類文章往往會(huì)提供超級(jí)鏈接標(biāo)志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclick

here.

新聞報(bào)道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時(shí)政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、

突發(fā)性和真實(shí)性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容，下面陳述細(xì)節(jié)。

研究報(bào)告類文章(aresearchpaper)：此類文章重點(diǎn)介紹科技領(lǐng)域最新研究成果：新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新思想、新發(fā)明。

第一段概括介紹，然后分段陳述。文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，句式復(fù)雜。

圖書評(píng)論類文章(abookreview)：書評(píng)、影評(píng)類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評(píng)論，寫作特色

以及個(gè)人好惡等內(nèi)容。

科普雜志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、

創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動(dòng)物世界等。其重點(diǎn)是普及科學(xué)知識(shí)，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。

預(yù)測(cè)下段推斷題

技巧點(diǎn)撥：1)從第一段入手。實(shí)用類說明文只要考生把握好第一段即主題段內(nèi)容，順藤摸瓜，即可推斷下段

內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是主題段中尚未提及的內(nèi)容。2)從最后一段入手。有時(shí)候，作者在最后一段提到一個(gè)話題，但是沒

有充分說明，因此需要在下一段就此問題深入分析、論述或討論。所以考生學(xué)會(huì)依據(jù)最后一段甚至最后一句

話進(jìn)行推斷也不失為明智選擇。

解題技巧

題型特點(diǎn)要清楚

(一)推理判斷題題干常用詞

一般來說，推理判斷題題干中主要包括下面的詞語(yǔ):knowabout,learnfrom,infer,imply,suggest,conclude,

purpose,attitude,probably,mostlikely等。

(二)推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征

推理判斷題中的正確選項(xiàng)是依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)推斷出的符合邏輯的結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)，正確選項(xiàng)一般具

有以下特征：

1.“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。

2.選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，

會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,

probably等。

(三)推理判斷題干擾選項(xiàng)特征

1.曲解文意：即推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來自文章中的某一句或某幾

句話，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思

的曲解。

2.張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆在一起。題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出

現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀點(diǎn)；題干問的是其他人的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。

3.偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)

單詞，造成句意的改變。

4.無(wú)中生有：這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信

息支撐點(diǎn)。其次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問題毫不相干。

5.魚目混珠：魚目混珠類型的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面

含義代替其在文章特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義。

6.擴(kuò)縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文意范圍的限定,有時(shí)通過加上almost,

all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語(yǔ)對(duì)文意加以限制。"擴(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項(xiàng)中通過改變或

去掉限制性詞語(yǔ)，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。

做這類題目時(shí)，容易用自己的理解和觀點(diǎn)替代文章的真正含義和作者的觀點(diǎn)，或者由文中其他事實(shí)和

證據(jù)得出結(jié)論，并非由題干相關(guān)的證據(jù)所得，因此，解題時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真分析題干信息，著眼文章，準(zhǔn)確定

位。

新題速遞

（一）

（2024?云南昆明?三模）Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldoffera

continuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseofclimatechange,anew

studyhasfound.

Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefromnativeplantsthatfloat

intheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts（筏），risingandfillingwiththewaters.Historically,theywereusedto

continuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.

Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgardensthatfloatinthe

water.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelp

feedthevegetableplants.

Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswantedtounderstand

whetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamilies

andfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedrural

populationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.

Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid（雜交）seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowa

diverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendup

spendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefits

outweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthe

gardensasfromtraditionalricefields.

However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans（貸款）tocovertheinvestment

costsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsible

governmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.

1.Howdovegetableplantsgrowaccordingtothetext?

A.Byabsorbingnutritionfromraft-plants.B.Bytakingshelterfromclimatechange.

C.Bylivingtogetherwithhybridseeds.D.Bymovingupanddownwithraisedbeds.

2.Whatmightbeareplyfromfarmingfamiliesinterviewed?

A."Ourlifebecomestoughwhenriversflood."B."Fewervegetablesareplantedwhenwaterrises.9,

C.a4Weharvestmuchmorefoodduringrainyseasons.D.""Climatechangehaslittleinfluenceonour

income.^^

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"outweighed“inparagraph5mean?

A.Affected.B.Brought.C.Beat.D.Equaled.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Asolutiontoclimateproblemhasbeenfound.B.Thegardensarebuiltwithrottednativeplants.

C.Farmersearnmorefromtraditionalricefields.D.Low-interestloanslightenthestressoffarmers.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D

【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了孟加拉國(guó)為在汛期種植糧食而建造的浮動(dòng)花園。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyrelease

nutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.（他們?cè)谀痉だ锓N蔬菜。當(dāng)木筏植物腐爛時(shí)，它們會(huì)釋放營(yíng)養(yǎng)物

質(zhì)，幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。）”可知，蔬菜植物是吸收木筏植物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)的。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章"Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardens

providestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily*sincome.

（他們采訪了農(nóng)業(yè)家庭，發(fā)現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，無(wú)論是在可供農(nóng)村人口食用的食物量方面，還是在農(nóng)

業(yè)家庭的收入方面，浮動(dòng)花園都提供了穩(wěn)定性。）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)家庭收入很穩(wěn)定，所以氣候變化對(duì)收入影響

不大。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoney

fromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.”可知，一位農(nóng)民告訴研究小組，他從菜園中賺到的錢是從傳統(tǒng)

稻田中賺到的錢的四倍，故此處想表達(dá)的是即使農(nóng)民最終會(huì)在殺蟲劑和肥料上花一些錢，但是收益也會(huì)大

于成本。故outweighed意為“大于故選C項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段"However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans（貸

款）tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily;therearealso

lower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.

（然而，在獲得利潤(rùn)之前，農(nóng)民往往會(huì)獲得高息貸款（貸款）以支付填充床和儲(chǔ)存植物的投資成本。幸運(yùn)的

是；負(fù)責(zé)任的政府或非政府組織也提供低息貸款，可以減輕這種負(fù)擔(dān)。）”可推知，作者想表達(dá)負(fù)責(zé)任的政

府或非政府組織提供低息貸款，減輕了農(nóng)民的壓力。故選D項(xiàng)。

（三）

（2024?福建龍巖?二模）WhenIwasyoung,Ihadawrongunderstandingofbeinggreat.IbelievedIwasspecial

anddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.Iwasgoingtolivemydreamratherthanbeinga

“normal“person.Butastimepassed,realitysetinandmyperspectivechanged.

Iamateacher,marriedtoasalesmanwithababyandamortgage（按揭貸款）.Couldmylifebemorenormal?

Yet,Iamokaywiththis.

WereItohaveaconversationwithmytwenty-year-oldself,shewouldn'tunderstandwhyI'mnotgoingto

NYCtogetanaudition（試演）.Infouryearsmycoworkershaveneverheardmesing.IfPdboughtahouse,it

shouldhavebeeninaninterestingneighborhoodwithcoffeehousesateverycorner.Shewouldlaughatthecomer

houseintheneighborhoodInowcallhome.

ButIknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.Iknowwhatit

meanstoworkforlove,notjustsittingbackandlettingithappenthewayitcanwhenyou'reyoung.Iknowabout

bringinglifeintotheworld,andthecomplexityofemotions.

Mylifeissimple.Itissmall,andmayseeminterchangeablewithsomanyotherlivesthere.Imaynevermake

animpactoutsidemyhouse.ButI'velearneditisimportanttoberelative.Tomylittlegirl,Iamirreplaceable.

Whenshecries,shecallsfor"Mama”.Whenshereachesout,ifsformealone.So,isitasmalllife?It'sperfectly

finetome.Infact,Ithinkit'swhatPvewantedallalong.

5.Whatwastheauthorlikewhenshewasyoung?

A.Shewashonest.B.Shewasbrave.

C.Shewasproud.D.Shewascautious.

6.Whydoestheauthorimaginetalkingtohertwenty-year-oldself?

A.Toshowshehasbecomemature.B.Toproveherdreamhascometrue.

C.Torevealthekeytohersuccess.D.Tointroduceherpresentunhappiness.

7.Whatistheauthor'spresentfocus?

A.Learningthecomplexityofemotions.B.Openingherhearttotheworld.

C.Livingwithherdaughterspecially.D.Caringforherfamily.

8.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthetext?

A.Wecanachieveourdreamsifweworkhard.

B.Wewillcomebacktoanormallifesomeday.

C.Weshouldkeepincontactwithourfamilies.

D.Wecanbetheonewefeelsatisfiedwith.

【答案】5.C6.A7.D8.B

【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者年輕時(shí)認(rèn)為自己將會(huì)有不平凡的人生，直到成年之后她

才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的人生最終歸于了平淡，平凡的生活和照顧家人才是自己一直想要的。

5.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第一段"WhenIwasyoung,Ihadawrongunderstandingofbeinggreat.IbelievedIwas

specialanddifferentandshouldberichandfamousbecauseofmytalent.（當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候，我對(duì)偉大有一個(gè)錯(cuò)

誤的理解。我相信我是特別的，與眾不同的，應(yīng)該因?yàn)槲业奶熨x而變得富有和出名。）”可知，作者年輕的

時(shí)候認(rèn)為自己很特別并且與眾不同，由此可以推斷作者是一個(gè)驕傲的人。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ShewouldlaughatthecomerhouseintheneighborhoodInowcallhome.（她會(huì)嘲

笑我現(xiàn)在稱之為家的那個(gè)角落里的房子。）”可知，年輕時(shí)的作者可能不會(huì)理解現(xiàn)在自己的處境，第四段“But

Iknowthingsshedidn'tknow.Lifeissomuchmorecomplicated,wonderfulandterrible.（但我矢口道——些她不矢口道

的事。生活是如此復(fù)雜，精彩和可怕。）”說明作者經(jīng)歷了一些事情之后認(rèn)知發(fā)生了變化，所以作者想象和

二十歲的自己對(duì)話是為了表明她變得成熟了。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Iamateacher,marriedtoasalesmanwithababyandamortgage（按揭貸款）.Could

mylifebemorenormal?Yet,Iamokaywiththis.（我是一名教師，嫁給了一名推銷員，有孩子，還欠著房貸。

我的生活能更平常一點(diǎn)嗎？然而，我對(duì)此沒有意見。）”和最后一段“Tomylittlegirl,lamirreplaceable.When

shecries,shecallsfor"Mama”.Whenshereachesout,it*sformealone.So,isitasmalllife?Ifsperfectlyfineto

me.Infact,IthinkifswhatTvewantedallalong.（對(duì)我的小女兒來說，我是不可替代的。當(dāng)她哭的時(shí)候，她呼

喚“媽媽”。她要是主動(dòng)找人，就只找我一個(gè)人。所以，這是一個(gè)渺小的生活嗎？對(duì)我來說完全沒問題。事實(shí)

上，我覺得這是我一直想要的。）”可知，作者目前的焦點(diǎn)是照顧她的家庭。故選D項(xiàng)。

8.推理判斷題。文章第一段主要講述作者年輕時(shí)認(rèn)為自己將會(huì)有不平凡的人生，后面幾段講述直到成年之

后她才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的人生最終歸于了平淡，平凡的生活和照顧家人才是自己一直想要的。所以作者在文中

想要告訴我們的是，我們每個(gè)人的生活最終會(huì)歸于平凡。故選B項(xiàng)。

（四）

（2024?浙江?三模）Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohavea

solutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusing

tomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewas

veryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworth

morethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.

Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwere

includedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.These

associationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt's

fortunateproperties.

Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwith

healthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone*swell-being.InBritain,forexample,

eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringing

misfortune.

ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLast

Supper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymany

Christians.

Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindthe

Devil.

9.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause.

A.itwasaChristianfaithB.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortune

C.itwoulddecreaseone^lifespanD.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative“probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Protector.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroducethehistoryofsalt.B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.

C.Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.

【答案】9.C10.A11.C

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spilling

saltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,

whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.（因止匕，它與健康和長(zhǎng)壽聯(lián)系在一起。在一

些文化中，灑鹽被認(rèn)為會(huì)降低幸福感。例如，在英國(guó)，每一粒灑下的谷物據(jù)說代表一滴眼淚，而在德國(guó)，

灑下的鹽喚醒了魔鬼，帶來了不幸）”可知，人們可能認(rèn)為撒鹽會(huì)帶來厄運(yùn)，是因?yàn)檫@會(huì)縮短人的壽命。故選

Co

10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Itpreventsfoodfh）mgoingbad.（它可以防止食物變質(zhì)）”可知，鹽可以防止

食物變質(zhì)，所以是是一種很好的食物保護(hù)物，即劃線詞意思是“保護(hù)物”。A.Protector.保護(hù)物；B.Flavor.風(fēng)

味；C.Medium.中等；D.Solution.解決方案。故選A。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manycultures

alsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmay

seemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.

（在許多文化中，灑鹽被認(rèn)為是不吉利的。幸運(yùn)的是，許多文化也有解決這個(gè)問題的辦法，通常是在你身后

灑一撮鹽。這可能讓現(xiàn)代人感到困惑，但知道鹽曾經(jīng)非常有價(jià)值可以改變這種看法）”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了

世界上一些關(guān)于灑鹽的觀念以及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋一些關(guān)于灑鹽的信仰。

故選Co

（五）

（2024?湖南?長(zhǎng)沙三模）WhenKirkAlexanderwentmissingfor11days,anunlikelysaviorcametohisrescue：

hisneighborhoodpizzastore.

Almosteverynightformorethantenyears.KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,Oregonorderedalatedinnerfrom

hislocalDomino'spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallforasalad,sometimesapie,

sometimeschickenwings.TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino'swasthattheywouldsee

Alexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesa

week.

Untilsuddenly,fornearlytwoweeksattheendofApril2016,theydidn't.

ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino'sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldno

longerignoreAlexander'srecentabsence.

“Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,FullertoldKATU.com.t4Itwas11

days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.^^

FullerknewAlexanderworkedfromhome,andneighborssaidherarelyleft.Shealsoknewthathehad

sufferedsomehealthissuesinthepast.Something,Fullerworried,waswrong.

Around1a.m.onSunday.May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinat

Alexander'shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander'sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.Hecould

plainlyseethatAlexander'sTVsetwason,aswerehislights;butafterseveralminutes,Alexanderstilldidn*t

answerthedoor.

HamblenrushedbacktothestoretorelaytheupsettingdevelopmentstoFuller.SheencouragedHamblento

dial911.Soon,officerswereontheirway.

WhendeputiesfromtheMarionCountySheriffsofficearrivedatAlexander'shouse,theyheardaman

“callingforhelpfrominsidetheresidence,deputiessaid.Theybrokethedoordown,andfoundAlexanderonthe

floorinneedofimmediatemedicalattention.Onedaylater,andtheymighthavebeentoolate.

AlexanderwasrushedtoSalemHospital,wherehewaslistedinstableconditionshortlyafterthedramatic

rescue.Inthefollowingweeks,Fuller,Hamblen,andotherstoreemployeeswenttovisithimwithflowersand

cards,notingthatAlexandergreetedthemwithknowingsmiles.

12.HowdidFullersensethatsomethingwaswrong?

A.SheknewAlexanderhadserioushealthproblems.

B.Alexanderhadn'torderedchickenwingsfornearly2weeks.

C.Alexanderhadneverbeforebrokenhisroutineinthestorefor10years.

D.Alexanderhaddisappearedfromthestore'sorderingsystemforabout2weeks.

13.Whatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?

A.HamblenwasfondofknockingatAlexander'sdoor.

B.HamblenwasmorethananacquaintancetoAlexander.

C.EverytimeHamblenarrivedatAlexander'shouse,hewouldknockfirst.

D.WhenHamblenhadenoughtimeinthepast,hewouldgotoAlexander'shouse.

14.Inwhichcolumnofanewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?

A.Life.B.Technology.C.Healthy.D.Entertainment.

15.Thesayingwecanlearnfromthestoryis_.

A.Bornindistress,dieinpeaceB.Detailsdeterminesuccessorfailure

C.EventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerrorD.Betterlatethannever

【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.B

【分析】本文為記敘文。講述了細(xì)心周到的外賣店經(jīng)理通過觀察到?？蚄irkAlexander打破了每天訂餐的

習(xí)慣，派人上門了解情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk患病在家，及時(shí)報(bào)警，從而救了Kirk性命的經(jīng)過。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“力wentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,Fullertold

KATU.com.4"Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatalL”（Fuller對(duì)KATU.com說：“我抬頭看了看，他上次點(diǎn)

餐是多久以前的事，發(fā)現(xiàn)是11天前的事了，這完全不像他的風(fēng)格?！睆V可知，F(xiàn)uller是通過發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk最近已

經(jīng)有11天（差不多兩周）沒有在外賣店下單了，感覺到不對(duì)勁了。故選D。

13.推理判斷題o木艮據(jù)第二段“Almosteverynightformorethantenyears.KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,Oregon

orderedalatedinnerfromhislocalDomino'spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallfora

salad,sometimesapie,sometimeschickenwings.TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino*s

wasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.and

midnightseveraltimesaweek.（十多年來幾乎每晚，俄勒岡州塞勒姆48歲的KirkAlexander都會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)氐倪_(dá)

美樂披薩店點(diǎn)了一份晚餐。他沒有指定要什么吃的。有時(shí)他要沙拉，有時(shí)要派，有時(shí)要雞翅。對(duì)西弗頓路

達(dá)美樂的員工來說，唯一可以肯定的是，他們會(huì)在每周幾次的晚上11點(diǎn)到午夜的某個(gè)時(shí)間看到亞歷山大的

名字出現(xiàn)在他們的在線訂購(gòu)網(wǎng)站上）”以及畫線部分上文“Around1a.m.onSunday.May8,Fullersentlongtime

deliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander'shome.（周日5月8日凌晨1點(diǎn)左右，F(xiàn)uller讓長(zhǎng)期送貨

司機(jī)TraceyHamblen去了Alexander的家）”可推知，Alexander經(jīng)常點(diǎn)外賣,而Hamblen是派送員，所以可

推測(cè)Hamblen跟Alexander十分熟識(shí)。故選B。

14.推理判斷題。閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章講述了細(xì)心周到的外賣店經(jīng)理通過觀察到常客KirkAlexander打

破了每天訂餐的習(xí)慣，派人上門了解情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk患病在家，及時(shí)報(bào)警，從而救了Kirk性命的經(jīng)過。

本文屬于生活故事，應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“生活”欄目。故選A。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino'sgeneralmanagerSarah

FullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander'srecentabsence.（5月7日，這是一個(gè)周六晚上，時(shí)間過得很慢，

達(dá)美樂的總經(jīng)理SarahFuller覺得她不能再忽視Alexander最近的缺席了）“可知，外賣店經(jīng)理通過細(xì)心觀察，

察覺到了顧客Kirk點(diǎn)餐習(xí)慣發(fā)生的變化，最后救了Kirk的命，告訴了我們“細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗”的道理。故選B。

（六）

（2024廣東梅州?二模）FieldTripsYourStudentsActuallyWanttoGoOn

Someofthebestmemoriesfromgradeschoolaremadeatfieldtrips.Fieldtripsofferstudentssomethingthey

can'tgetfromlecturesortextbookpages-hands-onfun!HerearesomemetroDetroitattractionstovisitwith

yourstudents.They'regreatplacestomakememoriesand,ofcourse,learnsomethingtoo!

1.BelleIsleNatureCenter(Detroit)

Availability:Wednesday,ThursdayorFridayat10:30a.m.,11:30a.m.or12:30p.m.

Admission:Free

Enjoybothindoorandoutdooranimalexhibits.Programsincludeadeerfeeding,ahands-onactivityand

discoverytime.

2.MichiganScienceCenter(Detroit)

Availability:Wednesday-Friday(hoursvary,alsoTuesdaysfromOct.8,2021,toJan.7,2022)

Admission:Variesbyexperienceyouselect

Interactwithmorethan250hands-onexhibitsthatexplorespace,health,physicalscience,engineeringand

more.

3.DiamondJack*sRiverTours(Detroit)

Availability:Monday-Friday,May1toOct.31,at9:30a.m.,10:30a.m.,11:30a.m.or12:30p.m.

Admission:$9/person

Sec16milesoftheU.S.andCanadaDetroitRivershoreline,ocean-goingandGreatLakesships,alight

house,diefireboat,parks,shipterminals,amailboatandmuchmore.

4.Arts&Scraps(Detroit)

Availability:Monday,WednesdayorFriday

Admission:Variesbyageandnumberingroup

Letyourstudents*imaginationsrunwild.They'llthink,createandlearnwhilere-imaginingrecycledindustrial

materials.Youcancreateacustomizedtopic.

16.Whichofthefollowingfieldtripsisrelatedtoastronomy?

A.ArtsScraps.B.MichiganScienceCenter.

C.BelleIsleNatureCenter.D.DiamondJack'sRiverTours.

17.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?

A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Students.D.Scientists.

18.Whatare"fieldtrips“accordingtothepassage?

A.Theyarelecturesthattakeplaceinopenfields.

B.Theyarecampsthatallchargeforanentrancefee.

C.Theyarevisitstostudysomethingawayfromschool.

D.Theyaretoursconnectedwithnatureandphysicalscience.

【答案】16.B17.A18.C

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)實(shí)地考察項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容及開放時(shí)間等。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目MichiganScienceCenter部分“Interactwithmorethan250hands-onexhibits

thatexplorespace,health,physicalscience,engineeringandmore.（與250多個(gè)探索太空、健康、物理科學(xué)、工

程及更多的可以親身體驗(yàn)的展品互動(dòng)。）”可知，MichiganScienceCenter與天文學(xué)有關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“HerearesomemetroDetroitattractionstovisitwithyourstudents.（這里有一些

可以和你的學(xué)生一起參觀的大都市底特律的景點(diǎn)。）”可知，本文是寫給老師的。故選A項(xiàng)。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fieldtripsofferstudentssomethingtheycan'tgetfromlecturesortextbook

pages—hands-onfun!（實(shí)地考察給學(xué)生們提供了一些他們從課堂或課本上得不到的東西——親身體驗(yàn)的樂

趣。）”可知，實(shí)地考察是去學(xué)校以外的地方研究一些東西。故選C項(xiàng)。

（七）

（2024?新疆烏魯木齊?一模）Moneydoesn'tgrowontreesbutgolddoes.ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimto

havemadeanewdiscovery-theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesandbranchesoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethat

thetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground,over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeendescribedasthe

firstofitskindintheworld.

Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Ratherthan

drillingdeepholestofindgold,theywillbeabletoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thetreesshowwhatis

happeningundertheearth'ssurface.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldintheleaves.Itwouldtake500treesto

makeonegoldring.ThegoldisfoundusingaspecialX-raymachineandapowerfulmicroscope,whichscanthe

leavesandbranches.

Theclaimisthatthisisthefirsttimethatgoldparticleshavebeenfoundinlivingmaterial.However,this

mightnotbetrue.AncientChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesand

mineralsunderneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindminerals-andthatwasthousandsofyearsago.Inthe

ZhouDynasty,itwaswritteninabookthatacertainplantgrewonlyneardeposits（礦床）ofgold.Overthenext

2,000years,Chinesepeoplewroteaboutdifferentplantsandhowtheygrew,showingwheremineralsandprecious

stonessuchasjade,copper,lead,silverandgoldwereEvenmoreimportantly,inthe1000s,SuSongdescribedhow

Portulacaplantscouldyieldmercuryifcrushed,driedandallowedtodecay（腐爛）.Thatwascertainlythefirsttime

everthatametalwasobtainedfromaplant.

ThePreviousSecretsoftheRealmoftheKingofXin,writtenduringtheMingDynasty,describedhow

differentmetalswereobservedandextracted（提煉）fromcertainplants.Thisknowledgewasunknownintherest

oftheworlduntilabout1600,whenaBritishmanrealisedthatoaktreesgrewlargerandgreenerwheretherewas

alumintheground.MaybeancientChineseknowledgehasmoretoteachmodemscientists.

19.AccordingtoAustralianscientists,wherecangoldbeprobablyfound?

A.Intherootsoftrees.B.Intheleavesoftrees.

C.Inthetreeseverywhere.D.Intheundergroundneartrees.

20.Howcanwetellwhetherthereisgoldornot?

A.Bydrillingdeepholesinthetrees.

B.Bycuttingtheleavesoftreesintopieces.

C.Byexaminingthesurfaceofthegroundunderthetrees.

D.Byscanningtheleavesandbranchesusingaspecialmicroscope.

21.Whofirstfoundthelinkbetweenplantsandminerals?

A.Australianscientists.B.SuSong.

C.AncientChinesepeople.D.ABritishman.

22.TheauthordevelopsParagraph4mainlyby.

A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisons

C.listingfiguresD.analyzingeffects

【答案】19.B20.D21.C22.B

【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了澳大利亞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在樹葉中可以找到金子，事實(shí)上古代中國(guó)人早就

發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物和礦物質(zhì)之間的聯(lián)系。

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimtohavemadeanewdiscovery—theyhave

foundgoldintheleavesandbranchesoftrees.”可知，澳大利亞西部的科學(xué)家們聲稱他們?cè)跇淙~和樹枝中發(fā)現(xiàn)

了金子，也就是說澳大利亞科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在樹葉中可以找到金子，故B項(xiàng)正確。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"ThegoldisfoundusingaspecialX-raymachineandapowerfulmicroscope,