湖南省五市十校教研教改共同體2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期12月月考英語(yǔ)試題

機(jī)密★啟用前2024年12月高一大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)。全卷滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如有改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdidtheboydojustnow?A.Heboughtarubberduck. B.Hecleanedthefloor. C.Heplayedwithwater.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Ohmy!Lookwhatyouhavedone.Thefloorisallwet.M:Sorry,Mom.IwasplayingwithmyrubberduckwithJaneinthebathtub.Iforgottoturnthetapoff.Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.W:Nowgetoutofhereanddryyourselves.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhydidCamilagotoMary’shouseyesterday?A.Toplayball. B.Toborrowabook. C.Tohavestrawberries.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Mary.Whowasthegirlplayingballwithyounearyourhouseyesterdayafternoon?Shewasjustassweetasastrawberry.W:Oh,shewasmysister’sfriendCamila.Shecameovertoaskforaicbook.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whichsportdoesthemanlike?A.Football. B.Boxing. C.Tennis.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whatteamsportisthemostpopularinyourcountry?M:InBrazil,alargemajorityarecrazyaboutfootball.W:Soareyoualsoafanofit?M:No.I’mfondofplayingtennis.Ihatecontactsports,suchasboxingorkarate.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanetotheman?A.Todosomework. B.Togetsomemedicine. C.Tobuysomefood.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hereissomemedicineforyou.Sinceautumnhasarrived,you’dbettereatlessyogurt.Refrigeratedfoodwilldoharmtoyourstomach.W:Gotit.I’llgetpuremilkandwarmitup.M:Yes,that’sit.Ifyoustillfeelthepain,you’dbettergotoaclinic.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.She’swaitingfortheman.B.She’sgoingtopickupherdaughter.C.Shewantstomakeagoodfirstimpression.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:You’vealreadytriedon10dresses,honey.eon,ourdaughterwillbelateforschool.W:Itismyfirstdayofwork.Therearesomanypeopletoimpress.M:Don’tworry.Youarealwaysthemostbeautifulintown.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.WhosuggestedthatHenryjoinafootballclub?A.Hisroommates. B.Hisfather. C.Thewoman.7.WhatdoesHenrythinkisthebestpartofplayingfootball?A.petingforhonor. B.Winningothers’respect. C.Stayingwithhisteammates.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】W:Henry,areyoualwayscrazyaboutfootballlikethis?M:No.Inhighschool,Iputmyheartintobaseball,asmydadexpected.Butincollege,allofmyroommatesjoinedafootballclub.Theyinvitedmetojoinittoo.Sincethen,I’vepracticedplayingfootballeveryday.W:Well,Ioftenplaybasketballintheparknearmyhouseafterwork.Ithinkbasketballiscoolerandmoreexciting.What’smore,winningapointinabasketballgameismucheasierthanscoringagoalonafootballfield.M:Haha,indeeditis.Butitcanbringthewinningteammuchglory,whichattractsmethemost.W:Certainly,theytrulydeserveourrespectandadmiration.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.HowdidRuthfinallygettoschoolthismorning?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot. C.Bybus.9.HowdidMr.ThompsonlooktoRuth?A.Annoyed. B.Worried. C.Confused.10.Whatwastheweatherlikelastnight?A.Sunny. B.Cloudy. C.Snowy.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Ruth.Iseverythingokay?Youseemabitdown.W:Ihadaterribledaytoday.Inthemorning,mydad’scarranoutofgashalfway.Itwasalmost7:30whenIgotonthebus.Thetrafficwasquiteheavythen.WhenIfinallyrushedintotheclassroom,Mr.ThompsonwasexplainingtheEnglishgrammarrules.Hisfacedarkenedwhenhesawmestandingatthedoor.M:Ohdear!Itwasthesecondtimethatyouhadbeenlateforhisclassthisweek.YouwerelateduetoabrokenalarmclockonMonday.W:Aftergettingofftheschoolbusintheafternoon,Ifelldownontheroad.M:Lastnight,itsnowedheavily,andtheroadturnedquiteicy.W:Yes,Iwishthebeautifulsuncouldeouttomorrow.M:Metoo.I’mfedupwiththecloudsandsnow.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Howmuchmoneywillthewomansave?A.$20. B.$40. C.$60.12.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoaddtoeverythingsheordered?A.Brownbeansandtomatoes.B.Hotsauceandtomatoes.C.Blackbeansandhotsauce.13.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’smean. B.She’scurious. C.She’sthoughtful.【答案】11.A12.B13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,canItakeyourorder?W:IdownloadedacouponfromCoupons.ItsaysIcangetfortydollars’worthofasetmealfortwentydollars.M:OK.Youcanshowthattothecashierwhenyoupay.Thenwhatwouldyoulikeforyoursetmeal?W:Twosteaksandfourchickenwings,please.Beans,tomatoes,andhotsauceonallofthem.M:Wehavebrownbeansandblackbeans.Whatkindofbeansdoyouwant?W:Brownbeansonthesteak,andblackbeansonthechickenwings.M:OK,andhotsauce?W:Yes,butdon’tputtoomuchonthem.Alittlegoesalongway!M:Noproblem.Anychipsordrinks?W:No,thanks.Theyaretogo.I’mbringingeverythingbacktomyparents.They’veneverhadMexicanfoodbefore!M:Oh,you’resosweet!聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatistherelationshipbetweenStuartandJenny?AColleagues. B.Husbandandwife. C.Brotherandsister.15.WhydidStuartquithisjob?A.Hewantedtofindafulltimejob.B.Hiswifewouldhaveababy.C.Hecouldn’taffordchildcare.16.WhathappenedtoAlexandra?A.Sheisstrugglingfinancially.B.Sheissufferingfromhairloss.C.Shegavebirthtoababyseveralweeksago.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Stuartinmyofficequitlastweek.W:Ican’tbelieveit.Didn’thelikethework?M:Notreally.HeandJennyhaveswitchedtoparttimeworkers,sotheycanlookaftertheironlychildthemselves.W:Ican’tunderstandit.Couldyoutellmesomethingmore,Mark?M:Takemeforexample—Ishouldpaythebabysitter120poundsadaywhileI’mpaid80poundsaday.W:NowonderStuartchosetoleavehisjob.M:Forthefirsttimein25years,mysisterAlexandraisstrugglingfinancially.Shejustgavebirthtoakidseveralmonthsago.Totellthetruth,I’malsounderconstantpressureatwork.I’vebeensufferingfromhairlossrecently.Ican’thaveasoundsleep,actually.AndIknowtherearepeopleinamuchworsesituationthanme.W:Don’tworrytoomuch.Everythingwillpass.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhatisPottermostfamousfor?A.Literaryworks. B.Animalprotection. C.Scientificfindings.18.WhatdidPotterdoin1905?A.Shemadeatoy. B.Sheboughtafarm. C.Shegotmarried.19.WhendidPotterpassaway?A.in1905. B.in1913. C.in1943.20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkaboutintheend?A.Potter’sinfluence. B.Potter’shometown. C.Potter’smarriage.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Hi,haveyoueverheardofHelenBeatrixPotter?ShewasanEnglishwriter,illustratorandnaturalscientist.Sheisbestknownforherchildren’sbooksfeaturinganimals,suchasTheTaleofPeterRabbit,whichwasherfirstmerciallypublishedworkin1902.Herbooks,including23tales,havesoldmorethan250millioncopies.In1903,PeterRabbitwasthefirstfictionalcharactertobemadeintoapatentedstuffedtoy,makinghimtheoldestlicensedcharacter.Withtheproceedsfromthebooksandalegacyfromanaunt,in1905PotterbecametheowneroftheHillTopFarminNearSawrey,avillageintheLakeDistrict.Overthefollowingdecades,shepurchasedadditionalfarmstopreservetheuniquehillcountrylandscape.In1913,attheageof47,shemarriedWilliamHeelis,arespectedlocallawyerwithanofficeinHawkshead.Potterdiedon22ndDecember1943atherhomeinNearSawrey,leavingalmostallherpropertytotheNationalTrust.SheiscreditedwithpreservingmuchofthelandthatnowmakesuptheLakeDistrictNationalPark.Potter’sbookscontinuetosellwellthroughouttheworldinmanylanguageswithherstoriesbeingretoldinsongs,films,andballet,andherlifeisdescribedintwofilmsandatelevisionseries.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGlobalGreenInnovation(創(chuàng)新)Challenge2024DearInnovators,WearethrilledtoannouncetheGlobalGreenInnovationChallenge2024,aninternationalpetitionaimedatinspiringcreativesolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.TheeventwilltakeplaceonlinefromApril5thtoApril10th,bringingtogetheryoungmindsfromacrosstheglobe.ChallengeCategories:Participantscanchoosefromthefollowingcategories:1.SustainableEnergy:Proposenewmethodstoharnesscleanandrenewableenergy.2.WasteManagement:Designsystemsforreducing,reusing,orrecyclingwaste.3.SmartAgriculture:Developinnovativewaystoimproveagriculturalefficiencyandsustainability.WhoCanApply:·Opentoindividualsandteamsofuptofivemembersaged1830.·Applicantsshouldsubmitadetailedprojectproposal(1,0001,500words)inEnglish.AwardsandBenefits:·Winnersineachcategorywillreceive$5,000infundingtoimplement(實(shí)施)theirprojects.·Topthreewillgainaccesstomentorshipprogramswithindustryleadersandinvitationstoglobalsustainabilityconferences.HowtoApply:1.Visitgreenglobalchallengetofillouttheapplicationform.2.SubmityourprojectproposalbyFebruary28th,2024.Formoreinformation,contactusatcontact@greenglobalchallenge.Joinusinshapingasustainablefuture!Sincerely,TheOrganizingTeam21.Whatdoesthepetitionfocuson?A.Creativeminds. B.Onlineteamwork.C.Internationalproblems. D.Solutionstoenvironmentalissues.22.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereisnoagelimitforapplicants.B.TheprojectproposalcanbesubmittedinFrench.C.Therearethreetypestobechosenforparticipants.D.ThedeadlineofsubmissionofyourprojectproposalisMarch28th,2024.23.Whatawardsandbenefitsdowinnersreceive?A.Topthreearelikelytobeindustryleaders.B.Winnersineachcategorywillreceive$50,000.C.Topthreewillbeinvitedtoglobalsustainabilitymeetings.D.Winnersineachcategorywillreceiveprofessionalhelpfromexperts.【答案】21.D22.C23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章提供了2024年全球綠色創(chuàng)新挑戰(zhàn)賽的參賽信息，包括競(jìng)賽的重點(diǎn)、參賽資格、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置和申請(qǐng)流程等實(shí)際操作指南，旨在指導(dǎo)有興趣的人士如何參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“WearethrilledtoannouncetheGlobalGreenInnovationChallenge2024,aninternationalpetitionaimedatinspiringcreativesolutionstoenvironmentalproblems.(我們很高興地宣布2024年全球綠色創(chuàng)新挑戰(zhàn)賽，這是一項(xiàng)旨在激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題的國(guó)際競(jìng)賽。)”可知，這項(xiàng)競(jìng)賽聚焦于環(huán)境問(wèn)題的解決方案。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章ChallengeCategories:部分“Participantscanchoosefromthefollowingcategories:1.SustainableEnergy:Proposenewmethodstoharnesscleanandrenewableenergy.2.WasteManagement:Designsystemsforreducing,reusing,orrecyclingwaste.3.SmartAgriculture:Developinnovativewaystoimproveagriculturalefficiencyandsustainability.(參與者可以從以下類(lèi)別中選擇：可持續(xù)能源：提出新的方法來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)清潔和可再生能源。廢物管理：設(shè)計(jì)減少、再利用或回收廢物的系統(tǒng)。智能農(nóng)業(yè)：開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新方式以提高農(nóng)業(yè)效率和可持續(xù)性。)”可知，參與者可以從三個(gè)類(lèi)別中選擇，分別是可持續(xù)能源、廢物管理和智能農(nóng)業(yè)。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章AwardsandBenefits:部分中“Topthreewillgainaccesstomentorshipprogramswithindustryleadersandinvitationstoglobalsustainabilityconferences.(前三名將獲得與行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖導(dǎo)師計(jì)劃的參與機(jī)會(huì)，以及全球可持續(xù)性會(huì)議的邀請(qǐng)。)”可知，前三名將受邀參加全球可持續(xù)性會(huì)議。故選C。BTheSuperSummerStrawberrySaraandhersisters,whowerethedaughtersoffarmers,wereintheirstrawberryfieldduringthesummer.Thestrawberriesgrewinneatrows,andtheygrewbetterwithmoresunshine.Sarawaslookingoverthefieldwhenshemadeasurprisingfind—astrawberryashugeasapumpkinhiddenunderaleafyvine.Excited,theydecidedtoenterthisamazingstrawberryintotheStateFair.Tohelpitgrow,thesisterstookturnssittingwithiteveryday,singingrelievingsongs.Thisseemedtoworkwell,asthestrawberrygrewreallyfast.Injustoneweek,itwasasbigasawatermelon,andbythesecondweek,itgotaslargeasatractortire.Thesistersmanagedtomovethelargestrawberrytothefair.Peoplecameinlargenumberstotheirbooth,amazedbywhattheysaw.Thestateleader,whowasthejudge,wasreallyimpressedandsaiditwasthebeststrawberryoftheStateFair.Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.However,Saraquicklycameupwithasolution.Shesaidtheycouldusethestrawberrypartstomakeagreatstrawberryshortcake.Thesistersandthepeopletheregatheredthepiecesandtookthemtothebaker.Soon,theywereallhavingawonderfultimesharingthedeliciousshortcake.Intheend,whatcouldhavebeenabadthingturnedintoamemorableandniceexperienceforeveryonethere.24.WhatdidSarafindinthestrawberryfield?A.Apumpkinhiddenunderavine. B.Astrawberryashugeasapumpkin.C.Astrawberryasbigasawatermelon. D.Aleafyvinewithmanystrawberries.25.Howdidthesistershelpthestrawberrygrow?A.Theywaterediteveryday. B.Theygaveitspecialchemicals.C.Theymovedittoasunnierplace. D.Theysangfortingsongstoit.26.Whathappenedwhenthestateleaderwasattachingtheblueribbontothestrawberry?A.Thestrawberrydisappeared.BThestrawberrybecameevenbigger.C.Thestrawberryturnedintoashortcake.D.Thestrawberryburstsuddenlyandscatteredeverywhere.27.Whichsayingcansuitthestorymost?A.Everycoinhastwosides. B.Thinktwicebeforeyouact.C.Makethebestofabadbargain. D.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了姐妹發(fā)現(xiàn)超大草莓，參賽獲獎(jiǎng)后草莓意外裂開(kāi)，姐妹倆用草莓制作酥餅分享，壞事變美好的經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Sarawaslookingoverthefieldwhenshemadeasurprisingfind—astrawberryashugeasapumpkinhiddenunderaleafyvine.(當(dāng)Sara朝田野望去時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)驚人的東西——一個(gè)像南瓜一樣大的草莓藏在一棵枝葉繁茂的藤蔓下。)”可知，Sara在草莓地里發(fā)現(xiàn)了像南瓜一樣大的草莓。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Tohelpitgrow,thesisterstookturnssittingwithiteveryday,singingrelievingsongs.(為了幫助它生長(zhǎng)，姐妹們每天輪流坐在它身邊，唱著舒緩的歌曲。)”可知，姐妹們通過(guò)每天輪流給草莓唱舒緩的歌來(lái)幫助它生長(zhǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.(但是當(dāng)他把獲獎(jiǎng)的藍(lán)絲帶系在上面時(shí)，草莓突然裂開(kāi)了，濺得到處都是。)”可知，當(dāng)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在草莓上系藍(lán)絲帶時(shí)，草莓突然爆裂，四處散落。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Butwhenhewasputtingthewinningblueribbononit,thestrawberrysuddenlybrokeopenandspreadallover.(但是當(dāng)他把獲獎(jiǎng)的藍(lán)絲帶系在上面時(shí)，草莓突然裂開(kāi)了，濺得到處都是。)”和最后一段中“Shesaidtheycouldusethestrawberrypartstomakeagreatstrawberryshortcake.Thesistersandthepeopletheregatheredthepiecesandtookthemtothebaker.Soon,theywereallhavingawonderfultimesharingthedeliciousshortcake.Intheend,whatcouldhavebeenabadthingturnedintoamemorableandniceexperienceforeveryonethere.(她說(shuō)他們可以用草莓部分做一個(gè)很棒的草莓酥餅。姐妹們和那里的人把碎的草莓撿起來(lái)，帶到面包師那里。很快，他們都分享了美味的酥餅，度過(guò)了一段美好的時(shí)光。最后，原本可能是一件壞事的事情變成了那里每個(gè)人難忘而美好的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，故事中原本可能是壞事（草莓裂開(kāi)），但最后變成了美好的經(jīng)歷（制作草莓酥餅分享），體現(xiàn)了“善處逆境”，C項(xiàng)“善處逆境”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。CSomeexpertssuggestthathumanitycannotsurvive(存活)farintothefutureifwestayonEarth.IfsomedisastersweretowipeoutlifeonEarth,otherworldscouldcarryonourcivilization.Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.AfutureoffEarthisnotonlyaboutavoidingdisasters.Morehomesforhumanitywouldalsomeanmoreopportunitiesforinnovation.WhatifwhenwegotoMars,wedon’thaverubbish?Resourceswouldbesoscarce(稀少的)onMarsthatthepeoplelivingtherewouldhavetofindcreativewaystoreusetheirwaste.TheseinnovationscouldthenhelpsolvetherubbishproblemhereonEarth.Asweexpandourcivilizationintospace,wemustmakesurethatweavoidrepeatinghumanity’spastmistakes.Someworldleaderspursuespaceasawaytoincreasetheirpowerandstatus.Theexplorerswhocolonized(建立殖民地于)variouspartsofEarthduringthe15thto19thcenturieshadsimilargoals.Asfarasweknow,nothingtodaylivesontheMoonorMars.ButdoesthatmakeitOKforonepersonorgrouptodecidetobuildabase?Allofhumanityshouldhaveasayinhowweexplorespace.SomeculturesseetheMoonasasacred(神圣的)placethatshouldn’tbechanged.Theirvoicesmatter.Sodothevoicesofscientists,explorers,andartists.Yourvoicematters,too.Sothinkbeforeyouact.ScientistspointoutthatourfutureoffEarthisnotjustaboutwhatkindofhabitatwe’llbuild,orwhattypeofspaceshipwe’llneed.“Howdowewanttolivetogether?”theyask.“Howcanweliveinwaysthatalloweveryonetothrive(茁壯成長(zhǎng))?”Thesetypesofquestionsareimportanttoask.WewillneedtoanswerthemwhetherwestayonEarthorjourneyoutintothedistantreachesofoursolarsystemandbeyond.28.Theunderlinedphrase“wipeout”inParagraph1probablymeans“______”.A.change B.consume C.destroy D.reduce29.Whatisonepotentialbenefitforbuildingsettlementsonotherplanets?A.Togiveworldleadersmorepowerandhigherstatus.B.TofindinnovativemethodsofreusingwasteonEarth.C.Tocolonizevariouspartsoftheworldforresources.D.TopreventnaturaldisastersfromhappeningonEarth.30.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatisafocusregardingbuildingabaseontheMoonorMars?A.Thecertaintyofbuildingabaseinspace.B.Theriskofdisastrousstrikesbylargeasteroids.C.ThechallengeoflivinginanewhabitatoffEarth.D.Thevariousopinionsonsettlingonotherplanets.31.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ShouldHumanityBuildSettlementsoffEarth?B.HowcanweSolveEarth’sEnvironmentalProblems?C.HowcanweAvoidtheDangersofSettlingonOtherPlanets?D.ShouldWorldLeadersbeCriticizedforTheirSpacerelatedGoals?【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。本文圍繞人類(lèi)是否應(yīng)該在地球之外建立定居點(diǎn)展開(kāi)討論。既提到了在地球外建立定居點(diǎn)的好處，如避免災(zāi)難和促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，也提到了相關(guān)的擔(dān)憂，如不同的意見(jiàn)等。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文的例子“Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.(例如，如果一顆大型小行星撞擊地球，在火星上定居將不受影響)”可知，是小行星撞擊毀滅了地球上的生命，但是我們移民火星的話，在火星上定居將不受影響，可以延續(xù)我們的文明，推知wipeout是“滅絕”之意，和C項(xiàng)意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Resourceswouldbesoscarce(稀少)onMarsthatthepeoplelivingtherewouldhavetofindcreativewaystoreusetheirwaste.TheseinnovationscouldthenhelpsolvetherubbishproblemhereonEarth.(火星上的資源將是如此稀缺，生活在那里的人們將不得不找到創(chuàng)造性的方法來(lái)再利用他們的廢物。這些創(chuàng)新可以幫助解決地球上的垃圾問(wèn)題)”可知，在其他星球建立定居點(diǎn)可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)地球上廢物再利用的創(chuàng)新。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asfarasweknow,nothingtodaylivesontheMoonorMars.ButdoesthatmakeitOKforonepersonorgrouptodecidetobuildabase?Allofhumanityshouldhaveasayinhowweexplorespace.SomeculturesseetheMoonasasacred(神圣的)placethatshouldn’tbechanged.Theirvoicesmatter.Sodothevoicesofscientists,explorers,andartists.Yourvoicematters,too.Sothinkbeforeyouact.(據(jù)我們所知，目前月球或火星上沒(méi)有生命存在。但這是否意味著一個(gè)人或一個(gè)團(tuán)體可以決定建立一個(gè)基地呢？在如何探索太空的問(wèn)題上，全人類(lèi)都應(yīng)該有發(fā)言權(quán)。有些文化認(rèn)為月亮是一個(gè)神圣的地方，不應(yīng)該被改變。他們的聲音很重要?？茖W(xué)家、探險(xiǎn)家和藝術(shù)家的聲音也是如此。你的聲音也很重要。所以三思而后行)”可知，關(guān)于在月球或火星上建立基地，有不同的意見(jiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Someexpertssuggestthathumanitycannotsurvive(存活)farintothefutureifwestayonEarth.IfsomedisastersweretowipeoutlifeonEarth,otherworldscouldcarryonourcivilization.Forexample,ifalargeasteroid(小行星)struckEarth,asettlementonMarswouldbeunaffected.(一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，如果我們繼續(xù)呆在地球上，人類(lèi)將無(wú)法生存到遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)。如果某些災(zāi)難毀滅了地球上的生命，我們的文明可以在其他世界延續(xù)下去。例如，如果一顆大型小行星撞擊地球，在火星上定居將不受影響)”以及縱觀全文可知，文章圍繞人類(lèi)是否應(yīng)該在地球之外建立定居點(diǎn)展開(kāi)討論，既提到了在地球外建立定居點(diǎn)的好處，如避免災(zāi)難和促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，也提到了相關(guān)的擔(dān)憂，如不同的意見(jiàn)等，所以A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)應(yīng)該在地球之外建立定居點(diǎn)嗎?”最能概括文章主旨。故選A項(xiàng)。DWealwaysusebothpartsofourbrains,nomatterwhatourpersonalitiesandtalentsare.Ourbrainhastwosymmetricalhemispheres.Theimportantpartsforthinking,moving,feelingandseeingareinbothofthesehalves.Somepeoplesaythatthosewhoaremorecreativeusetherightsideofthebrainmore,andthosewhoaremorelogicalusetheleftside.Thisideaabouthowthebrainworkswasverypopular.Butit’snotright.Thistheoryemergedinthe1950s.AneuroscientistnamedRogerSperrywantedtoknowhowthetwohalvesofthebrainworkedwitheachother.Hestudiedthecorpuscallosum(胼胝體)connectingthetwohalvesofthebrain.Cuttingitcouldhelptreatverybadepilepsy(癲癇)withouthurtingthenormalworkofthebraintoomuch.Sperry’s“splitbrain”studyfoundthatlanguageabilityismainlyintheleftbrain.TheplacesofBroca’sareaandWernicke’sareashowedthis.Sperrywonthe1981NobelPrize.Buttheideaofrightbrainandleftbrainskillscaughtpeople’simaginations.AnarticlepublishedintheNewYorkTimesMagazinein1973tookideasfromSperry’sfindings,claimingskillssuchasmusicalabilitywerecontrolledentirelybytherightbrain.Now,wehavebrainimagingtoolslikefMRI.Itcanfollowthebloodflowinthebraintoshowwhichpartsareworking.Newresearchhaseout.In2013,scientistsscannedmorethan1,000youngpeople.Theyfoundthatalthoughsomefunctionslikelanguagearemorerelatedtoonesideofthebrain,mostofthebrainnetworksusebothhalves.Thisdisprovedideaslikeonlytherighthemispherebeingformusicorart.Scientistsagreethattheoldtheoryaboutonesideofthebraincontrollinggeneraltraitsisoutdated.Differentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Thenetworkscanchange,especiallywhenthebrainishurt.Thingslikecreativityandlogicaretooplicatedtobeonlyinonepartofthebrain.Bothsidesofthebrainworktogetherforeverythingwedo.32.Whatdoes“thistheory”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebrain’shemispherescan’tworktogether.B.Thebrain’shemisphereshavesimilarkeystructures.C.Personalitiesandtalentsdependonwhichbrainhemisphereisusedmore.D.Creativepeopleusetherighthemisphereandlogicalpeopleusethelefthemisphere.33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutRogerSperry’sresearch?A.Hewasthefirsttoproposetherightleftbraintheory.B.Hisresearchwasconnectedtothebrain’slanguagearea.C.Hefocusedonepilepsy’sinfluenceonbrainhemispheres.D.Hefoundcorpuscallosumhadnoimpactonnormalbrainfunction.34.Whatdidthescansofover1,000youngpeoplein2013reveal?A.Mostbrainnetworksinvolvebothhemispheres.B.Allbrainfunctionsaremainlylocatedintheleftbrain.C.Therighthemisphereismainlyresponsibleforlanguage.D.fMRIistheonlybrainimagingtoolinthenewresearch.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tocorrectleftrightbraintheorymisconception.B.TointroduceSperry’sdiscoveryofcorpuscallosum.C.Todiscusstheimpactofbrainimagingtoolsonbrainstudy.D.Toexplainfunctionsofleftandrightbrainhemispheresindetail.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文糾正了大腦左右半球分工理論，闡釋了大腦雙側(cè)協(xié)同工作機(jī)制?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Somepeoplesaythatthosewhoaremorecreativeusetherightsideofthebrainmore,andthosewhoaremorelogicalusetheleftside.(有人說(shuō)，那些更有創(chuàng)造力的人更多地使用右腦，而那些更有邏輯的人則更多地使用左腦。)”可知，第二段中的“thistheory”指的是有創(chuàng)造力的人使用右半球，有邏輯的人使用左半球。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sperry’s“splitbrain”studyfoundthatlanguageabilityismainlyintheleftbrain.(斯佩里的“裂腦”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，語(yǔ)言能力主要在左腦。)”可知，他的研究與大腦的語(yǔ)言區(qū)有關(guān)。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In2013,scientistsscannedmorethan1,000youngpeople.Theyfoundthatalthoughsomefunctionslikelanguagearemorerelatedtoonesideofthebrain,mostofthebrainnetworksusebothhalves.Thisdisprovedideaslikeonlytherighthemispherebeingformusicorart.Scientistsagreethattheoldtheoryaboutonesideofthebraincontrollinggeneraltraitsisoutdated.(2013年，科學(xué)家對(duì)1000多名年輕人進(jìn)行了掃描。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然語(yǔ)言等一些功能更多地與大腦的一側(cè)有關(guān)，但大多數(shù)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)都使用兩個(gè)半球。這反駁了只有右半球負(fù)責(zé)音樂(lè)或藝術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)?？茖W(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為，關(guān)于大腦一側(cè)控制一般特征的舊理論已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。)”可知，2013年對(duì)1000多名年輕人的掃描顯示大多數(shù)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)涉及兩個(gè)半球。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Differentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Thenetworkscanchange,especiallywhenthebrainishurt.Thingslikecreativityandlogicaretooplicatedtobeonlyinonepartofthebrain.Bothsidesofthebrainworktogetherforeverythingwedo.(大腦的不同部分協(xié)同工作。神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)發(fā)生變化，尤其是當(dāng)大腦受到傷害時(shí)。像創(chuàng)造力和邏輯這樣的東西太復(fù)雜了，不可能只存在于大腦的一個(gè)部分。我們所做的每件事都是左右腦共同作用的。)”結(jié)合本文糾正了大腦左右半球分工理論，闡釋了大腦雙側(cè)協(xié)同工作機(jī)制?？芍恼碌闹饕康氖羌m正對(duì)左右腦理論的誤解，說(shuō)明大腦的兩個(gè)半球是協(xié)同工作的。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoDealWithaFriendWhoHasChangedChangeisanormalpartoflife.____36____Ifyoufindthatafriendisactingdifferentlytowardyouthantheydidinthepast,orifyourfeelingstowardthemhavechanged,itmaybetimetoexaminetherelationshipanddeterminewhetheryouneedtomakechangesinthataspectofyourlife.Discussyourproblemswithamutualfriend.Youmightfindthatyou’renottheonlyonehavingissueswithaparticularperson.Sharingyourproblemscanmakebothofyoufeelbetter.Together,youmightbeabletodeterminethebestcourseofaction.Youdon’twanttobeaccused(控訴)ofgossiping(說(shuō)三道四)ortalkingbehindyourfriend’sback.____37____Askyourfriendifanythingiswrong.Thedirectapproachisoftenthebestone.Forexample,oneofyourclosefriendshassuddenlybeedistant(疏遠(yuǎn)的)andignoredyou.____38____Ifyoufeelthatyourrelationshipwithsomeonehaschanged,chancesaretheyhavenoticedadifferencetoo,andwillbewillingtotalktoyou.Considerpossiblemedicalissues.Ifafriend’sattitudetowardyouhaschangedthoroughly,itmightbeasignofadeeperproblemlikedepression.Ifyoureallythinkthatyourfriendmighthaveamedicaldisorder,encouragethemtoseekprofessionaladvice.____39____Ifyourfriendishesitant,assurethemthatamedicalprofessionalcouldhelpwithwhattheyareexperiencing.___40___Thiscansetapositivetonefortheconversationandsoftenyourcriticismofthem.Iftheissueisthatyounolongerseeyourfriend,youmightsay,“Ireallylikedwhenweusedtospendtimetogether,butlatelyitseemslikeyou’vebeenavoidingme.”A.Soseektheadviceofjustonemutualfriend.B.Youmayapologizeforyourpastmistakesinperson.C.Insomeinstances,suggestingmedicalhelpisnecessary.D.Beginbysayingsomethingthatyoulikeaboutyourfriend.E.Reachouttoafriendifyouarehavingproblemswiththem.F.Inthiscase,youmayaskthemwhetheryouareinthewrong.G.However,sometimesthewayspeoplechangecanaffecttheirpersonalrelationships.【答案】36.G37.A38.F39.C40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了當(dāng)你的朋友和你的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化時(shí)，你應(yīng)該如何處理?！?6題詳解】上文“Changeisanormalpartoflife.(改變是生活中正常的一部分。)”說(shuō)明變化是生活的正常部分，下文“Ifyoufindthatafriendisactingdifferentlytowardyouthantheydidinthepast,orifyourfeelingstowardthemhavechanged,itmaybetimetoexaminetherelationshipanddeterminewhetheryouneedtomakechangesinthataspectofyourlife.(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)朋友對(duì)你的態(tài)度與過(guò)去不同，或者你對(duì)他們的感覺(jué)發(fā)生了變化，那么可能是時(shí)