Unit 3【速記清單】-2023-2024學年八年級英語上冊（牛津上海版）（解析版）

Unit3PetsPets話題寵物詞匯opinion,responsibility,death,respect,aithfully,mess,result,bite,extremely,unhappy短語fromsidetoside從左到右growup成長；長大accordingto據(jù)（……所說）carefor關愛asaresult因此；結果stop…from阻止某事發(fā)生what'smore而且payfor為……付錢句型it作形式主語主要用于下列兩種情況1)It+is/was+adj./n.（形容詞或名詞）+todosth.2)It十v.+todosth.語法被動語態(tài)（二）考點1.opinionn.意見，想法，看法【例題】Theopinionisacceptedastrue.這個意見被認為是正確的?！就卣埂縤none'sopinion依某人的看法e.g.Inmyopinion,thesecondviewisone-sidedandpartial.我認為，第2種看法是片面的?？键c2.responsibilityn.責任，負責【例題】Ididitonmyownresponsibility(=withoutbeingtoldtoandbeingwillingtotaketheblameifithadgonewrong).我做的這件事，由我自己負責。【拓展】beresponsiblefor對…負責e.g.MyfatherisresponsibleforabigdepartmentstoreinShanghai.考點3. deathn.死亡【例句】Caraccidentshavecausedmanydeaths.車禍造成了許多人死亡。death的動詞形式是dieHebecameveryillandthenhedied.他病得很重，接著就死了。【拓展】dieof死于（疾病、過度悲傷等）Peoplearedyingofcancermoreandmoreoften.死于癌癥的人越來越多了。diefrom死于（某種原因，不包括疾病、過度悲傷等）Inaseverewinter,wildanimalscandiefromlackoffood.在寒冷的冬天，野獸可能因為缺乏食物而餓死?？键c4.respectn.＆v.尊重，慎重對待【例句】Thenewteachersoonwontherespectofhisstudents.這位新來的老師很快就贏得了學生們的尊重?！就卣埂縭espectableadj.值得尊敬的考點5.faithfullyadv.忠實地，忠誠地【例句】Healwaysperformshisdutiesfaithfully.他一貫忠實地履行自己的職責。【拓展】faithn.信仰，信任e.g.Faiththatjusticewouldprevailimpelledusforward.正義必勝的信念激勵著我們前進。faithfuladj.忠實的，守信的e.g.Weareallfaithfulllistenerstotheprogram.我們都是這檔節(jié)目的忠實聽眾?？键c6.unhappyadj.不快樂的，不幸福的；悲傷的【例句】Forallthiswealth,hewasunhappy.盡管他富有，但他并不幸福?！就卣埂糠穸ㄇ熬Yun-加在名詞，形容詞，副詞之前如：unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（無疑的），unhappy(不快樂的)類似的否定前綴in-加在形容詞，名詞之前如：incorrect(不正確的)，inability(無能，無力)，inaccurate(不準確的)im-加在字母m，b，p之前如：impossible（不可能的），impolite（不禮貌的）考點7.fromsidetoside從左到右【例句】Theshiprolledfromsidetoside.船左右搖晃?！就卣埂縮idebyside肩并肩地；一起e.g.Thetwochildrenarewalkingsidebyside.那兩個孩子肩并肩地走著?？键c8.carefor關愛【例句】Youngpeopleshouldlearntocareforothers.年輕人應該學會關愛他人?！就卣埂縯akecareof照顧e.gTheyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們委派她照顧那位老人。careabout喜歡e.g.Ireallycareaboutthestudentsinmyclass.我的確喜歡這個班上的學生?？键c9.asaresult因此；結果【例句】Asaresult,hehadtoleave.結果他只得離開?！就卣埂縭esultfrom起因于e.g.Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了變質的食物所致。resultin結果；導致是e.g.Theirdisputeresultedinwar.他們的爭端導致了戰(zhàn)爭?？键c10.stop…from阻止某事發(fā)生【例句】Theguardstoppedhimfromgoingthroughthegate.警衛(wèi)不讓他通過大門?！就卣埂縮toptodosth.與stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事e.g.Theystoppedtoworkandhavearest.他們停下來工作并休息了一會兒。stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事Pleasestopspeaking.It’stimetobeginourclass.請肅靜，上課時間到了?？键c11.payfor為……付錢【例句】Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine.我得花150美元買這臺縫紉機?！就卣埂縮pend,take,pay,cost四者都可表示“花費”(1)spend的主語通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth.(sb)spendsomemoney/sometime(in)doingsth.e.g.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat.=Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat.我花50元買了這件大衣。(2)take常用于“占用、花費”時間，其主話通常為形式主語“it"或物。句式是：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth=Sth.takessb.sometime.e.g.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses.畫這些漂亮的馬花費了我3年時間。Theworkwilltakemetwodays.這項工作花了2天時間。(3)pay為“付款，賠償”之意，主語通常是人，往往是sb．payssomemoneyforsth或paysb．(somemoneyforsth)e.g.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthecoat.我花50元買了這件大衣。(4)cost的主語必須是某物。動詞cost的常用用法是sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。e.g.Thedictionarycostme$20.這本字典花了我20美元。語法精講——被動語態(tài)（二）模塊模塊四雙賓語結構的被動轉換雙賓語結構的轉換原則Hegaveherarose.=Hegavearosetoher.Arosewasgiventoher.(物做主語有介詞)Shewasgivenarose.(人做主語無介詞)★小試身手★請改寫下列句子，保持句意不變：MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.物做主語：AMiniCooperwasboughtformebymymother.人做主語：IwasboughtaMiniCooperbymymother.Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.物做主語：Thecoffeehasn'tbeenbroughttousbythewaiter.人做主語：Wehaven'tbeenbroughtthecoffeebythewaiter.?Attention?以下動詞與介詞to搭配award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommend（推薦）,sell,send,serve（招待）,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write以下動詞與介詞for搭配boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserve（預留）,sing,save★小試身手★請用括號里的詞翻譯句子：這個房間是為史密斯一家預定的。(reserve)ThisroomisreservedfortheSmiths.你不要指望任何人能為了你而變化。(change)Nooneisexpectedtochangeforyou.模塊模塊五不能使用被動語態(tài)的詞和詞組不及物動詞及短語出現(xiàn)appear死die消失disappear躺lie升起rise同意agree屬于belongto爆發(fā)breakout由…組成consistof趕上keepupwith發(fā)生happentakeplaceoccur靜態(tài)動詞變成become有益于benefit等于equal失敗fail包含contain缺少lack持續(xù)last意味著mean值…錢cost適合suitfit模塊模塊六常見主動語態(tài)表被動的詞和詞組常見系動詞：smell,sound,taste,feel,look,seem,appear,prove井水嘗起來好甜。Thewellwatertastessweet.這塊絲綢布料摸起來很光滑。Thissilkfeelsverysmooth.一些動詞在主動表示被動時，通常和well等副詞連用，這些動詞有：clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride+well這支筆很好寫。Thispenwriteswell.這幅眼鏡戴起來很舒服。Thispairofglasseswearscomfortably.用動名詞的主動形式來代替被動，這類動詞主要有：want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedone孩子們需要照看。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.你值得擁有這些獎勵。Youdeserveowningtheseprizes.beworthdoingsth.某事值得做Anythingworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得做的事就值得做好。be+adj.+todo當這個句型的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語時，我們一般用主動表被動。Englishishardtolearn.（English是tolearn的邏輯賓語，所以不用被動。）這本書很難跟上。(follow)Thebookishardtofollow.他說的話很容易理解。(Whathesaid)Whathesaidiseasytounderstand.模塊模塊七havesth.done的雙重含義某事被別人完成你多久剪一次頭發(fā)？Howoftendoyouhaveyourhaircut?某人的一種經歷我昨晚把手臂摔斷了。Ihadmyarmbrokenyesterday.①9AU3單詞表序號英文音標詞性中文1fromsidetoside從左到右2opinion/??p?nj?n/n.想法；看法；意見3※cute/kju?t/adj.可愛的；漂亮迷人的4growup成長；長大5responsibility/r??sp?ns??b?l?t?/n.責任6accordingtoprep.據(jù)……所說7death/deθ/n.死；死亡8carefor關愛9respect/r??spekt/v.慎重對待；尊重10faithfully/?fe?θf?l?/adv.忠實地；忠誠地11inone’sopinion依某人的看法12messn.雜亂；糞便13※fur/f??r/n.（動物的）毛皮14result/r??z?lt/n.后果；結果15asaresult因此；結果16bite/ba?t/v.咬17what’smore而且18extremely/?k?stri?ml?/adv.極其；非常19unhappy/?n?h?p?/adj.不快樂的；不幸福的；悲傷的20cleanout把（某物）內部徹底打掃干凈21rightnow立即；馬上22surprised/s??pra?zd/adj.驚訝的23shocked/??kt/adj.震驚的24salary/?s?l?r?/n.薪金；薪水25certain/?s??t?n/adj.一定（量）26goldfish/?ɡ??ldf??/n.金魚27rightaway立即；馬上28apologize/??p?l?d?a?z/v.道歉29makeacomplaint投訴30bewrongabout有問題；有毛病31review/r??vju?/n.（書刊、戲劇、電影等的）評論32notonly…but(also)…不但……而且②9AU3詞性轉換整理注意：陰影部分的單詞是教材中出現(xiàn)的，打“※”的是非考綱單詞1awfuladj.可怕的※awfullyadv.極其2apologizev.道歉※apologyn.道歉3complainv.抱怨；投訴※complaintn.抱怨；投訴4createv.創(chuàng)造；造成※creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的※creativityn.創(chuàng)造力5dangern.危險dangerousadj.危險的6※extremeadj.極大的※extremelyadv.非常，極其7※faithn.信任，信心※faithfuladj.忠誠的；忠實的※faithfullyadv.忠實地；忠誠地8frightenv.使害怕frightenedadj.受驚嚇的；吃驚的frighteningadj.恐怖的9goldn.黃金goldenadj.金色的10regularadj.規(guī)則的，經?！鵵egularlyadv.經常11※poisonn.毒，毒藥，毒物※poisonousadj.有毒的12responsibleadj.負責的，有責任心的responsibilityn.責任13servev.招待（顧客等），為……服務servicen.服務；公用事業(yè)servantn.仆人，傭人14terribleadj.可怕的，糟糕的※terriblyadv.極其PracticePractice一、閱讀單選Bycarefullychoosingdogparents,humanshavecreatedmanydifferentkindsofdogs.Eachkindhasitsownlookandtalents,anditsownrolewithinhumansociety.Herearethreeexamplesof“adog’slife”inthehumanworld.Today,manyhospitalsletspeciallytraineddogsintobringloveandcheertopatients.Shayneeisatherapy(治療)dog.Shevisitschildrenwhoareinhospital.DogslikeShayneehelppatientsfeelcalmandatpeace,whichcanbehardinabusyhospital.Theyhelpbothchildrenandadultsstaystrongduringlonghospitalstays,andevenhelpthemgetbetter.Somebeagles(小獵犬)workinairportsforthegovernmentnow.TheyarepartoftheprogramcalledtheBeagleBrigade.Abeagleisgoodfortheworkbecauseofitspowerfulnose,andabilitytofollowsmells.TheBeagleBrigade’sjobistosmelleverythingthatcomesintothecountry.Theymakeofficersnoticeillegalfruits,vegetables,andotherfoodsinluggageorinmail.Thebeaglesdothejobfarbetterthananyhumancould.Whilesomedogsareworkinghard,othersarefreetospendtheirdaysrestingandplaying.Acrosstheworld,manypetdogsaretreatedlikechildren.Manyhavetheirownroomsandallthethingsadogcouldwant.Someevenhavetheirownclothes.Manyofthesepetsspendtheirdaysplaying,learningtofollow,orevengoingtoclasses.Theirownersgivethemthebest,andenjoydoingso.Whetherasworkersorobjectsofaffection(鐘情),dogshavebecomehelpfultohumansinmanyways.Thereareplentyofadvantagesforthedog,too.ManykindsofwilddogshavenearlydisappearedfromtheEarth.However,thedomesticdog’sspecialplaceas“man’sbestfriend”hasallowedittosurviveinahumanworld.1．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Hospitalsneedmanyspecialandhelpfuldogs. B．Dogscantakecareofpatients.C．Patientsneedloveinthehospital. D．Doctorsaretoobusytoseepatients.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A．Abeagleusesitsspecialnosetowork.B．Beaglescanfindoutillegalfoodsfromothercountries.C．Somepetdogsaretheirowner’schildren.D．Differentdogshavetheirdifferentlivingstylesinhumansociety.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domestic”inParagraph5mean?A．Trained. B．Smart. C．Wild. D．Valuable.4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toaskpeopletotreatdogsastheirownkids.B．Toexplainwhyhumansneedbeaglesintheirwork.C．Totellpeopleaboutthehistoryofdogs’development.D．Toshowagoodrelationshipbetweendogsandhumans.5．Whatisthestructure(結構)ofthepassage?(P＝Paragraph)A． B．C． D．【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．D5．A【導語】本文主要介紹了人與狗之間的良好關系。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Today,manyhospitalsletspeciallytraineddogsintobringloveandcheertopatients.”及本段內容可知，本段主要介紹了狗幫助照顧病人。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheBeagleBrigade’sjobistosmelleverythingthatcomesintothecountry.”可知，小獵犬的工作是聞所有進入這個國家的東西，B表述錯誤。故選B。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“ManykindsofwilddogshavenearlydisappearedfromtheEarth.However,thedomesticdog’sspecialplaceas‘man’sbestfriend’hasallowedittosurviveinahumanworld”可知，許多野狗幾乎已經消失，但是，那些被馴服的狗作為“人類最好的朋友”得以存活在人類世界中，因此劃線單詞表示“受過訓練的”。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Bycarefullychoosingdogparents,humanshavecreatedmanydifferentkindsofdogs.Eachkindhasitsownlookandtalents,anditsownrolewithinhumansociety”及全文可知，本文主要講述了人與狗之間的良好關系。故選D。5．篇章結構題。本文第一段主要是介紹文章的主題；第二、三、四段舉例介紹了人類世界中“狗的生活”；第五段講述的是狗得到的好處。因此A符合文章結構。故選A。“MomIwantacat,”or“MomIwantadog,”or“MomIwanta…”arecommonwordsthatparentsmayhearfromtheirchildrenmorethanonce.However,therearemanyarguments（爭論）forandagainstchildrenowningpets.Thefirstargumentthatsupportspetownershipbychildrenisthattheyhelptokeepchildrencompany.Whenchildrencomehomefromschool,petsarealwaystheretogreetthem.Theylovechildrenandalwayswanttoplay.Asaresult,childrenwillbelesslikelytoexperienceloneliness.Theywillalsohelptokeepchildrenactiveastheywillneedtobewalkedandplayedwitheveryday.Secondly,owningapetencourageschildrentolearnnewresponsibilities（責任）.Petsneedtobelookedafterandbetakencareofeveryday.Childrenwilllearndifferentskillsthattheycanuselaterinlife.Forexample,washingandfeedingpetsarebasicskillstolearn.Learningtheseresponsibilitieswillmakesurethatchildrenwillbeabletolookafterthemselves,andpossiblytheirchildrenoneday.Ontheotherhand,somepetscanbedangerous.Somedogs,forexample,arelikelytobite,andchildrenmaybecomescaredofanimalsasaresultofthishappeningtothem.Catsalsolookverysoftandlovely,buttheydohaveverysharpclaws.Iftheyaretreatedinthewrongway,catscanusetheirclawstohurtothers.Inaddition,petsneedagreatdealofmaintenance（維護）.Manypetsneedtobeoftenexercisedandbathed.Asaresultofthis,childrenmaypaylessattentiontotheirstudiesbecausetheyaretoobusyworryingabouttheirpetsanditswellbeing.Afurtherargumentagainstpetownershipisthatpetsarecostly;buyingfoodandmaintainingtheircareisnotcheap.Finally,thecostofowningonefallsonparents,andasaresult,childrendon’tfullyunderstandtheresponsibilityofhavingone.6．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“company”?A．abusinessorganizationthatmakesorsellsgoodsorservicesB．thefactofbeingwithsomebodyelseandnotaloneC．agroupofpeoplewhoworkorperformtogetherD．asocialorbusinessvisitor7．Accordingtothetext,whatmaypeoplewhoareagainstchildrenowningapetworryabout?A．Children’ssafety. B．Children’slifeskills.C．Children’shealth. D．Children’sresponsibilities.8．What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducehowtotakegoodcareofapet.B．Tosolvetheproblemofchildrenowningapet.C．Tolistthedisadvantagesofchildrenowningapet.D．Toshowdifferentopinionsonchildrenowningapet.9．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?A． B． C． D．【答案】6．B7．A8．D9．A【導語】本文是一篇議論文，分別介紹了支持和反對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的觀點。6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Whenchildrencomehomefromschool,petsarealwaystheretogreetthem.Theylovechildrenandalwayswanttoplay.Asaresult,childrenwillbelesslikelytoexperienceloneliness.”可知，當孩子們放學回家時，寵物總是在那里迎接他們。他們愛孩子，總是想玩。結果，孩子們將不太可能經歷孤獨。所以company意為“與他人在一起而不是獨自一人”。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ontheotherhand,somepetscanbedangerous.Somedogs,forexample,arelikelytobite.Iftheyaretreatedinthewrongway,catscanusetheirclawstohurtothers.”可知，另一方面，有些寵物可能很危險。例如，有些狗可能會咬人。如果貓受到錯誤的對待，它們可能會用爪子傷害其他的。以此為例說明一些寵物很危險?？梢姡磳⒆羽B(yǎng)寵物的人主要擔心孩子的安全。故選A。8．主旨大意題。通過“therearemanyarguments（爭論）forandagainstchildrenowningpets.”可知，有許多支持和反對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的論點。通過文章可知，本文主要講述了對于孩子養(yǎng)寵物，存在支持和反對兩方面的爭論點。所以本文表達了對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的不同意見。故選D。9．篇章結構題。第一段介紹支持和反對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的爭論有很多。第二段介紹了支持孩子養(yǎng)寵物的第一個論點：他們是很好的伴侶。第三段介紹了支持孩子養(yǎng)寵物的第二個論點：養(yǎng)寵物可以鼓勵孩子學習新的責任。第四段介紹了反對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的論點：許多寵物很危險。第五段介紹寵物需要恰當?shù)恼疹?，孩子們可能不太注意他們的學習了。第六段段介紹了反對孩子養(yǎng)寵物的另一個論點：養(yǎng)寵物的成本很高。第二段和第三段介紹的是支持養(yǎng)寵物的觀點。第四段、第五段和第六段是反對養(yǎng)寵物的觀點。故選A。二、閱讀回答問題閱讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內容，簡要回答下列問題。LukeAndersonisblind.Sohecan’tseethingswithhisowneyes.Buthehasaseeing-eyedogcalledSpeedy.Speedyiswell-trainedtohelptheblind.Speedycantakehimtowherehewantstogo.Mr.Andersonisdisabled,butitisn’tabigproblem.Hehasagoodjobandheisabletomakemoneybyhimself.Mr.Andersonsellsbrooms（掃把）topeopleinthispartofthecity.HehasworkedeverydayexceptSundayforfortyyears.Afterhisbreakfast,Mr.AndersonholdsSpeedy,carriesbroomsandsellsfromhousetohouse.PeoplechooseabroomandtheypayhimwhenSpeedysitsandwaitsbesidehismaster!Ittakesfourandonehalfmonthstowalktoeveryhouseinthispartofthecity.SoMr.Andersonvisitseachhouseeveryfourmonths,andbythenpeopleareusuallyreadytobuynewbrooms.Butthesedayshehasaproblem.Hisbroomslastsolongthatsometimestheyarestillgoodafterfourmonths.Thennobodyneedstobuyanewone.Mr.Andersonlikeshisjobandisproud（自豪的）ofhisbrooms.Hepicksupanewsupply（供給）ofbroomseveryweek.Hesays,“Ifyoudon’tsellpeoplesomethinggood,they’renotgoingtobuyfromyouthesecondtimeyoucomearound.”10．IsthereanythingwrongwithAnderson’seyes?11．WhatdoesMr.Andersondotoearnmoney?12．HowlonghasMr.Andersonsoldbrooms?13．Wholeadshimeverywheretodohisbusiness?14．AccordingtoMr.Anderson,whatwillpeopledoifhedoesn’tsellthemsomethinggood?【答案】10．Yes,thereis.11．Hesellsbrooms.12．For40years.13．Speedy.14．They’renotgoingtobuyfromyouthesecondtimeyoucomearound.【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章講述了一位盲人盧克·安德森和他的導盲犬Speedy，以及他賣掃把為生的故事。10．根據(jù)“LukeAndersonisblind.”可知，盧克·安德森是盲人。所以他的眼睛是有問題的，故填Yes,thereis.11．根據(jù)“Mr.Andersonsellsbrooms（掃把）topeopleinthispartofthecity.”可知，安德森先生靠賣掃帚賺錢，故填Hesellsbrooms.12．根據(jù)“HehasworkedeverydayexceptSundayforfortyyears.”可知，四十年來，除了星期天，他每天都在工作。所以他工作了40年，故填For40years.13．根據(jù)“Speedycantakehimtowherehewantstogo.”和“Mr.AndersonholdsSpeedy,carriesbroomsandsellsfromhousetohouse.”可知，Speedy可以帶盧克去他想去的地方，盧克到哪里都帶著Speedy，所以是Speedy帶他去做生意，故填Speedy.14．根據(jù)“Ifyoudon’tsellpeoplesomethinggood,they’renotgoingtobuyfromyouthesecondtimeyoucomearound”可知，如果你不賣給別人好東西，他們就不會在你第二次來的時候從你那里買東西。故填They’renotgoingtobuyfromyouthesecondtimeyoucomearound.三、短文首字母填空先閱讀短文，然后在短文后空白處寫出各單詞的正確形式，單詞的第一個字母已給出。

WhenIwasnineyearsold,myparentsboughtmeacockatiel(雞尾鸚鵡)fromalocalpetstore.In15himBubba.Likeanyyoungkid,Iwasexcitedtohaveanewfriend.

Afterafewweeks,however,thefeelingsofe16woreoff.Beingakid,Iwasnotr17fortheresponsibilityoftakingcareofBubba.Neitherweremyparents.Bubbahadtoliveallhislifeinasmall,dirtycage.Unabletostretchhiswings,thebirdendeduplivingamuchs18lifethanhewouldhavedoneinthewild.

It’sasadstory,butunluckily,it’sastorythathasbeentooc19.Nobirdwasborntoliveinacage,yetmillionsar