浙江省溫州市環(huán)大羅山聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題

2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州環(huán)大羅山聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高一年級(jí)英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級(jí)、姓名、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。第I卷（選擇題，共95分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatismostimportantforhealthyhouseplantsaccordingtothewoman?A.Feedingthemcarefully.B.Wateringthemregularly.C.Puttingthemintherightplace.2.Whywasthewomanlateforwork?A.Becauseofroadworks.B.Becauseofasuddenflood.C.Becauseofabrokendowncar.3.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Createtheposter.B.Refusethejob.C.Turndownthemusic.4.Whatisthemandoingrightnow?A.Takingabath.B.Brushinghisteeth.C.Cleaningthebathroom.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’shobby.B.Thewoman’sdreamjob.C.Thespeakers’collegechoice.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatmadetheman’sfamilychangetheirpartyplan?A.Fewerguests.B.Thebadweather.C.Thehighercost.7.WherewillthemanprobablybeonSaturday?A.Athome.B.Atamovietheater.C.Atafootballstadium.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdidthemangetthenewsabouttheallwhitepanda?A.Fromanonlinevideo.B.FromaTVnewsreport.C.Fromphotosinthenewspaper.9.Howoldistheallwhitepandanow?A.Abouttwoyearsold.B.Aboutthreeyearsold.C.Aboutfiveyearsold.10.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheallwhitepanda’sfuture?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Hopeful.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’swrongwiththewoman’sroom?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’smessy.12.Howmuchdidtheman’sfriendspendonsilversheets?A.￡3.00.B.￡6.00.C.￡18.00.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?APlaceanorder.B.Closethewindow.C.Attendameeting.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.15.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttoseeadoctor?A.Heisfrightenedtoseeadoctor.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sseriousenough.C.Heconsidersthetreatmenttooexpensive.16.Howdoesthewomanchangetheman’smind?A.Bypayingforhistreatment.BBylendinghimamedicalbook.C.Bytellinghimpossibleproblems.17.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Brushhisteeth.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Makeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredoesthespeechprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice.B.Ataschool.C.Inahospital.19.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.Encouragepeopletowalkmore.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’swrongwiththewoman’sroom?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’smessy.12.Howmuchdidtheman’sfriendspendonsilversheets?A.￡3.00.B.￡6.00.C.￡18.00.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Placeanorder.B.Closethewindow.C.Attendameeting.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.15.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttoseeadoctor?A.Heisfrightenedtoseeadoctor.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sseriousenough.C.Heconsidersthetreatmenttooexpensive.16.Howdoesthewomanchangetheman’smind?A.Bypayingforhistreatment.B.Bylendinghimamedicalbook.C.Bytellinghimpossibleproblems.17.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Brushhisteeth.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Makeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredoesthespeechprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice.B.Ataschool.C.Inahospital.19.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.Encouragepeopletowalkmore.B.Invitepeopletojoinawalkingclub.C.Callonpeopletotakepublictransport.20.Whatdoesthespeakerbelieveismostimportantforlifelongfitness?A.Reducingthestresslevel.B.Keepingatahealthybodyweight.C.Choosingafitnessactivitytokeepupwith.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、Ｃ和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卷上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMachuPiechuHasNewRoutesfor2024Withnewtourroutesstartingfrom1June2024,travelersvisitingMachuPicchucanexpectamorepersonalizedexperience.MachuPiechuMountainrouteThisrouteoffersamixofadventureandbirds’eyeviews.Startingfromtheupperterrace(梯田)area,itallowsyoutoclimbMachuPicchumountain,oneofthehighestpointsinthearchaeological(考古學(xué)的)sitewhereyou’llbegreetedwithbreathtakinglandscapes.PuenteInkarouteIdealforthosewhopreferashorterwalk,thisrouteofferswideviewsfromtheupperterracebutdoesn’tincludethecityareaofMachuPicchu.ItwilltakeyoutotheIncaBridge,whereyoucanobservetheVilcanotaRiver.It’sashort,scenicwalkwithhistoricalsignificance,perfectforarelaxedmorning.ClassicIncaCityrouteThisistheclassicroutethatletsyousnapthaticonicphotofromtheupperterracewithgreatviewsandthenwalkthroughthecityareaofMachuPicchu.You’llpassbythemainsquareandreachtheSacredRock.WaynaPicchuMountainrouteThisrouteisfortheadventurousatheart.StartingfromthelowerpartofMachuPicchu,you’llvisittheTempleoftheSun,theFountainSectorandtheInca’shouse.ThehighlightisclimbingWaynaPicchu,whichinvolvessteep,narrowstairsandoffersopenviews.It’snotforthechickenheartedbutwortheverystep.YoucanbuyticketseitherinpersonattheCentroCulturalMachupicchuinAguasCalientesoronlinehereviatheofficialwebsiteoftheMinistryofCulture.1.Whichroutebestsuitsapersonwithastronginterestinhistory?A.MachuPicchuMountainroute. B.PuenteInkaroute.C.ClassicIncaCityroute. D.WaynaPicchuMountainroute.2.Whatdothesefourroutesshareinmon?A.Theyincludetheterraceareaaspartoftheroute.B.Theyofferexcitingadventureswithsteepclimbs.C.Theyprovidewideviewsofthebeautifullandscapes.D.TheyinvolvevisitingthecityareaofMachuPicchu.3.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Atravelbrochure. C.Anencyclopedia. D.Atravelnewspaper.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了2024年6月1日起，訪問馬丘比丘的新旅游路線，提供了四種不同的路線選擇，每種路線都有其獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)和景觀?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段PuenteInkaroute的描述“It’sashort,scenicwalkwithhistoricalsignificance,perfectforarelaxedmorning.(這是一條短而風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的步行道，具有歷史意義，非常適合悠閑的早晨。)”，這條路線具有歷史意義，將帶你前往印加橋，觀察維爾卡諾塔河，適合對(duì)歷史感興趣的人。因此，最適合對(duì)歷史有強(qiáng)烈興趣的人的路線是PuenteInkaroute。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。MachuPicchuMountainroute提供了鳥瞰視角的景觀(birds’eyeviews)，PuenteInkaroute提供了寬闊的景觀視野(offerswideviews)，ClassicIncaCityroute讓你從上層露臺(tái)拍攝標(biāo)志性照片(snapthaticonicphotofromtheupperterracewithgreatviews)，WaynaPicchuMountainroute提供了開放視野(offersopenviews)。因此，它們共同提供的是寬闊的景觀視野。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“YoucanbuyticketseitherinpersonattheCentroCulturalMachupicchuinAguasCalientesoronlinehereviatheofficialwebsiteoftheMinistryofCulture.(你可以在阿瓜斯卡連特斯的馬丘比丘文化中心親自購票，也可以通過文化部的官方網(wǎng)站在線購票。)”可知這篇文章有可能來自于一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選A項(xiàng)。BIn1983,thousandsofrunnersfromallovertheworldgatheredinAustraliatotakepartintheWestfieldSydneyMelbourneUltramarathon.Themarathonhadpetitorsrunningoveradistanceof875kilometers.Thefirstmantowinthisracewas61yearoldpotatofarmerCliffYoung.WhenCliffshowedupintherace,hestuckoutlikeasorethumb.Differentfromtheotherpetitors,Cliffwasdressedasifhehadjustreturnedfromthefield,whichattractedtheattentionofreporterspresent.“IgrewuponafarmwhereI’dhavetogooutandroundupthesheepwheneverthestormswouldrollin,”Clifftoldreporters.“Wehad2,000sheepon2,000acres.SometimesI’dhavetorunthosesheepfortwoorthreedays.Ittookalongtime,butI’dalwayscatchthem.So,IbelieveIcanrunthisrace.”Nooneactuallybelievedhim.Afterall,mostpetitorswereintheir20sandearly30s,withyearsofmarathonexperience.Onthefirstdayoftherace,Cliffwasleftfarbehindanddidn’tlookabletokeepup.Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!Whendawnbroke,theotherrunnerswereshockedtolearnthattheoldfarmerwasintheleadandthattheywouldhavetocatchupwithhim.Althoughhewasstillrunningataslowpace,thefactthathegimplydidn’tstoprunninghelpedhimkeeptheleadforthewholefiveandahalfdaysuntilhecrossedthefinishline.Whenhandeda$10,000checkasaprizeforwinningtherace,Cliffdecidedtokeepnoneofitforhimselfandinsteadgaveittotheotherfiverunners,whoeventuallymanagedtofinishtherace.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2mean?A.Seemednervous. B.Wasverynoticeable.C.Gotahandinjury. D.Feltquiteunfortable.5.Whatwasothers’feelingaboutCliff’sconfidenceinpletingtherace?A.Shock. B.Respect. C.Excitement. D.Disbelief.6.HowdidCliffYoungwintherace?A.Hesavedhisenergyatfirst. B.Hekeepsrunningwithoutsleep.C.Hedevelopedafastrunningrhythm. D.Hespedupinthelasttwodaysoftherace.7.WhichcanbestdescribeCliffYoung?A.Strongwilledandgenerous. B.petitiveandcaring.C.Experiencedandoutgoing. D.Positiveandhumorous.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一位種土豆的農(nóng)民如何在競爭激烈的馬拉松比賽中脫穎而出，并展示了他如何通過跑步為無家可歸者籌集資金的無私行為?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下一句“Differentfromtheotherpetitors,Cliffwasdressedasifhehadjustreturnedfromthefield,whichattractedtheattentionofreporterspresent.(與其他選手不同的是，克里夫的穿著就像剛從賽場上回來一樣，這引起了在場記者的注意。)”可推測，克利夫在比賽中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，非常搶眼，引人注目。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“SometimesI’dhavetorunthosesheepfortwoorthreedays.Ittookalongtime,butI’dalwayscatchthem.So,IbelieveIcanrunthisrace.”Nooneactuallybelievedhim.(有時(shí)我得趕兩三天的羊?；ê荛L時(shí)間，但我總能抓到它們。所以，我相信我能跑完這場比賽?！睂?shí)際上沒有人相信他。)”可知，當(dāng)Cliff深信自己可以跑完比賽時(shí)，人們不相信他。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!(但他有一個(gè)沒人能想象到的優(yōu)勢——所有其他選手都是每天訓(xùn)練18個(gè)小時(shí)，然后休息6個(gè)小時(shí)，但這位61歲的老人直到到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線才打算停下來！)”可知，CliffYoung在比賽中不眠不休地跑，直到到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Onthefirstdayoftherace,Cliffwasleftfarbehindanddidn’tlookabletokeepup.Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!(在比賽的第一天，克里夫遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落在后面，看起來無法跟上。但他有一個(gè)沒人能想象到的優(yōu)勢——所有其他選手都是每天訓(xùn)練18個(gè)小時(shí)，然后休息6個(gè)小時(shí)，但這位61歲的老人直到到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線才打算停下來！)”可知，Cliff是個(gè)有決心的人；根據(jù)文章第五段“Althoughhewasstillrunningataslowpace,thefactthathegimplydidn’tstoprunninghelpedhimkeeptheleadforthewholefiveandahalfdaysuntilhecrossedthefinishline.Whenhandeda$10,000checkasaprizeforwinningtherace,Cliffdecidedtokeepnoneofitforhimselfandinsteadgaveittotheotherfiverunners,whoeventuallymanagedtofinishtherace.(雖然他仍然以緩慢的速度奔跑，但他根本沒有停止奔跑的事實(shí)幫助他在整個(gè)五天半的時(shí)間里保持領(lǐng)先，直到他越過終點(diǎn)線。當(dāng)獲得1萬美元的支票作為贏得比賽的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)，克里夫決定不把它留給自己，而是把它給了其他五名選手，他們最終完成了比賽。)”可知，他意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)且非常有愛心，是個(gè)善良的人。故選A。COnce,whenIwasteachinginKorea,somestudentscametoclasstiredbecausetheyhadstayedupallnightstudyingfortheirbiologyexam.“Honestly,I’dpreferifyouhadsleptalldaylongdoingnothingatall,”Itoldthem.“Becauseyouguysdon’tknowthefirstthingaboutbiology—allanimalsneedsomeformofsleeporrest.”Forthousandsofyears,traditionaleducationhasfocusedoncramming(填塞)students’headswithfactsandnumbersinthehopesthattheywillonedaybeabletoapplyatleastsomeofthesetheoriesandprinciplesinreallife.Now,however,thefocusofmoderneducationhasgreatlychanged.Thereisagrowingtendencytowardsthephilosophyoflearningbydoing.Forthisreason,theideaofthe“gapyear”hasgainedwidespreadpopularityamongstudentsinWesterncountries.Aftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.Icouldn’tagreemorewiththisidea.WhilemoststudentsinChinacan’taffordtheluxuryoftakingabreakfromstudiesandobservingtheworld,youcanstilltakea“gapday”onceaweektoconsciouslyrelaxandclearyourmind.Youcanhangoutwithfriends,gotoazoooranaturalhistorymuseumandask“Whyarethegreenfrogsgreenandthebluefrogsblue,andwhichonesarepoisonous?”Youcanalsotakearideonabullettrainandlookoutatthepassinglandscape.Whenanothertrainsuddenlythunderspostyouintheoppositedirection,youmaywonder“Whyisitgoingsofast?”Ifyoucananswerallofthese“stupid”questions,youwillhaveunderstoodthegeneralfundamentalsofCharlesDarwin’stheoryofevolutionandAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Thenatureoftheworldisnotunlikeatrain.Withalloftheabstracttheoriesandprincipleswehavelearnedinschool,itisalsoatrainwewouldn’twanttomiss.8.WhydoestheauthormentionhisexperienceinParagraph1?A.Tostateanopinion. B.Toexplainafact.C.Toshowaconclusion. D.Tointroducethetopic9.Whatisthefocusofmoderneducation?A.Thevarietyofactivities. B.Theamountofknowledge.C.Theideaofpracticallearning. D.Therepetitionoflearnedknowledge.10.WhichisNOTadvisedtododuringa“gapday/year”?A.Takeajourney. B.Dovoluntarywork.C.Visitalocalmuseum. D.Continueacademicwork.11.WhatdoesitmeantotrulyunderstandCharlesDarwin’sandAlbertEinstein’stheories?A.Beingabletoapplythetheoriesinlife.B.Beingabletoanswerthesillyquestions.C.Beingabletoaskquestionsindailylife.D.Beingabletorecitethetheoriesandprinciples.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章通過作者在韓國教學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，強(qiáng)調(diào)了休息對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，并批評(píng)了傳統(tǒng)教育中填鴨式的教學(xué)方法。文章提倡現(xiàn)代教育應(yīng)更注重實(shí)踐和體驗(yàn)，提到了西方流行的“間隔年”概念。作者建議中國學(xué)生可以采取“間隔日”方式，通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)來放松和拓展視野，從而更深刻地理解理論知識(shí)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Once,whenIwasteachinginKorea,somestudentscametoclasstiredbecausetheyhadstayedupallnightstudyingfortheirbiologyexam.“Honestly,I’dpreferifyouhadsleptalldaylongdoingnothingatall,”Itoldthem.“Becauseyouguysdon’tknowthefirstthingaboutbiology—allanimalsneedsomeformofsleeporrest.”(有一次，當(dāng)我在韓國教書的時(shí)候，一些學(xué)生因?yàn)榘疽箿?zhǔn)備生物考試而疲憊地來到教室?！袄蠈?shí)說，我寧愿你們整天睡個(gè)覺什么也不做，”我告訴他們。“因?yàn)槟銈冞@些家伙根本不懂生物學(xué)——所有動(dòng)物都需要某種形式的睡眠或休息?！?”和第二段“Forthousandsofyears,traditionaleducationhasfocusedoncramming(填塞)students’headswithfactsandnumbersinthehopesthattheywillonedaybeabletoapplyatleastsomeofthesetheoriesandprinciplesinreallife.(幾千年來，傳統(tǒng)教育的重點(diǎn)是向?qū)W生灌輸事實(shí)和數(shù)字，希望他們有一天能夠?qū)⑵渲械囊恍├碚摵驮瓌t應(yīng)用到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。)”可推斷，作者分享了一個(gè)個(gè)人軼事，為討論休息的重要性以及不僅僅是填鴨式學(xué)習(xí)，而是理解和應(yīng)用知識(shí)的重要性做鋪墊，引入了對(duì)現(xiàn)代教育重點(diǎn)的討論，即實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Now,however,thefocusofmoderneducationhasgreatlychanged.Thereisagrowingtendencytowardsthephilosophyoflearningbydoing.(然而，現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)代教育的重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。從實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的哲學(xué)越來越受歡迎。)”和“ftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.(從高中大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，這些年輕人在重新開始學(xué)習(xí)之前會(huì)花一年的時(shí)間參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)，比如志愿者工作，以獲得實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)并擴(kuò)大他們的世界觀。)”可知，現(xiàn)代教育正在向“通過實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)”的哲學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)變，這種哲學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)的應(yīng)用，而不是機(jī)械記憶。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Aftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.(從高中大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，這些年輕人在重新開始學(xué)習(xí)之前會(huì)花一年的時(shí)間參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)，比如志愿者工作，以獲得實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)并擴(kuò)大他們的世界觀。)”可知，文章建議從學(xué)術(shù)工作中休息，參與實(shí)踐活動(dòng)和體驗(yàn)，不包括繼續(xù)學(xué)術(shù)工作。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“…Youcanalsotakearideonabullettrainandlookoutatthepassinglandscape.Whenanothertrainsuddenlythunderspostyouintheoppositedirection,youmaywonder“Whyisitgoingsofast?”Ifyoucananswerallofthese“stupid”questions,youwillhaveunderstoodthegeneralfundamentalsofCharlesDarwin’stheoryofevolutionandAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.(……你也可以乘坐子彈頭列車，眺望過往的風(fēng)景。當(dāng)另一列火車突然從相反的方向轟鳴而過時(shí)，你可能會(huì)想：“為什么它開得這么快？”如果你能回答所有這些“愚蠢”的問題，你就已經(jīng)理解了查爾斯·達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論和阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論的基本原理。)”和最后一段“Thenatureoftheworldisnotunlikeatrain.Withalloftheabstracttheoriesandprincipleswehavelearnedinschool,itisalsoatrainwewouldn’twanttomiss.(世界的本質(zhì)就像一列火車。我們在學(xué)校里學(xué)過所有抽象的理論和原理，這也是我們不想錯(cuò)過的火車。)”可推斷，真正理解這些理論是通過能夠看到它們在日常生活中的相關(guān)性和應(yīng)用來展示的，而不僅僅是能夠背誦它們。提到的“愚蠢”問題是一個(gè)隱喻，指的是這些復(fù)雜理論在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。故選A。DWerecognizejusticebeforewecantalk,reportsaresearchteaminNatureHumanBehaviour.TheKyotobasedstudyfindsthathumaninfants(嬰兒)recognizeheroicactsfromearlystagesofdevelopment,suggestingthatwearebornwithasenseofjustice—andlikewise,admirationforheroes.Thescientistsseethisastheexplanationforwhykidsandadultsalikehaveaneverendingloveforsuperherostoriesinpopularculture.Theteam,ledbyMasakoMyowaofKyotoUniversity,showedthatinfantsasyoungassixmonthsinagefindthemselvesdrawntofigureswhoprotecttheweak.“Inhumansociety,selflesslyprotectingthepowerlessisconsideredtobeanactofheroicjustice.Butunderstandingthisisnoteasy,”explainsfirstauthorYasuhiroKanakogi.“Youfirsthavetorealizethepowerrelationshipbetweentheactors,andthenthatthehero’sactionsaresupportiveofthevictim(受害者).Andfinally,youhavetounderstandthattheheroactedintentionally.”Inaseriesofexperiments,infantswereshowncartoonsofonecharacterrunningafterandbumpingintoanother,asathirdcharacterwatchesfromadistance.Inoneversion,thisthirdpartycharacterintervenes(干預(yù)),andinanother,itrunsawayinanotherdirection.Whentheinfantswerethenshownreallifeversionsoftheseinterveningandnoninterveningcharacters,theyweremorelikelytochoosetheintervener.Asinfantsgrow,theydevelopamoreplexunderstandingaboutjustice.Theresearchteam’snextstepistotrackthepathofthisdevelopment.“Inthisstudy,sixmontholdsdidn’tshowapreferenceforintentionalhelpoveraccidentalhelp,whiletenmontholdsdid,”saysProfessorMyowa.Inseekingtounderstandhowamoreplexsenseofjusticeisdevelopedovertime,theteamfinallysees“apossibilityofleadingtosolutionsforserioussocialproblemssuchasbullying.”12.WhatdoesunderstandingheroicjusticerequireaccordingtoYasuhiroKanakogi?A.Noticingtheactors’poweronly.B.Agreeingtheheroisalwaysthestrongest.C.Believingthatthehero’sactionsareaccidental.D.Understandinghero’sintentiontosupportthevictim.13.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheinfantsfromtheseexperiments?A.Theypreferredaccidentalhelpoverintentionalone.B.Theytendedtochoosethosewhointervenedtohelp.C.Theyweredrawntofigureouthowtoprotecttheweak.D.Theycouldtellthedifferencebetweenintentionalandaccidentalactions.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefutureresearchfocus. B.Theongoingresearchbackground.C.Theprobableresearchlimitation. D.Thepracticalresearchapplication.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.TheEvolutionofJustice:ALifelongJourney.B.APossibleSolution:InspirationsfromHeroes.C.AnInbornAbility:TheLoveforSuperheroes.D.ThePowerofProtection:InfantsandHeroism.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了京都大學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒天生具有識(shí)別正義行為的能力?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Youfirsthavetorealizethepowerrelationshipbetweentheactors,andthenthatthehero’sactionsaresupportiveofthevictim(受害者).Andfinally,youhavetounderstandthattheheroactedintentionally.(首先，你必須意識(shí)到行動(dòng)者之間的權(quán)力關(guān)系，然后認(rèn)識(shí)到英雄的行為是對(duì)受害者的支持。最后，你必須理解英雄的行為是出于故意。)”可知，理解英勇正義需要理解英雄支持受害者的意圖。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Whentheinfantswerethenshownreallifeversionsoftheseinterveningandnoninterveningcharacters,theyweremorelikelytochoosetheintervener.(當(dāng)嬰兒隨后被展示這些干預(yù)和未干預(yù)角色的真實(shí)生活版本時(shí)，他們更傾向于選擇干預(yù)者。)”可知，他們傾向于選擇那些介入幫助的人。故選B。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Asinfantsgrow,theydevelopamoreplexunderstandingaboutjustice.Theresearchteam’snextstepistotrackthepathofthisdevelopment.“Inthisstudy,sixmontholdsdidn’tshowapreferenceforintentionalhelpoveraccidentalhelp,whiletenmontholdsdid,”saysProfessorMyowa.Inseekingtounderstandhowamoreplexsenseofjusticeisdevelopedovertime,theteamfinallysees“apossibilityofleadingtosolutionsforserioussocialproblemssuchasbullying.”(隨著嬰兒的成長，他們對(duì)正義有了更加復(fù)雜的理解。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)下一步將追蹤這一發(fā)展路徑。“在這項(xiàng)研究中，六個(gè)月大的嬰兒沒有表現(xiàn)出對(duì)有意幫助和偶然幫助的偏好差異，而十個(gè)月大的嬰兒則表現(xiàn)出了這種偏好，”Myowa教授說。為了理解隨著時(shí)間推移更復(fù)雜的正義感是如何發(fā)展的，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)最終看到了“解決欺凌等嚴(yán)重社會(huì)問題的可能性”。)”可知，這一段主要講述的是未來的研究重點(diǎn)。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Werecognizejusticebeforewecantalk,reportsaresearchteaminNatureHumanBehaviour.TheKyotobasedstudyfindsthathumaninfants(嬰兒)recognizeheroicactsfromearlystagesofdevelopment,suggestingthatwearebornwithasenseofjustice—andlikewise,admirationforheroes.(一個(gè)研究小組在《自然人類行為》雜志上報(bào)道說，我們在會(huì)說話之前就認(rèn)識(shí)到了正義。這項(xiàng)基于京都的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類嬰兒在發(fā)育的早期階段就認(rèn)識(shí)到英雄行為，這表明我們生來就有正義感——同樣，對(duì)英雄的欽佩。)”可知，文章主要講述了嬰兒天生就具有對(duì)英勇正義的理解和對(duì)英雄的欽佩，并且隨著他們的成長，他們對(duì)正義的理解變得更加復(fù)雜。因此，文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該與嬰兒對(duì)英勇正義的理解和對(duì)英雄的愛有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C“AnInbornAbility:TheLoveforSuperheroes(天生的能力：對(duì)超級(jí)英雄的愛)”最能概括文章的主旨，即嬰兒天生具有對(duì)超級(jí)英雄的愛，這體現(xiàn)了他們對(duì)英勇正義的理解和欽佩。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文中的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtotravellikealocalBynowtheconceptof“travelinglikealocal”isquitepopular.Whatexactlydoesitmeanandhowdoesonedoit?___16___We’llputforthoursubjectivedefinitiontravelinglikealocalmeansactingonarealdesiretosharethelivedexperiencesofthepeopleoftheplaceyou’revisiting.___17___Forexample,inmostplaces83yearoldgrandmasand13yearoldgirlsareprobablylivingverydifferentlives.Nowlet’sputitintopractice.Usuallywhenitestofood,hereisaninterestingquestion.Wouldyourathereat“themostItalian”pizzaoreatpizzawheremostItalianseat?Oursuggestion?___18___Hopefullytheydon’tgiveMcDonaldsasananswer.Although...itisactuallykindoffuntoseenowmenuscanvaryacrossMcDonaldsindifferentcountries.Asfortransportation,it’seasyenoughtograbatouristtransportationservicetogetfrompointAtoBonyourtravels.Whileitwilllikelybeslower,trygettingfromAtoBlikethepeoplelivingtherewould.___19___Ourfinaladvicecentersaroundtime,whichmeansspendingmoretimeinoneplace.Toooften,travelcanleavelittletimeforyoutosharethelivedexperiencesofthelocals.Butbybuildinginlongerstays,you’llfindmorechancestoconnectwiththelocalsaroundyou.Youcanstaylongeratacafeandstrikeupaconversationwiththelocalnexttoyou.___20___Besidesthat,extendedtravelinfewerlocationsisawholelotbetterfortheplanet.A.Choosewhicheveryoulike.B.Askthelocalswheretheyeat.C.Inthispostwe’retryingtoanswerthesequestions.D.Obviously“l(fā)ivedexperience”couldvaryquitewidelyamongdifferentpeople.E.Thismightmeanasubway,train,minibus,oranycreativealternativestowalking.F.Youcanalsotakeyourtimetorecordthesightaswellasthelocalculturewithacamera.G.Youmayalsoaskthelocalbakersonyourvisittotheirshopabouthowtheymaketheirgoodies.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇關(guān)于如何像當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯勇眯械闹改?。文章解釋了“像?dāng)?shù)厝艘粯勇眯小钡母拍?，并提供了一些?shí)用的建議，幫助旅行者更深入地體驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡氐奈幕蜕罘绞??！?6題詳解】標(biāo)題中提到了“travelinglikealocal(想當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯勇眯?”這個(gè)概念的流行，緊接著提出了問題“Whatexactlydoesitmeanandhowdoesonedoit?(這到底意味著什么，以及如何做到)”。C項(xiàng)“Inthispostwe’retryingtoanswerthesequestions.(在這篇文章中，我們試圖回答這些問題。)”緊隨其后，表明文章的目的是回答這些問題，符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文提出“We’llputforthoursubjectivedefinition—travelinglikealocalmeansactingonarealdesiretosharethelivedexperiencesofthepeopleoftheplaceyou’revisiting.(我們將提出我們的主觀定義——像當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯勇眯幸馕吨嬲释窒砟闼L問之地人民的生活體驗(yàn)。)”，這里提到了生活體驗(yàn)，D項(xiàng)“Obviously“l(fā)ivedexperience”couldvaryquitewidelyamongdifferentpeople.(顯然，“生活體驗(yàn)”在不同人之間可能會(huì)有很大的差異。)”與上文相呼應(yīng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了“生活體驗(yàn)”在不同人之間的差異性，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】上文提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于食物的有趣問題“Wouldyourathereat“themostItalian”pizzaoreatpizzawheremostItalianseat?Oursuggestion?(你更愿意吃“最意大利式”的披薩，還是大多數(shù)意大利人吃的披薩？我們的建議是？)”，B項(xiàng)“Askthelocalswheretheyeat.(問問當(dāng)?shù)厝怂麄冊谀睦锍燥垺?”提供了一個(gè)實(shí)際的建議，即詢問當(dāng)?shù)厝怂麄冊谀睦锍?，符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文討論了交通方式“Asfortransportation,it’seasyenoughtograbatouristtransportationservicetogetfrompointAtoBonyourtravels.(至于交通，旅行時(shí)很容易就能搭上旅游交通服務(wù)從A點(diǎn)到B點(diǎn)。)”，E項(xiàng)“Thismightmeanasubway,train,minibus,oranycreativealternativestowalking.(這可能意味著乘坐地鐵、火車、小巴，或者任何有創(chuàng)意的步行替代方案。)”提供了具體的交通方式選擇，符合題意，故選E項(xiàng)。20題詳解】上文“Butbybuildinginlongerstays,you’llfindmorechancestoconnectwiththelocalsaroundyou.Youcanstaylongeratacafeandstrikeupaconversationwiththelocalnexttoyou.(但如果你住得更久，你會(huì)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)與周圍的當(dāng)?shù)厝私⒙?lián)系。你可以在咖啡館多待一會(huì)兒，和旁邊的當(dāng)?shù)厝伺收劇?”可知下文舉例子和周圍人聯(lián)系相關(guān)的。G項(xiàng)“Youmayalsoaskthelocalbakersonyourvisittotheirshopabouthowtheymaketheirgoodies.(當(dāng)你去當(dāng)?shù)氐拿姘陼r(shí)，你也可以詢問他們是如何制作美食的。)”和上文敘述一致，符合題意，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分完形填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Afterlandingajob,Idecidedtotakethegymseriously.Togetherwithafriend,I___21___aroutineofwalkingonthetreadmill(跑步機(jī)).Iwas___22___withourroutineinthegym.Myfriend,however,alwaystheadventurousone,becameboredafterawhile.Oneday,hesuggestedthatwe___23___anoutdoorsport.Beingaclumsyandinactiveperson,I___24___hisidea.Butseveralweekslater,hemanagedtogetmetostepontoanoutdoorracquetball(美式墻網(wǎng)球)court.Myfirsttimeonthecourtwasaseriesof___25___.Theballseemedtohaveamindofitsown,zippingpastme,overme,andsometimesevenhittingme.WhenIhittheball,IsentitflyingineverydirectionexceptthedirectionthatIhad___26___.Still,somehow,Itriedhardtolearnitandbecame___27___afterlotsofpractice.Afewweekslater,hewasatitagain.“We’restuckinarut.Let’strytennis,”hesaid.“Tennis?Noway!That___28___realskills!”Ifirmlystoodmyground___29___hislatestsuggestion.Nevertheless,thereIwas,ona____30____tenniscourtwithafacefullofsweat,holdingmyracketnervously.____31____,afterseveralmonthsofpainfu