2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (人教版)專題01 非謂語動詞（學生版）

第01講非謂語動詞目錄語法導航：溫習語法知識小試牛刀：基礎過關+能力提升考點一非謂語動詞的形式和句法功能種類不定式動詞ing動詞ed時態(tài)一般式進行式完成式一般式完成式一般式主動todotobedoingtohavedonedoinghavingdone×被動tobedone×tohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone(vt.)表示被動完成主語√√×賓語√√×賓補√√√表語√√√定語√√√狀語√√√考點二非謂語動詞作狀語1.動詞ing（1.）表示：結果，時間，伴隨，原因，條件，方式，讓步...①結果：表示順其自然的結果Ialwaysstudyhard,(make)mehaveagoodgrade.我總是努力學習，使得我有好成績。寫作經(jīng)常可以搭配含義“使”的動詞（make,leave）使用來變成一個高級句子=由which“這”引導的定從Ialwaysstudyhard,making(make)mehaveagoodgrade.=Ialwaysstudyhard,whichmakes/leavesmehaveagoodgrade.②時間：doing表示與謂語動作發(fā)生時間差不多但發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前強調(diào)先后要用havingdone?。?！如果被動需變成havingbeendone可寫在作文(hear)thenews,theygotveryexcited.“聽到這個消息，他們很興奮”（clean）thedesks,webeganreadingbooks.“擦完桌子之后，我們便開始讀書”(show)aroundtheclassroom,weweretakentoseethelibrary.“我們被帶領看了教室后，又被帶去看圖書館”動詞ed）表示動作與主語之間為動賓關系（被動）(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.“從山頂上看，這座城市很美”動詞todo①目的狀語，不定式的動作必須由主語發(fā)出，位于句首和句中，形式上還可用inordertodo，soastodo，但是soastodo不能放于句首Inorder(pass)theexam,heworkedhard.“為了通過考試，他努力學習”Theymadeastudy(study)thecreature.“為了研究這個生物，他們制定研究”②結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果，常于only連用（onlytodo）被動語態(tài)onlytobedoneWehurriedtothestation,only(find)thatthetrainhadleft.“我們匆忙地趕到車站，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)走了”Wehurriedtothestation,only(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.“我們匆忙地趕到車站，結果被告訴車已經(jīng)開車了”③原因狀語，放在形容詞和動詞-ed形式之后做表語，與其構成原因狀語，常見的有(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased...)一般搭配be：be+adj./v-ed+todo（固定）We’reproud(be)youngpeopleofChina.“我們做為中國青年而自豪”獨立主格結構（充當狀語）作文高分的寫法①結構：真正主語+謂語+邏輯主語+分詞；也可以反過來邏輯主語+分詞+真正主語+謂語??！記住要，隔開（兩個主語）②獨立主格=邏輯主語+分詞③做狀語④邏輯主語（名詞/代詞）+分詞（adj./n./doing/done/todo...）?。?！寫作分詞部分我們就寫adj.doing（主動）done（被動）Thework（邏輯主語）done（分詞）,we(真正的主語)went（謂語）home.“工作做完之后，我們回家”Mom(真主)insisted（謂語）thatwe（should）gocampinginthenextvillage，hereyes（邏輯主語）twinkling（分詞）withjoy.“媽媽堅持要求我們在一下個村莊野營，她的眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒”隨堂小練11.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.

2.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.

3.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.

4.ManyChinesebrands,(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.

5.Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.

6.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.

7.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.

8.(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,youdbetterkeepthiscardathand.

9.(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

10.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.

考點三非謂語動詞作定語1.動詞ing①單個動詞ing一般做前置定語，動詞ing形式的短語一般是后置定語，表示用途，說明名詞/代詞的性質(zhì)，特征，強調(diào)動作。asleepingcar=acarforsleeping②主動進行Youspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighway(connect)CuscotoLakeTiticaca.2.動詞ed①單個動詞ed一般做前置定語，動詞ed形式的短語一般是后置定語，表示用途，說明名詞/代詞的性質(zhì)，特征，強調(diào)狀態(tài)。Thepollutedwatercauseddiseasesanddeath.②被動完成TsinghuaUniversity,(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.“成立于1911的清華大學是許多杰出人物的家”③由前面doing強調(diào)動作正在進行和done強調(diào)狀態(tài)完成，可得某些短語的區(qū)別：boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater已經(jīng)燒開的水（開水）動詞todo①通常位于所修飾的名詞或者代詞之后，與其構成主謂或者動賓的關系Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主謂)Haveyougotalettertowrite?(動賓)②當名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thevery，thelast，theonly修飾，且與邏輯主語為主謂關系時，用動詞不定式做定語！??！被動語態(tài)tobedoneHeisthebestmantodothejob.Heisthelastmantobetoldthenews.③當名詞是表示將來的抽象意義（dream，goal，ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity...）用todo做后置定語（固定）主動表被動Shegotachancetostudyabroad.④作定語的動詞不定式中，其中動詞為不及物動詞，不定式要加必要的介詞。Heisaverynicepersontoworkwith.隨堂小練21.Asugarpaintingismadewith(melt)brownorwhitesugar.

2.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace(sleep),butIrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.

3.ThesurveyofateaminCanadafoundthatoneinfourofallmicrofibersinthesamples(take)acrossCanada,fromTorontototheArcticwerebluejeans.

4.Theyfeelthefullstoponce(use)intraditionaltextingisnotessentialatallbecausethemessageisnowendedjustbysendingit.

5.Intheexperiments,theresearchersaskedhundredsofparticipantstowriteanemailtosomeoneclosetothem(express)theirappreciationandgivingaspecificexampleofhowthatpersonmadetheirlivesbetter.

6.TOYOTAhasannouncedane-PaletteConceptVehicle(概念車)(design)tomeetvariousdemandsoffuturetransportationandbusinessapplications.

7.TheHZMB,(locate)atthewatersoftheLingdingyangofPearlRiverestuary,isahugesea-crossingbridge,linkingHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai.

8.Asweallknow,themarathonisanother,whichisalong-distancerace(create)inhonourofaGreeksoldierrunningfromMarathontoAthenstoreportthevictoryattheBattleofMarathon.

9.Onaverage,freshorganicfruitsandvegetablescontain50percentmorevitaminsandmineralsthanfood(treat)withchemicals.

10.LouisCha,better(know)byhispennameJinYong,diedonTuesdayattheHongKongSanatorium&Hospitalatage94.

考點四非謂語動詞作賓補復合結構With1.with+O.+OC.(充當定語和狀語)OC.①:形容詞或介詞短語或副詞（形容詞比較常見）Witheverythingready:一切準備就緒②:doing:主動進行③:done:被動完成④:todo:主動將來Find（found，found）2.find+o.+oc.Oc.①:形容詞或者介詞短語②：doing：主動進行③：done：被動完成或者狀態(tài)擴展：find+it(形式賓語)+形容詞/名詞+todo(真正的賓語)...感官動詞感官動詞+o.+oc.（see,notice,lookat,watch,observe,spot,listento,hear,feel,taste,smell...）Oc.①doing:主動進行②done：被動完成③（to）do：主動，全過程！??！省略to的不定式！??！擴展：③用于被動語態(tài)中要還原to，此時賓補變成主補。Iseehimenterthebuilding.(主動)Hewasseentoenterthebuilding.(被動)使役動詞使役動詞+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)Oc.①doing:主動進行②done：被動完成③（to）do：主動持續(xù)！??！get和let不省略to隨堂小練31.AsIapproachedmycar,Inoticedoneperson(stand)besideme.

2.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,QinShiHuanghadallthewalls(join)up.

3.Withlesspeople(choose)tomakesugarpaintings,thetraditionalChinesefolkcraftmighthavebecomeadistantmemoryinsomeways.

4.Inwesterncountries,afteralongdaywiththesun(burn)yourback,abottleofcoldwatersoundsliketheperfectsolution.

5.Donotopenyourmouthtotalk,unlessyouhaveswallowedyourfood.Also,chewfoodwithyourmouth(close).

考點五非謂語動詞作主語和賓語和表語1．動詞不定式和動名詞(短語)作主語不定式(短語)作主語，表示某一具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動作；動名詞(短語)作主語，表示抽象的、泛指的動作，尤其是一般行為傾向。兩者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主語，而把不定式或動名詞(短語)置于后面。動名詞(短語)用it作形式主語代替時，常用于“Itisnouse/gooddoingsth”結構中。不定式和動名詞(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。①It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.asmuchaspossibleisnecessary.學好英語不容易，廣泛閱讀是有必要的。②Itisnogoodwithoutpractice.只學習不實踐沒有好處。③It'simportantforthefiguresregularly.對數(shù)字進行定期更新很重要。2．動詞不定式和動名詞可用作賓語(1)afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等動詞后要接不定式作賓語。①Thesmallboywantedacomputerofhisown.這個小男孩想擁有一臺屬于自己的電腦。(2)come,get,grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地……”。②Shehasahottemper,butyouwillgrowher.她脾氣很急，但你會漸漸喜歡她的。(3)admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等動詞后要接動名詞作賓語。③BillsuggestedameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.比爾建議召開一個關于在假期為世博會做些什么的會議。(4)giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等短語后要接動名詞作賓語。④Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.在那個餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。(5)動詞like,love,prefer,hate等后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。但表示經(jīng)常性的動作要用動名詞，表示具體的行為要用不定式。⑤Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)動詞need,require,want作“需要”講時，其后要用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。且句子的主語通常為表示事物的名詞。與此有相同用法的動詞還有deserve“值得”。⑥Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.窗戶需要擦了。(7)介詞后一般要接動名詞作賓語。但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時，如前面有實義動詞do，不定式就要省略to。⑦Uponattheairport,hedeliveredanimportantspeech.一到機場，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。⑧Hehasnothingtodobutdownandsleep.無事可做，他只能躺下睡覺。(8)動詞，如：find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等常用于“...it＋adj./n.＋todo”結構中，it為形式賓語，todo為真正的賓語，形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語。⑨Hefounddifficulttoworkouttheproblem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解決這一問題。(9)既可用動名詞，又可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞：例詞后接動名詞后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regretdoing表示動作已發(fā)生remember/forget/regrettodo表示動作未發(fā)生trytrydoing試著做trytodo努力做stopstopdoing停止正在干的事stoptodo停下來做別的事⑩IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.我仍記得別人帶我去過法門寺，并記得在那里所看到的事物。?—Iregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyinterview!——我很遺憾地通知你，你的申請沒有成功?！獩]成功？在面試中我表現(xiàn)得很出色呀！3．動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞可用作表語(1)當動詞-ing形式或過去分詞作表語時，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞。①Thestorysoundsinteresting.這個故事聽起來有趣。②Sheisinterestedinthestory.她對那個故事感興趣。(2)表示一般的概念時，不定式、動詞-ing形式可以互換，而表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用不定式。③Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜歡的事情就是看孩子們玩耍。④Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要當個好老師。注意：下列情況下不定式作表語通常省略to：（1）主語是all其后有that引導的定語從句或what引導的從句，且從句中含有do的某種形式時。（2）主語是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容詞最高級或被這些詞修飾，主語后有定語從句，且定語從句中含有do的某種形式時。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你現(xiàn)在要做的是把這張表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前進是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。4．“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”結構。該結構是對不定式用法的一個擴展其用法為：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.語法功能：作主語、賓語、表語等,b.常見特殊疑問詞：疑問代詞who，what，which等,和疑問副詞how，when，where等,c.“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”相當于一個名詞,性從句，所以常常可以用對應的從句來代替))①Theteachertaughtthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.(作賓語)老師教學生們?nèi)绾巫鲞@個實驗。②Whentostart(＝Whenweshallstart)hasnotbeendecided.(作主語)何時動身尚未決定。③Theproblemiswheretoputthiscomputer.(作表語)問題是該把這臺計算機放在哪兒。注意：（1）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等詞后作賓語。（2）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。（3）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”中，用特殊疑問副詞和whether時，不定式用主動形式；用疑問代詞，且構成不定式的動詞與疑問代詞為動賓關系時，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義，且不定式后一般不能再加賓語。隨堂小練31.Thedaughter,ZhiNu,andthecowherd,NiuLang,got(marry)andthecouplelivedhappilyforseveralyears.

2.Itwouldbegood(explain)tothestudentswhatskillstheycangetthroughcoursesorassignmentsatdifferentstages.

3.Firstofall,(become)awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress.

4.Theyoftenseem(dislike)beingquestioned.

5.Butmobilephonesarealsoathreattoourhealth.(use)themfortoolongtendstomakeuspassiveandignorephysicalexercise,whichwillcauseobesityandpooreyesight.

6.Toreallyappreciateandunderstandanotherlanguageyouneed(understand)itscultureandphilosophy.

7.WorldIndustrialDesignDayisforteachingpeopleaboutthehistoryofindustrialdesignandpotentially(get)peopleinterestedintheprofession.

8.Hewalkedawayfromhisrealestatecareertocommithislifeto(help)otherschangetheirlivesandovercometheirchallenges.

基礎過關考點一、單詞語法填空1.Theystartedtowardsthevillagewiththeboy(lead)theway.2.ThereisonethingIdislikeabouthim.Heneveradmits(make)amistake.3．Alotofpeopleattachgreatimportanceto(become)richandfamous.4．Hisdearestwishis(see)hisgrandchildrenagain.5．Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendup(get)somethingyoudon’twant.6．Johnisnothere.Try(phone)hishomenumber,andmaybeyoucanfindhim.7．Mollytoldme(use)flashcardswasoneofthemostusefullearningstrategies.8．Theeducationalsoftware(aim)athelpingstudentsimprovetheirmathskillshasbeenupdatedtoincludemoreinteractivelessonsandadditionalexercises.9．Herjobis(teach)signlanguageinaschool.10．Withhiseyes(focus)onhisscreen,hedidn’tnoticemeenterhisstudio.11．Thedigitalagealsoenablesus(find)peoplewhoshareourinterests,suchascollectingmodelcarsorplayinganunusualinstrument.12．ForAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasy(explain).13．Weneedtotryotherapproachesto(solve)theproblem.14．Withthenight(fall),therewasnonewsandIwasonpinsandneedles.15．Theonlywayforus(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.16．Onsocialmediasites,peopletend(post)onlypositiveupdatesthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.17．Youcouldn’timaginethetroublewehad(learn)theEnglishidioms.18．Ourmonitorwassittinginthelibrary,withherhead(bury)inthebookinherhands.19．(occupy)himselfwiththejob,thepresidenthaslittletimewithhisfamily.20．Our(late)forschoolmadetheteacherangry.能力提升一、語法填空Theideaof1.(be)abletowalkonthewaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventusever2.(accomplish)suchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmass(質(zhì)量)pushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,3.(result)inalotofpressurethatmakesus4.(sink).

However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonthewater.Oneofthemost5.(interest)animalsisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrossthewaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoiding6.(get)wetbyrapidly7.(hit)thewater’ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeep8.(move)forward.Forhumans9.(do)this,we’dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourears10.(create)adequate“hitting”.

二、語法填空Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—1.(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater.

Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2.(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin3.(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.

Theresearchers,4.(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided5.(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid6.(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.

Theybeganby7.(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople8.(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater9.(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.10.(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.

2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___36___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___37___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___38___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andcli