攻略02動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二(六種時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理)-【全優(yōu)新中考】2024年中考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)全攻略寶典(上海專用)(原卷版+解析)

攻略02動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二（六種時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理）·模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense·模塊二過去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense·模塊三過去將來時(shí)PastFutureTense·模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊五過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PastPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊六將來完成時(shí)FuturePerfectTense（了解即可）·模塊七用實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)真知模塊一模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：sb.have/hasdone時(shí)間狀語：already,yet,just,sofar,never,ever,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+一段時(shí)間,inthepast/lastfewyears現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的簡單定義：1）過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定的影響；2）過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。比較：Ihad10hamburgerstoday.（今天“吃”的行為已結(jié)束，10為最終結(jié)果。）Ihavehad10hamburgerstoday.（今天到目前為止吃了10個(gè)，可能很飽，也可能還不盡興。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩個(gè)主要用法：用法含義標(biāo)志詞例句已完成動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但后果或影響至今仍然存在.justalready，yetYourletterhasjustbeenreceived.未完成動(dòng)作開始在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在for…,since…Theyhavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.*Hanged,hanged絞死Hung,hung懸掛Lie躺lay,lain，lying；說謊lied,liedLay放置，下蛋l(fā)aid,laid(雷的，雷的）?Attention?你還能列出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一些時(shí)間狀語嗎？recently,lately,總次數(shù)……（XXtimes）since用法結(jié)構(gòu)公式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過去式/過去的時(shí)間狀語I’veknownmybestfriendsincewewereinhighschool.瞬間動(dòng)詞不能直接和for,since的完成時(shí)連用瞬間動(dòng)詞變成延續(xù)動(dòng)詞borrow---_____keep______________buy-----_______have______________catchacold----_haveacold_________die---_________bedead___________fallasleep---___beasleep___________fallill-----______beill______________join------_______bein______________leave---_______beaway____________marry----______bemarried_________start----_______beon______________end----_______beover___________havebeenVShavegone總結(jié)：havebeento___去過_（去了已經(jīng)回來）havegoneto表示_去了（去了還沒回來）havebeenin(始終呆在一個(gè)地方)特別句型It/This+is+序數(shù)詞＋n+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthefirsttimethatI’veseensuchawonderfulperformance.這是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。It/thisis+最高級(jí)/thebest/theworst/themostinteresting/theonly+n.+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)‘Getaway!’istheonlywordsthatshehaseversaidtome.女神對(duì)我說的唯一一句話是“滾開”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)區(qū)別總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，不與具體過去時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)說的是過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)結(jié)束了的動(dòng)作，它和現(xiàn)在沒有直接關(guān)系，即使事實(shí)上和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，說話時(shí)也不強(qiáng)調(diào)這種關(guān)系，而只是指出那個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間。到目前為止總次數(shù)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一次動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)?Attention?Yet，sofar常置于句末，already,just,ever,never等一般置于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前?！镎骖}試煉★1．Aftergraduation,hiscousinwasemployedbyaninternationalcompanyand_______thereeversince.A．worked B．hasworked C．hadworked D．wasworking2．ThisisthethirdtimethatI_______Beijingbutmymother_______herefortwoyears.A．visited;hasleft B．havevisited;hasbeenawayfromC．visited;hasbeenleaving D．havevisited;wasawayfrom3．—It’sselfless________thegreatmantoworkonenergyprojectsabroadundertheBeltandRoadInitiative.—That’strue.He________forPOWERCHINAsincehegraduatedfromcollegein2014.A．for;worked B．of;hasworked C．for;hasworked D．of;isworking4．Internationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquakes.China________an82-memberChinaSearchandRescueTeam.A．sends B．wassent C．hassent D．hasbeensent5．—Whywon’tyougotothemovieswiththemthisSunday?—BecauseI________thefilmtwice.A．watched B．havewatched C．willwatch D．waswatching6．—Emily,haveyoueverheardofQuanHongchan?—Yes,I________hercompetition.SheandChenYuxiwonthefirstplaceinCanada.A．see B．willsee C．haveseen D．wasseeing7．—Greatchanges________inLiangshaninthepasttwoyears.—I’msoproudofmycountry!Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshakeoffpoverty(貧困).A．weretakenplace B．havebeentakenplace C．hadtakenplace D．havetakenplace8．Sinceweenteredourschoolthreeyearsago,we________notonlyknowledgebutalsohowtobearesponsiblecitizen.A．willlearn B．a(chǎn)relearning C．havelearned D．hadlearned9．Pleaseentertheroomquietly.Thebaby________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．hasfallen D．wasfalling10．ThedocumentaryHexiCorridorisverygreat.I________ittwicesofar.A．havewatched B．watch C．willwatch D．watched模塊模塊二過去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：haddone時(shí)間狀語：by+過去時(shí)間ThefamilyofDashwoodhadlongbeensettledinSussex.Theirestatewaslarge,andtheirresidencewasatNorlandPark,inthecentreoftheirproperty,where,formanygenerations,theyhadlivedinsorespectableamannerastoengagethegeneralgoodopinionoftheirsurroundingacquaintance.達(dá)什伍德家在蘇塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一個(gè)偌大的田莊，府第就設(shè)在田莊中心的諾蘭莊園。祖祖輩輩以來，一家人一直過著體面日子，贏得了四近鄉(xiāng)鄰的交口稱譽(yù)。SenseandSensibility過去完成時(shí)用以表示到過去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作已完成或延續(xù)到某一過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語為by+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hismotherhadgonetoworkbythetimehearrivedhome.如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去有明顯的先后順序，最先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)。HeaskedifMrGilbert'soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.★真題試煉★11．BythetimeIrushedintothetheater,theshow________forhalfanhour.A．hadbegun B．began C．wason D．hadbeenon12．—Howlong________you________TVbythetimeIcalledyou?—Forabouttwohours.A．had;watched B．have;watched C．did;watch13．—DidyouseeJackattheparty?—No,he________bythetimeI________there.A．wasleaving;got B．left;hadgot C．hadleft;got14．BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie________fortenminutes.Itwashardtofindmyseat.A．hasbeenon B．hadbegun C．hadbeenon15．—Lilywaslateagainthismorning.Mr.Wangwasveryangrywithher.—Yes.Bythetimeshehurriedintotheclassroom,thebell________.A．haverang B．hadrung C．rung16．We________fourimportantexamsonEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.A．hadhad B．willhave C．havehad17．Bythetimetherescue（營救）mencametohelp,Jack________togetoutoftheburninghouse.A．managed B．hasmanaged C．hadmanaged18．It’sbadlucktoday!BythetimeIgottothetrainstation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．hasbeenaway B．willbeaway C．hadbeenaway19．ChristoldStaciethathe_________whathewasdoingduringthevacation.A．wasjustasked B．wasjustasking C．justasked D．hadjustbeenasked20．—Youlookunhappy,whathappened?—Badluck.IplannedtogotoShenzhen,buttheplane________whenI________attheairport.A．hasleft;arrived B．hadleft;arrived C．left;arrives模塊模塊三過去將來時(shí)PastFutureTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式一：woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)公式二：was/weregoingtodo時(shí)間狀語：soon,thenextday,thenextmonth,thenextyear等表示過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“站在過去說將來”。★真題試煉★21．Theradiosaidthatit________cloudythenextday.A．willbe B．was C．wouldbe D．a(chǎn)re22．Alicehasgonetotheclassroomandshedidn’tsay________.A．whendidshecomeback B．whenwouldshebebackC．whenshecameback D．whenshewouldbeback23．ZhongNanshanoncesaidinhisspeechthatathirdvaccine(疫苗)________theCOVID-19moreeffectively(有效地).A．hasprevented B．willprevent C．prevents D．wouldprevent24．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．willget D．hasgot25．—It’snearlythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmymothershownup?—Shecalledjustnowandpromisedshe________atthree.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．hasarrived D．hadarrived26．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.

—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou__________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．wouldgive D．gave27．—HasSandyhandedinherreport?—Notsure.Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckitagainandshe________itinsoon.A．willhand B．handed C．wouldhand D．hashanded28．—Whenwillourdaughtercomeback?—Shetoldmeonthephonelastnightthatshe________inlateApril.Shemustbepackingthesedays.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．isarriving D．a(chǎn)rrives29．—It’salreadythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmyfathershownup?—Hecalledjustnowandpromisedhe__________atthree.Heshouldbehereinanyminute.A．willarrive B．hasarrived C．wouldarrive D．hadarrived30．—Whywereyoulateforthespeech?—Iwhenmyfrienddroppedby.A．left B．wasabouttoleave C．haveleft D．hadleft模塊模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：have/hasbeendoing時(shí)間狀語：sofar,since+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,for+一段時(shí)間,allmorning等InmyyoungerandmorevulnerableyearsmyfathergavemesomeadvicethatI’vebeenturningover（仔細(xì)考慮）inmymindeversince.“Wheneveryoufeellikecriticizinganyone,”hetoldme,“justrememberthatallthepeopleinthisworldhaven’thadtheadvantagesthatyou’vehad.”TheGreatGatsby現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合，既有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，也有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)。主要表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)；表示長時(shí)間做某事；表示感情色彩。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，因此有“未完成”的含義。試比較：Ihavereadthisbook.（我讀過這本書。）Ihavebeenreadingthisbook.（我一直在讀這本書）?Attention?有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在這兒工作多久了？自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。Ihavelivedhere/havebeenlivingheresince1988.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))__I'vewaitedfor2hours__我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得望穿秋水)_____Ihavebeenwaitingfor2hours.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天。__Ihavejustknownherfortwodays.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。_Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.___________________現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替。這房子已漆了一個(gè)月。_Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.//Wehavebeenpaintingthishouseforamonth._這個(gè)問題已被研究了五天。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedfor5days.//Wehavebeenstudyingthisproblemfor5days.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)&現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)異同現(xiàn)完現(xiàn)完進(jìn)已完成√×未完成√+for/since…√（+for/since…）情感×√被動(dòng)語態(tài)√×適用動(dòng)詞（有since/for：不能用瞬間V）除不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)的V（心理V；情感V；結(jié)果V；瞬間V……）模塊模塊五過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PastPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：hadbeendoing時(shí)間狀語：by+過去時(shí)間，before+過去時(shí)間表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到另外一個(gè)過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)30年。Hequit/gaveupsmokinglastyear.Hehadbeensmokingfor30years.模塊模塊六將來完成時(shí)FuturePerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：willhavedone時(shí)間狀語：before+將來時(shí)間；by+將來時(shí)間，時(shí)間點(diǎn)若是從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Iamsurehewillhavefinishedhisworkbythetimeyouarethere.時(shí)態(tài)Summary一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在work(s)is/am/areworkinghave/hasworkedhave/hasbeenworking過去workedwas/wereworkinghadworkedhadbeenworking將來will/shallworkis/am/aregoingtowork…willbeworkingwillhaveworkedwillhavebeenworking過去將來wouldworkwas/weregoingtowork…wouldbeworkingwouldhaveworkedwouldhavebeenworking根據(jù)“標(biāo)志詞”確定時(shí)態(tài)短語所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)短語所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)now一般現(xiàn)、現(xiàn)進(jìn)howoften一般現(xiàn)、一般過atthistimeyesterday過去進(jìn)行howlong現(xiàn)完、現(xiàn)完進(jìn)lastyear/month一般過sincewhen現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+過去時(shí)間過完inthepastthreeyears現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+將來時(shí)間講完Watchout！現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行根據(jù)語境確定時(shí)態(tài)—Excuseme,sir.Smokingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorryI_____B_____.A.don’tknow B.didn’tknow C.haven’tknown D.can’tknow—Yourphonenumberagain?I____A____quitecatchit.—It’s7226109.A.didn’t B.won't C.don’t D.can’t—Alice.whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?—I__C_______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.did----Mom,4plus4is9,right?----Honey,I____C_____you_________wrong.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//are----Darling,Iamsorry.I_B__you________comingtomorrowmorning,soIdidn'tpreparedinnerforyou.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//are

在英語里有些動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如:see(看見)，hear(聽見)，find(找到)結(jié)果類動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)work表示機(jī)器不能正常運(yùn)行、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)常用do/doesn’twork；open,close,lock表示門、窗等不能正常關(guān)、開、鎖的意思時(shí)常用won’topen/close/lock等，這時(shí)它們是以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?！狢anIhelpyou,sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_D____. A.didn’twork B.won’twork C.can’twork D.doesn’twork窗戶打不開了，得找個(gè)人來修。Thewindowwon'topen.Ineedtofindsomeonetorepairit.//Ineedtohaveitrepaired.(havesthdone讓別人來做，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰)綜合檢測綜合檢測用實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)真知用所給單詞的正確形式填空31．IthinkCreationofGodsIisoneofthebestmoviesI(see)thissummer.32．I(use)thispenforalongtimebutit’sstillgood.33．—That’sanicemobilephone.—Itis.I(have)itfortwomonths.34．ScientistsaretryingtofindlifeonMarsbuttheyanythingyet.(notfind)35．Well(begin)ishalfdone.36．—Haveyouever(ride)ahorsebefore?—Yes,Ijustrodeahorselastmonth.37．Nowadaysthelive-streaming(直播)industryhas(become)animportantplat-form(平臺(tái))ofsellingproductsinChina.38．Whatyou(do)tomycomputer?It’sdead!39．She(marry)fortenyearsandnowshehasalovelydaughter.40．Becareful!Thepainthasn’tyet.(dry)41．Ioversleptthismorning.BythetimeIgottothetrainstation,thetrain________(leave).42．BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrain(leave).43．IthoughtI(finish)mytasktoday,butthereisstillalotlefttodo.I’mgoingcrazy.44．Jimpromisedhe(return)thebooksontimebuthefailed.45．Shesaidshe(leave)forLhasanextmonth.46．Theenemyexpectedhe(regret)notgivinginsoonwhilehewouldratherdiethanbetrayhiscountry.47．Ifheknewabouttheaircrash,he(stop)hisfriendfromgettingontheplaneanyway.48．Jennypromisedthatshe(share)somethinginterestingwithmeassoonasshefinishedreadingthebookAliceinWonderland.49．Hesaidthathe(try)hisbesttolearnEnglishwell,buthegaveitupatlast.50．Nooneknewthenthatit(take)usalongtimetofightagainstthevirus.

攻略02動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二（六種時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理）·模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense·模塊二過去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense·模塊三過去將來時(shí)PastFutureTense·模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊五過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PastPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊六將來完成時(shí)FuturePerfectTense（了解即可）·模塊七用實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)真知模塊一模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：sb.have/hasdone時(shí)間狀語：already,yet,just,sofar,never,ever,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+一段時(shí)間,inthepast/lastfewyears現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的簡單定義：1）過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定的影響；2）過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。比較：(學(xué)生版不出現(xiàn))Ihad10hamburgerstoday.（今天“吃”的行為已結(jié)束，10為最終結(jié)果。）Ihavehad10hamburgerstoday.（今天到目前為止吃了10個(gè)，可能很飽，也可能還不盡興。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩個(gè)主要用法：用法含義標(biāo)志詞例句已完成動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但后果或影響至今仍然存在.justalready，yetYourletterhasjustbeenreceived.未完成動(dòng)作開始在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在for…,since…Theyhavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.*Hanged,hanged絞死Hung,hung懸掛Lie躺lay,lain，lying；說謊lied,liedLay放置，下蛋l(fā)aid,laid(雷的，雷的）?Attention?你還能列出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一些時(shí)間狀語嗎？recently,lately,總次數(shù)……（XXtimes）since用法結(jié)構(gòu)公式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過去式/過去的時(shí)間狀語I’veknownmybestfriendsincewewereinhighschool.瞬間動(dòng)詞不能直接和for,since的完成時(shí)連用瞬間動(dòng)詞變成延續(xù)動(dòng)詞borrow---_____keep______________buy-----_______have______________catchacold----_haveacold_________die---_________bedead___________fallasleep---___beasleep___________fallill-----______beill______________join------_______bein______________leave---_______beaway____________marry----______bemarried_________start----_______beon______________end----_______beover___________havebeenVShavegone總結(jié)：havebeento___去過_（去了已經(jīng)回來）havegoneto表示_去了（去了還沒回來）havebeenin(始終呆在一個(gè)地方)特別句型It/This+is+序數(shù)詞＋n+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthefirsttimethatI’veseensuchawonderfulperformance.這是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。It/thisis+最高級(jí)/thebest/theworst/themostinteresting/theonly+n.+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)‘Getaway!’istheonlywordsthatshehaseversaidtome.女神對(duì)我說的唯一一句話是“滾開”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)區(qū)別總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，不與具體過去時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)說的是過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)結(jié)束了的動(dòng)作，它和現(xiàn)在沒有直接關(guān)系，即使事實(shí)上和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，說話時(shí)也不強(qiáng)調(diào)這種關(guān)系，而只是指出那個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間。到目前為止總次數(shù)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一次動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)?Attention?Yet，sofar常置于句末，already,just,ever,never等一般置于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前?！镎骖}試煉★1．Aftergraduation,hiscousinwasemployedbyaninternationalcompanyand_______thereeversince.A．worked B．hasworked C．hadworked D．wasworking2．ThisisthethirdtimethatI_______Beijingbutmymother_______herefortwoyears.A．visited;hasleft B．havevisited;hasbeenawayfromC．visited;hasbeenleaving D．havevisited;wasawayfrom3．—It’sselfless________thegreatmantoworkonenergyprojectsabroadundertheBeltandRoadInitiative.—That’strue.He________forPOWERCHINAsincehegraduatedfromcollegein2014.A．for;worked B．of;hasworked C．for;hasworked D．of;isworking4．Internationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquakes.China________an82-memberChinaSearchandRescueTeam.A．sends B．wassent C．hassent D．hasbeensent5．—Whywon’tyougotothemovieswiththemthisSunday?—BecauseI________thefilmtwice.A．watched B．havewatched C．willwatch D．waswatching6．—Emily,haveyoueverheardofQuanHongchan?—Yes,I________hercompetition.SheandChenYuxiwonthefirstplaceinCanada.A．see B．willsee C．haveseen D．wasseeing7．—Greatchanges________inLiangshaninthepasttwoyears.—I’msoproudofmycountry!Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshakeoffpoverty(貧困).A．weretakenplace B．havebeentakenplace C．hadtakenplace D．havetakenplace8．Sinceweenteredourschoolthreeyearsago,we________notonlyknowledgebutalsohowtobearesponsiblecitizen.A．willlearn B．a(chǎn)relearning C．havelearned D．hadlearned9．Pleaseentertheroomquietly.Thebaby________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．hasfallen D．wasfalling10．ThedocumentaryHexiCorridorisverygreat.I________ittwicesofar.A．havewatched B．watch C．willwatch D．watched1．B【詳解】句意：畢業(yè)后，他的表哥受雇于一家國際公司，并一直在那里工作?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“eversince”可知此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選B。2．B【詳解】句意：這是我第三次來北京，但我母親離開這里已經(jīng)兩年了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。“Thisis+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/hasdone”，選項(xiàng)A、C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“fortwoyears”可知，第二空時(shí)態(tài)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。3．B【詳解】句意：——在“一帶一路”倡議倡議下，這位偉人在國外從事能源項(xiàng)目工作是無私的?！_實(shí)。自2014年大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來，他一直在中國電建集團(tuán)工作。考查介詞辨析和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。固定句式“Itis+形容詞+of/forsb.+todosth.”意為“對(duì)某人來說做某事怎么樣”，介詞為for時(shí)，形容詞常與事物的特征有關(guān)；介詞為of時(shí)，形容詞常與人的性格特點(diǎn)有關(guān)。根據(jù)“selfless”和“thegreatman”可知，selfless“無私的”屬于人的性格特點(diǎn)，第一空應(yīng)填of；根據(jù)“sincehegraduatedfromcollegein2014.”可知，此句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選B。4．C【詳解】句意：國際搜救隊(duì)已趕赴土耳其，協(xié)助應(yīng)對(duì)特大地震。中國派出了一支82人的中國搜救隊(duì)?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“haverushedto...”可知此處表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone，且主語China和send之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選C。5．B【詳解】句意：——這個(gè)星期天你為什么不和他們一起去看電影？——因?yàn)檫@部電影我看了兩遍?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由“twice”可知已經(jīng)看了兩遍，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是不和他們一起去看電影，這里用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havewatched。故選B。6．C【詳解】句意：——埃米莉，你聽說過全紅嬋嗎？——是的，我看過她的比賽。她和陳芋汐在加拿大獲得了第一名。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。see一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；willsee一般將來時(shí)；haveseen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；wasseeing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“Emily,haveyoueverheardofQuanHongchan?”可知此處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。7．D【詳解】句意：——這兩年涼山發(fā)生了很大的變化。——我為我的祖國感到驕傲！除了給窮人錢，中國還努力教育人們，為他們提供擺脫貧困所需的工具?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。takeplace“發(fā)生”，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，沒有被動(dòng)形式，排除AB兩項(xiàng)，根據(jù)“inthepasttwoyears”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選D。8．C【詳解】句意：自從我們?nèi)昵斑M(jìn)入學(xué)校以來，我們不僅學(xué)到了知識(shí)，而且學(xué)會(huì)了如何做一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的公民。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Sinceweenteredourschoolthreeyearsago”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選C。9．C【詳解】句意：請(qǐng)安靜地進(jìn)屋。嬰兒睡著了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。falls動(dòng)詞三單；fell動(dòng)詞過去式；hasfallen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；wasfalling過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“Pleaseentertheroomquietly.Thebaby…asleep.”可知嬰兒已經(jīng)睡著了，要安靜地進(jìn)屋，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故選C。10．A【詳解】句意：紀(jì)錄片《河西走廊》非常棒。到目前為止我已經(jīng)看了兩次了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“I…ittwicesofar.”可知，已經(jīng)看過兩次了。sofar意為“到目前為止，迄今為止”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。模塊模塊二過去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：haddone時(shí)間狀語：by+過去時(shí)間ThefamilyofDashwoodhadlongbeensettledinSussex.Theirestatewaslarge,andtheirresidencewasatNorlandPark,inthecentreoftheirproperty,where,formanygenerations,theyhadlivedinsorespectableamannerastoengagethegeneralgoodopinionoftheirsurroundingacquaintance.達(dá)什伍德家在蘇塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一個(gè)偌大的田莊，府第就設(shè)在田莊中心的諾蘭莊園。祖祖輩輩以來，一家人一直過著體面日子，贏得了四近鄉(xiāng)鄰的交口稱譽(yù)。SenseandSensibility過去完成時(shí)用以表示到過去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作已完成或延續(xù)到某一過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語為by+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hismotherhadgonetoworkbythetimehearrivedhome.如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去有明顯的先后順序，最先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)。HeaskedifMrGilbert'soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.★真題試煉★11．BythetimeIrushedintothetheater,theshow________forhalfanhour.A．hadbegun B．began C．wason D．hadbeenon12．—Howlong________you________TVbythetimeIcalledyou?—Forabouttwohours.A．had;watched B．have;watched C．did;watch13．—DidyouseeJackattheparty?—No,he________bythetimeI________there.A．wasleaving;got B．left;hadgot C．hadleft;got14．BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie________fortenminutes.Itwashardtofindmyseat.A．hasbeenon B．hadbegun C．hadbeenon15．—Lilywaslateagainthismorning.Mr.Wangwasveryangrywithher.—Yes.Bythetimeshehurriedintotheclassroom,thebell________.A．haverang B．hadrung C．rung16．We________fourimportantexamsonEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.A．hadhad B．willhave C．havehad17．Bythetimetherescue（營救）mencametohelp,Jack________togetoutoftheburninghouse.A．managed B．hasmanaged C．hadmanaged18．It’sbadlucktoday!BythetimeIgottothetrainstation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．hasbeenaway B．willbeaway C．hadbeenaway19．ChristoldStaciethathe_________whathewasdoingduringthevacation.A．wasjustasked B．wasjustasking C．justasked D．hadjustbeenasked20．—Youlookunhappy,whathappened?—Badluck.IplannedtogotoShenzhen,buttheplane________whenI________attheairport.A．hasleft;arrived B．hadleft;arrived C．left;arrives11．D【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我沖進(jìn)劇院時(shí)，演出已經(jīng)開始半個(gè)小時(shí)了?？疾檫^去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“BythetimeIrushedintothetheater”以及“forhalfanhour”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為過去完成時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成為haddone，此處表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用“hadbeenon”。故選D。12．A【詳解】句意：——我打電話給你時(shí)，你看電視多久了？——大約兩小時(shí)了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“bythetimeIcalledyou”可知此處表示過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。13．C【詳解】句意：——你在聚會(huì)上看到杰克了嗎？——沒有，我到那里的時(shí)候他已經(jīng)走了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“No,he...bythetimeI...there.”可知，“我到那里”發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，“他離開”發(fā)生在“我到那里”之前，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。故選C。14．C【詳解】句意：我到電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)上映十分鐘了。很難找到我的座位?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“BythetimeIgottothecinema”可知，此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)“had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”，表示過去的過去；結(jié)合“fortenminutes”可知，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，begin“開始”，是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)換為beon(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。故選C。15．B【詳解】句意：——莉莉今天早上又遲到了。王老師對(duì)她生氣。——是的，當(dāng)她匆匆走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，鈴響了。考查時(shí)態(tài)。bythetime意為“到……時(shí)候(為止)”，介詞短語，起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)“haddone”，表示截止到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去，故選B。16．A【詳解】句意：我們?cè)谏蟼€(gè)月月底考了四場英語考試?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中信息“bytheendoflastmonth”可知，意思為“到上個(gè)月月末為止”，因此為過去式，而考試發(fā)生在月末之前，因此謂語在描述過去的過去，用“過去完成時(shí)”。故選A。17．C【詳解】句意：當(dāng)救援人員前來救援時(shí)，杰克已經(jīng)設(shè)法走出了著火的房子。考查過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Bythetimetherescuemencametohelp”可知，空格處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“had+done”，故選C。18．C【詳解】句意：今天運(yùn)氣真壞！我到火車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)離開10分鐘了?？疾檫^去完成時(shí)。從句使用了一般過去時(shí)，到達(dá)火車站是過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，在到達(dá)火車站之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為“had+過去分詞”，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】易錯(cuò)分析：本題易錯(cuò)選A，要弄清時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)是截止到過去還是現(xiàn)在，在過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。19．D【詳解】句意：克里斯告訴斯泰西，他剛剛被問到假期打算做什么?？疾檫^去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)“ChristoldStaciethathe…whathewasdoingduringthevacation.”可知，he和謂語動(dòng)詞之前是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此此處謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)形式，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)榫渥邮潜硎具^去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成了的動(dòng)作，因此此處用過去完成時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為“hadbeendone”。故選D。20．B【詳解】句意：——你看起來不開心，發(fā)生什么事情了？——真倒霉。我計(jì)劃去深圳，但是當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場時(shí)，飛機(jī)已經(jīng)離開了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“IplannedtogotoShenzhen,buttheplane…whenI…attheairport.”可知，作者到達(dá)機(jī)場是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故第二空用一般過去時(shí)；飛機(jī)離開是發(fā)生在作者到達(dá)機(jī)場之前的事情，在過去之前發(fā)生應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，因此第一空應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。故選B。模塊模塊三過去將來時(shí)PastFutureTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式一：woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)公式二：was/weregoingtodo時(shí)間狀語：soon,thenextday,thenextmonth,thenextyear等表示過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“站在過去說將來”?！镎骖}試煉★21．Theradiosaidthatit________cloudythenextday.A．willbe B．was C．wouldbe D．a(chǎn)re22．Alicehasgonetotheclassroomandshedidn’tsay________.A．whendidshecomeback B．whenwouldshebebackC．whenshecameback D．whenshewouldbeback23．ZhongNanshanoncesaidinhisspeechthatathirdvaccine(疫苗)________theCOVID-19moreeffectively(有效地).A．hasprevented B．willprevent C．prevents D．wouldprevent24．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．willget D．hasgot25．—It’snearlythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmymothershownup?—Shecalledjustnowandpromisedshe________atthree.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．hasarrived D．hadarrived26．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.

—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou__________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．wouldgive D．gave27．—HasSandyhandedinherreport?—Notsure.Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckitagainandshe________itinsoon.A．willhand B．handed C．wouldhand D．hashanded28．—Whenwillourdaughtercomeback?—Shetoldmeonthephonelastnightthatshe________inlateApril.Shemustbepackingthesedays.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．isarriving D．a(chǎn)rrives29．—It’salreadythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmyfathershownup?—Hecalledjustnowandpromisedhe__________atthree.Heshouldbehereinanyminute.A．willarrive B．hasarrived C．wouldarrive D．hadarrived30．—Whywereyoulateforthespeech?—Iwhenmyfrienddroppedby.A．left B．wasabouttoleave C．haveleft D．hadleft21．C【詳解】句意：收音機(jī)說第二天多云?？疾橹鬟^從必過。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，主句謂語動(dòng)詞said說明主句采用一般過去時(shí)，遵循“主過從必過”的原則，從句也應(yīng)用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)“thenextday”可知從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，其謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為：would+動(dòng)詞原形。故選C。22．D【詳解】句意：愛麗絲已經(jīng)去教室了而且她沒說什么時(shí)間回來。考查賓語從句。根據(jù)“shedidn’tsay”可知，空格處為賓語從句，其語序用陳述語序，排除A和B，結(jié)合語境可知，從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去將來時(shí)，故應(yīng)用would+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。23．D【詳解】句意：鐘南山曾在演講中表示，第三種疫苗將更有效地預(yù)防COVID-19。考查過去將來時(shí)。hasprevented現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；willprevent一般將來時(shí)；prevents一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)；wouldprevent過去將來時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示在過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：should/would+動(dòng)詞原形；故選D。24．B【詳解】句意：——索菲亞，這是給你的小禮物?！阏婧?！我從沒想過你會(huì)給我禮物。考查過去將來時(shí)。此處含賓語從句，需滿足“主過從必過”原則，根據(jù)“Ineverthoughtyou...meagift.”可知，我以前從未想過你會(huì)給禮物給我，主句是一般過去時(shí)，因此從句用過去將來時(shí)，故選B。25．B【詳解】句意：——幾乎三點(diǎn)了。為什么我的媽媽還沒有出現(xiàn)？——她剛才打電話了并承諾3點(diǎn)會(huì)到?？疾檫^去將來時(shí)。根據(jù)“promised”可知句子要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，“承諾”的是將來的事情，句子要用將來時(shí)，故空格處要填過去將來時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是would+do。故選B。26．C【詳解】句意：——索菲亞，這是給你的小禮物?！阏婧?！我從沒想過你會(huì)給我禮物?？疾檫^去將來時(shí)。get得到；give給。根據(jù)“Ineverthought”可知，我以前從未想過你會(huì)給禮物給我，因此從句用過去將來時(shí)，故選C。27．C【詳解】句意：——溫迪提交了她的報(bào)告了嗎？——我不太確定。她告訴我她想再檢查一遍，很快就交?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。根據(jù)上文“Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckitagain”，可知還沒有交報(bào)告，下文描述的是站在過去角度看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，需用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。28．B【詳解】句意：——我們女兒什么時(shí)候回來？——她昨晚在電話里告訴我她將在四月底到達(dá)。她這些天一定在收拾東西。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Shetoldmeonthephonelastnightthatshe…inlateApril”可知，此處表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的事情，用過去將來時(shí)woulddo的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。29．C【詳解】句意：——現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三點(diǎn)鐘了。為什么我父親還沒有出現(xiàn)？——他剛才打電話來，答應(yīng)三點(diǎn)鐘到。他應(yīng)該馬上就到了?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)，willarrive意思為將要到達(dá)，表示發(fā)生在將來的事情；hasarrived意思為已經(jīng)到達(dá)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；hadarrived意思為已經(jīng)到達(dá)，過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；觀察句子，這里是省略that的賓語從句，主句是過去時(shí)，那么從句也應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)，排除AB。結(jié)合“Heshouldbehereinanyminute.”那說明應(yīng)該是用過去將來時(shí)，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback．我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。2）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas．孩子們不知道他是誰。3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。30．B【詳解】句意：——你為什么演講遲到了？——我打算離開的時(shí)候，我的朋友來拜訪我。短語beabouttodosth.表示打算去做某事；根據(jù)題意，故選B。點(diǎn)睛：beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，在時(shí)間上指最近的將來。如：Weareabouttostart.我們就要出發(fā)了。模塊模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：have/hasbeendoing時(shí)間狀語：sofar,since+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,for+一段時(shí)間,allmorning等InmyyoungerandmorevulnerableyearsmyfathergavemesomeadvicethatI’vebeenturningover（仔細(xì)考慮）inmymindeversince.“Wheneveryoufeellikecriticizinganyone,”hetoldme,“justrememberthatallthepeopleinthisworldhaven’thadtheadvantagesthatyou’vehad.”TheGreatGatsby現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合，既有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，也有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)。主要表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)；表示長時(shí)間做某事；表示感情色彩。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，因此有“未完成”的含義。試比較：Ihavereadthisbook.（我讀過這本書。）Ihavebeenreadingthisbook.（我一直在讀這本書）?Attention?有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在這兒工作多久了？自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。Ihavelivedhere/havebeenlivingheresince1988.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))__I'vewaitedfor2hours__我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得望穿秋水)_____Ihavebeenwaitingfor2hours.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天。__Ihavejustknownherfortwodays.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。_Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.