2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第01講 必修第三冊 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（知識講解+高考必考題型練）學(xué)生版

第01講必修第三冊Unit1Natureinthebalance目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉課程內(nèi)容、掌握知識脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識：知識點(diǎn)全面梳理，掌握必備重點(diǎn)記憶：關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用核心單詞講解1.harmn.&vt.傷害,損害(1)harmsb./sth.=doharmtosb./sth.=dosb./sth.harm對某人/物造成損害,損害某人/物(2)harmful adj.有害的,導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的beharmfulto... 對……有害(3)harmless adj.無害的2.lengthn.長,長度;時間的長短,篇幅,(電影)片長(1)inlength在長度上atlength 詳盡地;充分地;最后;終于gotogreatlengths(todosth.)盡一切可能/不遺余力(做某事)foranylengthoftime相當(dāng)長的一段時間withinanarm’slength 近在咫尺(2)lengthen v.使延長(3)long adj.長的3.varietyn.不同種類,變化,多樣性;變種,變體（1）avarietyof=varietiesof各種各樣的(2)varyv.相異，改變Varyin在……方面不同Varywith隨……而變化Varybetween…and…從……到……不同（3）various/variedadj.各種不同的，各種各樣的4.massn.大量;團(tuán),塊,堆;一大群;adj.大批的,廣泛的(1)amassof/massesof大量,許多themassof... ……中的大多數(shù)themasses 群眾(2)massproduction 批量生產(chǎn)5.livingadj.活著的,活的;在使用的(反義詞dead)n.生計,謀生;生活方式earn/makealiving謀生;維持生計earn/makeone’sownliving自食其力6.survivevi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于難(1)surviveon...以……為生survivefrom... 從……時期留存下來survivesb.by+時間段比某人多活了多長時間(2)survival n.生存,幸存;幸存事物(3)survivor n.幸存者7.inturn相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流inreturn作為報答;回報inreturnfor... 作為……的交換;作為……的報答byturns 輪流地;交替地It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事8.breakdown使分解(為),使變化(成);出故障;破裂;感情失控breakinto闖入,破門而入breakin 破門而入;打斷(談話等)breakout (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā);發(fā)生breakawayfrom 脫離;逃離9.dueto由于,因?yàn)閎eduetodosth.預(yù)計/預(yù)期做某事beduefor... 預(yù)計……10.impactn.影響,作用;撞擊,沖撞vi.&vt.有影響;沖擊haveagreat/deepimpacton 對……有重大/深遠(yuǎn)影響theimpactof... ……的影響impacton/upon 對……產(chǎn)生影響11.damagevt.&n.損壞,破壞;損害,傷害(1)do/causedamageto對……造成損害(2)damaging adj.有破壞性的;傷害的1.buildup逐漸增加,擴(kuò)大;創(chuàng)建,開發(fā);積累bringup撫養(yǎng);養(yǎng)育;培養(yǎng);提出;嘔吐comeup 升起;長出來;上來;被提出giveup 放棄;戒掉makeup 編造;化妝takeup 占據(jù);開始從事12.comeupwith想出,想到keepupwith與……同步，跟上(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))catchupwith跟上(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)putupwith 忍耐，忍受；熬過endupwith 以……結(jié)束13.callfor(公開)要求;需要callup打電話，給……，使想起callin召來calloff取消，停止進(jìn)行callaway叫走；轉(zhuǎn)移；排解callon拜訪（某人），號召callout大聲喊，呼喚）14.applicationn.應(yīng)用,運(yùn)用;申請(1)makeanapplication(to...)for...(向……)申請……(2)apply v.運(yùn)用;申請;應(yīng)用applytodosth. 申請做某事apply...to... 將……用在……上apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申請某物applyoneselfto 致力于;專心于(3)applicant n.申請人15.springtomind突然想到,突然出現(xiàn)在腦海里bear/keep...inmind記住……;考慮到……loseone’smind 失去理智bring...tomind 使……想起cometomind 突然想起makeupone’smind 打定主意;下定決心16.getridof擺脫;丟棄;扔掉rid...of... 使……擺脫……;使……丟棄……ridoneselfof 擺脫/去掉……17.protestvi.反對,抗議vt.反對;堅持聲稱;申辯n.反對,抗議(1)protestabout/against/at...=makeaprotestagainst...對……提出抗議(2)withoutprotest 心甘情愿地underprotest 不情愿地,極不樂意地18.defencen.辯護(hù);防御,保護(hù);防御物;國防;防守(1)indefenceof 為了保衛(wèi)……;為……辯護(hù)(2)defend vt. 防御,保護(hù);為……辯護(hù);防守defend...against/from 防御/保衛(wèi)……免受……19.consequencen.結(jié)果;后果;重要性(1)asaconsequence/result＝inconsequence因此，結(jié)果asaconsequence/resultof＝inconsequenceof因?yàn)椤木壒?2)take/accept/facetheconsequencesof承擔(dān)……的后果(3)consequentadj. 作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的consequentlyadv. 因此，結(jié)果；所以因此,結(jié)果20.giveriseto引起;使發(fā)生(尤指令人不愉快或意想不到的事)ontherise在增加;在上漲risetoone’sfeet 站起來二、重點(diǎn)詞塊速記1.inturn相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而

2.breakdown 使分解(為),使變化(成)

3.breathelifeinto 給……帶來起色,注入活力

4.dueto 由于,因?yàn)?/p>

5.buildup 逐漸增加,擴(kuò)大

6.behometo ……的家園7.awiderangeof 大范圍的,多種多樣的8.aseaof... 大量的,大片的……9.bealivewith 充滿著,洋溢著10.playarolein 在……中扮演角色,起作用

11.takein 吸收,理解12.feedon 以……為主食,靠……為生13.comeupwith想出，想到 14.callfor(公開)要求；需要 15.springtomind突然記起(或想到) 16.getridof 擺脫,丟棄,扔掉

17.tendto 往往,趨向

18.giveriseto 使發(fā)生(或存在)

19.handinhand 手拉手

20.searchfor 搜索,尋找

21.playamajorrolein 在……起主要作用22.drawone’sattention 吸引某人的注意力23.connect...with... 把……和……聯(lián)系24.beeagertodosth. 渴望做某事25.pointout 指出三、重點(diǎn)句型剖析1.Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬平方千米,比中國國土面積的一半還要大。2.TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries,includingBrazilandPeru,andoneoverseasregionofFrance,allontheSouthAmericancontinent.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))馬孫雨林穿過包括巴西、秘魯在內(nèi)的八個國家,以及一塊法國的海外領(lǐng)地,都位于南美洲大陸。3.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.(完全倒裝)往上是陰暗森林地表厚實(shí)的落葉層。4.Whatdoyouthinkthisscriptisaboutjudgingfromthetitleandpictures?(judgingfrom)根據(jù)標(biāo)題和圖畫,你認(rèn)為這個節(jié)選講了什么?5.Foronething,therainyseasonhasanimpactonthesoil...Foranotherthing,duetotheAmazon’shotclimate,itisdifficultforthesoiltobuildupenoughnutrients.(foronething,foranotherthing)一則,雨季對土壤有影響……再則,由于亞馬孫的炎熱氣候,對于土壤來說很難堆積更多的養(yǎng)分。6.WhenIfirstmovedhere,theairwasfresh,thegrassgreenandthewaterclear.(省略)當(dāng)我剛搬到這里的時候,空氣是新鮮的,草是綠色的,水是清澈的。7.We’vebeentakingvariousmeasures,includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts.(eventhough)我們一直在采取各種措施,包括使用新技術(shù),以減少生產(chǎn)過程中的污染,盡管這些措施提高了我們的生產(chǎn)成本。8.Withpollutionlevelsontherise,theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))隨著污染水平的上升,諾蓋特環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會正在尋找解決問題的方法。9.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentwhileweaimforeconomicdevelopment.(It’sone’sdutytodosth.)我們的責(zé)任是保護(hù)環(huán)境,同時著眼于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。、重點(diǎn)句型1.倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型【教材原句】Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.

亞馬孫雨林面積約600萬平方千米,比中國國土面積的一半還要大。倍數(shù)+【名師點(diǎn)津】表示“兩倍”時,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上則用“基數(shù)詞+times”來表達(dá)。句式中表示倍數(shù)也可用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù),half等其他程度狀語。2.全部倒裝【教材原句】Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.

往上是陰暗森林地表厚實(shí)的落葉層。構(gòu)成完全倒裝的條件(1)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞有here,there,up,down,out,in,away;表示時間的副詞有now,then;表語以及表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首。(2)句子的謂語動詞是系動詞be或come,go,lie,stand等不及物動詞。(3)句子的主語是名詞。如果句子的主語為代詞,主謂不倒裝。3.judgingfrom...“從……判斷”【教材原句】Whatdoyouthinkthisscriptisaboutjudgingfromthetitleandpictures?從標(biāo)題和圖畫判斷你認(rèn)為這個節(jié)選是關(guān)于什么的?

常見的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作評注性狀語的還有:supposing“假設(shè)”,considering“鑒于”,speakingof“說到”,generallyspeaking“一般來說”,takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”等。重點(diǎn)語法(省略)為了避免重復(fù),或?yàn)榱耸咕渥痈喚?在一些句子中常常省去一個或某幾個成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象在英語中叫省略。一、簡單句中的省略1.省略主語:一般情況下,主語是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧義的情況下,特別是在口語中,主語常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑問句中的主語。(You)goout,please!請出去!2.省略賓語:當(dāng)上下或前后兩個句子的賓語一致時,下句或后句常省略賓語?！狣oyouknowthemascotsoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames?—OfcourseIknow(themascotsoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames).——你知道北京冬奧會的吉祥物嗎?——我當(dāng)然知道。3.省略主語和謂語(或謂語的一部分):在某些具體的場合下,主語和謂語都很明確,此時為了簡化或顯得親切等,可將主語和謂語(或謂語的一部分)同時省略,只剩下表語、賓語、狀語或其他成分。(Thereis)Nosmoking.禁止吸煙。二、并列句中的省略在由and或but連接的并列句中,常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。1.省略共同的主語或賓語。Heisinterestedinleavesand(he)hascollectedmanysamplesofthem.他對樹葉感興趣,搜集了很多標(biāo)本。2.若主語不同,而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞相同,則省略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。Myfatherisateacherandmymother(is)anurse.我的父親是一名老師,母親是一名護(hù)士。3.若主語與謂語動詞相同,則省略后面的主謂成分。Whathesuggstedmademehappy,but(whathesuggestedmade)Jimangry.他的建議使我高興,卻使吉姆生氣。4.若主語不同,但主要動詞及后續(xù)部分相同,則省略主要動詞及后續(xù)部分。Iknowthelengthoftheriverbuthedoesn’tknowthelengthoftheriver).我知道這條河流的長度,但他不知道。三、復(fù)合句中的省略1.狀語從句的省略。在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等連接的狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語與主句的主語相同且從句謂語中含有系動詞be或從句的主語為it時,則從句中主語和be動詞常被省略。While(Iwas)working,Irealisedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.工作的時候,我意識到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么辛苦。【名師點(diǎn)津】(1)省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;若構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,則使用過去分詞;若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生,則使用不定式。(2)在than,as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。2.定語從句的省略。(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which緊跟在介詞后時不能省略)。(2)修飾way的關(guān)系詞that/inwhich可以省略。Thewayinwhich/thathespeakstoyouisreallyannoying.他對你們講話的方式真是讓人討厭。3.賓語從句的省略。及物動詞后接賓語從句時,連接詞that一般可以省略;但如果及物動詞接兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,那么只有第一個that可以省略。四、其他的省略情況1.動詞不定式的省略。(1)當(dāng)不定式在形容詞afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作狀語時,to后的內(nèi)容常省略?！猈illyougowithmetoparticipateinthepartytonight?—I’llbegladto(gowithyoutoparticipateintheparty).——今晚你愿意和我去參加聚會嗎?——我愿意。(2)某些使役動詞,如make,let,have等和感官動詞,如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式須省略to,但若這些動詞用于被動語態(tài),則to不省略。WeoftenhearhersingEnglishsongsintheclassroom.我們經(jīng)常聽到她在教室里唱英文歌。Theboywasnoticedtoentertheoffice.男孩被(人)注意到進(jìn)入了辦公室。(3)當(dāng)不定式在某些動詞后作賓語時,?？墒÷?。常見的動詞有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon’tknowhowto(doitforyou).我愿意為你做這件事,但是我不知怎么去做。(4)當(dāng)不定式在某些動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,?？墒÷浴３Ｒ姷膭釉~有tell,ask,allow,permit,expect,wish,want,order,require,encourage,persuade等。Don’ttouchtheequipmentunlessyourteacherallowsyouto(touchtheequipment).除非老師允許,否則不要碰這些設(shè)備。(5)介詞but,except(除了)前有實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式時,后面的不定式不帶to。Wehavenothingtodobut(to)wait.我們現(xiàn)在除了等別無選擇?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】省略的不定式內(nèi)容若含有作助動詞用的have或be的任何形式時,to后要保留原形的have或be。Hedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterday,butheoughttohave.昨天他沒來參加會議,但他應(yīng)該來。2.使用so,not等時的省略。在英語中,可以用so,not或其他方式來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句子?！狪shecomingbacktonight?他今晚回來嗎?—Ithinkso/not.我認(rèn)為會回來(不會回來)。3.介詞的省略。一些與動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常常可以省略,而保留介詞后的動名詞。常見的結(jié)構(gòu):①havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.②bebusy(in)doingsth.③spendsometime(in)doingsth.④stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.考點(diǎn)一、核心單詞語法填空Ⅰ單詞拼寫1.Halfamillionpeopleheldamass(抗議)againstracismlastnight.2.Inthe(過程)ofwritingthenovel,shediscussedeverystagewithhim.3.Someproductscanbe(回收利用)attheendoftheirlife.4.Keepinganimalsatzooshashadalittlepositive(影響)onthestatusofmostendangeredspecies.5.Weneedtospeakoutontheirbehalfbeforethey(消失)forgood.6.Thestructural(損壞)causedbythefirewasrepaired.7.IfeltasifIhadbeenonthistripforeverbecauseIhadlost(蹤跡)oftimeandspace.8.Our(政策)istoincludehigh-qualityfilms,regardlessofwhomakesthem.9.An(官方的)inquiryhasbeenlaunchedintothecauseoftheaccident.10.Noonewantstoemploysomeonewhospeaksillofhis/her(以前的)employer.Ⅱ單句語法填空1.Fruitjuicescanbe(harm)tochildren’steeth.2.Uniformsalsogiverisesomepracticalproblems.3.Thesnakeusuallyreachesa(long)of100cm.4.Wemustpreserve(vary)ofChinesetraditionalcustomsforfuturegenerations.5.Hediedsixweekslaterofa(mass)heartattack.6.(live)inthevillagewasalsomorechallengingthanhehadthought.8.(2023-2024年度·四川成都·高一成都外國語學(xué)校校考階段練習(xí))Aftertheterribleaccident,hisonlychanceof(survive)wasahearttransplant.9.Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetheheavyrain.10.Whattheteachershavedonehasgreatimpactontheirstudentsinthefuture.12.Afterherecoveredfromillness,heworkedoutregularlytobuilduphis(strong).13Themoralquestionisnot(entire)separablefromthefinancialone.14.Tworescueworkerscametohis(defend)whentheaccidenthappened.15.Withtherapid(economy)development,Chinaplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleontheinternationalstage.16.(2023-2024年度·廣東東莞·高一校聯(lián)考期中)It’s(official)recognizedthatthisproductissafeandwillbeputintomarketsoon.17.Aftereatingthe(poison)mushroom,thegirlwassenttohospitalatonce.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)18.(chemical)willupsetthenaturalbalanceofthepond.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)19.(consequence),manycollegegraduateswereforcedtomoveelsewheretofindjobs.20.Hisdeathwastotallyunexpectedand,in(consequent),noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.考點(diǎn)二、重點(diǎn)詞塊選詞填空選詞填空（可適當(dāng)改變形式）callforgiverisetogetridofinturnbuildupcomeupwithbreakdownspringtomindbreatheinto…dueto1.Ifyourcar,justsittightandwaitforthepolicetocomealong.2.AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,whichwillpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.3.Thiskindofworkpatienceaswellasskills.4.Whathesaidjustnowhisangeratthemoment.5.Asateacher,youshoulddevoteyourselftoyoursubjectand____________it.6._________thefactthathedidn’tknowEnglish,hewasn’tawareofwhathewasreading.7.IfyourefertoHawaii,avisionofprettybeachesandblueseasmay_______.8.Youcanchangeorturnablindeyetoyouremotions,butyoucan’t__________thementirely.9.Theoldcollectorlikestocollectsomeoldpaintingsandhishouseissaidto_______afineartcollection.10.Thedesignersayshe_____theideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.考點(diǎn)三重點(diǎn)句型完成句子1._________________sometoweringaspens.(完全倒裝)

在我們教學(xué)樓前矗立著幾棵高大的白楊。2.Ourplaygroundis_______________theirs.(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)

我們的操場是他們的兩倍大。3._________________,hemightbeanIndian.(judge)

根據(jù)面貌判斷,他可能是個印度人。4.___________,histheoryprovedtobecorrect.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

隨著時間的推移,他的理論證明是正確的。5._____________ourcountry.(It’sone’sdutytodosth.)

保衛(wèi)國家是每個人的責(zé)任。6.______________,thebondoffriendshiphaskeptusclose.(eventhough)

雖然我們生活在不同的城市,但友誼的紐帶使我們保持親密?？键c(diǎn)四重點(diǎn)語法單句語法填空1．When(compare)withmyeldersister,Ilookmuchslimmer.2．Eventhough

(bury)inhiswork,hewouldn’tmisstheopportunitytochatwithhisson.3．When(tell)thattheirperformancewasasuccess,theperformersfelt(satisfy).4．TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.?5．Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot.能力提升閱讀理解（2024上·廣西柳州·高一柳鐵一中?？计谥校㊣nWiltshire,England,volunteersarebeingsearchedfortovisitanatureprotectionareatocountthebutterflieslivingthereandinnearbyfields.Theprojectisstartedbyanenvironmentalprotectionorganization,whichhasbeendevotedtoimprovingthelivingenvironmentforwildanimals.Recently,theorganizationhascalledonvolunteerstohelpitobserveenvironmentalchangesbasedontherecordofbutterfliesandprotecttheenvironment.Inthearea,thelocalpeoplehaveplantedmanyspecialflowerswiththehelpoftheorganization.Theywanttoseewhethertheseflowerswillinteresttherare,andbeautifulbutterflies.TheprojectofficerSarahMarshallsays,“Itwillbeasuitablelivingplaceforbutterflies.Theyaregreat‘indicatorspecies’(指向性物種)astheyareeasilyaffectedbyclimatechanges.Sotheymakeabrilliantearly-warningsystemfortheenvironment.”Shealsopointsoutthatvolunteersareneededtorecordthenumberorspeciesofbutterflies,andbasedonthechangehappeningtothebutterflies,thehiddenenvironmentalproblemsintheareacanbefoundoutintime.Theorganizationissearchingforvolunteerstohelpmonitor(監(jiān)測)butterfliesfromAprilthroughtoSeptember.Theywillwalkthesamerouteandrecordthedifferentbutterfliestheymeetalongtheway.Eachvisitshouldtakenomorethantwohours,andeachvolunteerisexpectedtovisitonceamonthcountthewildlife.“Staffwillprovidebackup(后備人員),soiftheweatherispooronthedayyouarevisit(butterfliesdon’tliketoflyintherain,windorifit’stoocloudy),wecanhavesomeoneelsedoyourjob,”Sarahpointsout.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryastrainingandsupportwillbeprovided,butastronginterestisimportant.Ifyouareinterested,pleasecontactSarahon(01380)725670,ext278,oremailsarahm@.1．Whyarespecialflowersplantedinthenatureprotectionarea?A．Toattractvisitors. B．Toattractbutterflies.C．Toimprovetheenvironment. D．Tohelpthelocalpeoplemakemoney.2．AccordingtoSarahMarshall,butterfliesare________A．reducinginnumberinWiltshire B．curiousabouttheirhabitatsC．unabletokeepupwithclimatechanges D．sensitivetoenvironmentalchanges3．Accordingtothetext,avolunteer________.A．willtakeadifferentrouteeachtime B．mustknowalotaboutbutterfliesC．willvisitthearea6timesintotal D．musthavepreviousexperience4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TopersuadepeopletovisitWiltshire. B．Toadvertiseforvolunteerswithaproject.C．Toencouragepeopletoprotectbutterflies. D．Toshowawaytoexploreclimatechange.二．完形填空（2023上·安徽·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Asanonlychildinherfamily,NicoleRenaeoftenfeltlonelyinheryouth.Butthatall1whensheturnedten.Forherbirthday,Renae’sgrandmothersurprisedherwithalovelygraypuppynamedChloe.Fromthevery2thetwowerealwaystogether.“Shewasmybestfriend.”Renaesays.ButwhenRenaew