甘肅省酒泉市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題 含解析

酒泉市普通高中2024~2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末考試高二英語考生注意：1.本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)。請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：北師大版選擇性必修Book1Unit1~Book2Unit4。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLinda’shusband?A.Clever.B.Quiet.C.Unfriendly.2.Whenwilltheweatherbefine?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahospital.B.Anairport.C.Ahotel.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Goingfishing.B.Doingsomehousework.C.Readingsomebooks.5.Howistheman’sbag?A.Itisquiteattractive.B.Itweighsalot.C.Itislargeinsize.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesthewomanusuallydoonSaturdays?A.Shegoesswimming.B.Shegoesshopping.C.Shedoeshousework.7.WhodoesthewomanusuallygotothecinemawithonFridaynights?A.Someofherfamilymembers.B.Personswholivenexttoher.C.Personssheknowswellandlikes.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenthewomanandJiminthepast?A.Workmates.B.Cousins.C.Classmates.9.Whatisthewoman’sprofession?A.Afilmactress.B.Anartdirector.C.Amagazineeditor.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoesthewomanlivenow?A.InAmerica.B.InFrance.C.InCanada.11.Whatlanguageisthewomangoodat?A.Italian.B.French.C.Spanish.12.Whatdoesthewomanteachinaschool?A.English.B.Medicine.C.Maths.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InahotelB.Inapark.C.Inastadium.14.Howistheweathertoday?A.Rainy.B.Fine.C.Cloudy.15.HowwillthemanprobablygotoWrigleyField?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Byunderground.16.Whattimeisitnow?A.3:00pm.B.4:00pm.C.5:00pm.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallyreadinthegarden?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Anovel.18.Whathappen(s)athalfpastsixintheafternoonaccordingtothespeech?AConcertsinLiverpoolbegin.B.Thespeakercompletesherwork.C.Thespeakerleaveshomeforwork.19.Fromwhatplacedoesthespeakerusuallygohomebytaxi?A.Abuildingwithastageinit.B.Aplacewheregoodsareboughtandsold.C.Aplacewhereonecaneatamealandpayforit.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A.Sheisapianist.B.Sheisaguitarist.C.Sheisaviolinist.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInaworlddominatedbyconsumerism,thrifting(淘二手貨)offersachancetoembraceuniquepieceswithcharacterandhistory.Hereistheguidetohowtoshopforsecond-handvinyl(黑膠唱片)intheUK.MonorailMusicMonorailMusic,locatedinGlasgow,isanindependentrecordstorethatcelebratestheloveofmusic.Itisaspecialplaceforthoseseekingbothpopularandundergroundreleases.Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.CrashRecordsCrashRecordsinLeedsisanindependentrecordstorethathasbecomeakeypartofthecity’smusicscene.Thestoreoffersabroadselectionofvinylrecords,CDsandcassettesacrossvariousgenres.Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.ElvisShakespeareLocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.Thisstoreoffersarelaxingatmosphereformusicloverstobrowsethroughvinylgems(精品)whilesurroundedbythecharmofabookshop.PiccadillyRecordsPiccadillyRecords,situatedintheheartofManchester,isalong-establishedindependentrecordstore.Withawiderangeofvinyl,CDsandcassettes,thestoreappealstovariousmusicalpreferences.Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.1.WhatmakesPiccadillyRecordsdifferentfromtherestrecordstores?A.Itisastoresetuprecently. B.Itemploysmusiciansasstaff.C.Ithostsregularmusicevents D.Itfocusesonunusualmusic.2.WhatdoMonorailMusicandCrashRecordshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideundergroundreleases. B.Theyoccupykeypositionsinthecity.C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtolocalartists. D.Theymainlysellhigh-endmusicproducts.3.Wherecanwefindbothbooksandrecords?A.ThestoreinGlasgow. B.ThestoreinEdinburgh.C.ThestoreinLeeds. D.ThestoreinManchester.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了在英國購買二手黑膠唱片的指南，推薦了四家具有特色的二手黑膠唱片店?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段PiccadillyRecords部分中的“Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.(知識(shí)淵博的員工和定期舉辦的店內(nèi)活動(dòng)使其成為音樂愛好者的必游之地。)”可知，PiccadillyRecords與其他唱片店不同的是，它定期舉辦音樂活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MonorailMusic中的“Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.(該店與當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家有著緊密的聯(lián)系，增添了它的魅力。)”和CrashRecords部分中的“Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.(CrashRecords以支持當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家為重點(diǎn)，是發(fā)現(xiàn)新音樂的中心。)”可知，MonorailMusic和CrashRecords的共同點(diǎn)是它們都與當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家有密切關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ElvisShakespeare部分中“LocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.

(ElvisShakespeare舊貨店位于愛丁堡的波多貝羅社區(qū)，是一家獨(dú)特的舊貨店，既有黑膠唱片，也有大量的二手書。)”可知，在愛丁堡的商店里可以找到書籍和唱片。故選B項(xiàng)。BAyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift-$7,000,alegacy(遺產(chǎn))fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially,”saysDave.ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveanunexpectedlegacyfromtheHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000.ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything,”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden.“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatches’wishthattheirlegacy,alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents,wouldenrichthewholecommunityandlastforgenerationstocome.Neighborshelpingneighbors-thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFusses?A.Daveusedtoworkinthelocalschoolcafeteria.B.TheylosttheirhomesoonafterDavelosthisjob.C.Gerrieworkedasatruckdriverforasmallcompany.D.Davefounditchallengingtofindajobafterhisunemployment.5.HowdidtheHatchesgetmorethan$3million?A.Bysavingandaccumulatingthemoney.B.Byrunningtheirenterprisesandsellingproducts.C.Byreceivingthemoneyfromtheirlastgenerations.D.Bybeingcompensatedbytheinsurancecompanyfortheaccident.6.WhydidtheHatchespayforlocalchildrentoattendsummercamp?A.Theirparentslackedenoughmoney.B.Theirparentsturnedtothemforhelp.C.TheHatchesaskedthemiftheyneededanything.D.TheHatcheswerelookedafterbytheirparentsoften.7.HowdidalmostallthepeoplerespondtotheHatches’owningsomuchwealth?A.Theyfeltdoubtful. B.Theyfeltquitepleased.C.Itwaswithintheirimagination. D.Itwasoutoftheirexpectation.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了密歇根州西部的一對(duì)老年夫婦在去世后，給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)留下了超過300萬美元的遺產(chǎn)，其中包括給多個(gè)家庭意想不到的巨額饋贈(zèng)。文章通過講述Hatches夫婦的故事，展現(xiàn)了鄰里間互幫互助的美好品質(zhì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.(一年前的8月，DaveFuss失去了在密歇根州西部一家小公司開卡車的工作。他的妻子Gerrie仍在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的自助餐廳工作，但Dave的工作很少，而且所有東西的價(jià)格都在上漲。)”可知，Dave之前在密歇根州西部的一家小公司開大卡車，失業(yè)后他很難找到工作，而他的妻子Gerrie在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的食堂工作。因此，Dave失業(yè)后找工作很困難。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.(作為大蕭條時(shí)期的孩子，Ish和Arlene以儲(chǔ)蓄的習(xí)慣而聞名。他們喜歡貨比三家，經(jīng)常從一家店逛到另一家店，在買新東西之前查看價(jià)格。)”可知，Hatches夫婦是大蕭條時(shí)期的孩子，以節(jié)儉著稱，喜歡貨比三家，在購物前會(huì)一家一家商店地比較價(jià)格。因此，他們是通過節(jié)省和積累獲得了超過300萬美元的財(cái)富。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.

(多年來，Hatches在當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆拥母改肛?fù)擔(dān)不起的情況下資助他們參加夏令營。)”可知，Hatches夫婦多年來一直為當(dāng)?shù)刎?fù)擔(dān)不起費(fèi)用的孩子支付夏令營的費(fèi)用。因此，他們這樣做是因?yàn)檫@些孩子的父母沒有足夠的錢。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.(幾乎所有人都驚訝于Hatches夫婦有這么多錢，超過300萬美元——他們是一對(duì)老年夫婦，住在家族農(nóng)場遺留下來的老房子里。)”可知，Hatches夫婦擁有超過300萬美元的財(cái)富讓幾乎所有人都感到驚訝，因此幾乎所有人都認(rèn)為Hatches夫婦擁有這么多財(cái)富是出乎意料的。故選D。CEveryyearthousandsofpeoplecometothecityofPamplona,innorth-easternSpain,fortheopportunitytorunfortheirlivesassixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetown.Thereareinjuriesanddeathseveryyear,buttheeventisofinteresttomanypeople.ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.Thatisausefultopictoexplore.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.Perhapsunsurprisingly,theresearchersfoundthatrunnerspickedupspeedwhenthebullsdrewnear.Lessexpectedwasthefindingthatthespeedofindividualrunnersincreasedwiththedensityofthecrowd,whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.Yetitseemsthat,intheheatofthemoment,peoplepaylittleattentiontothedangerofcollidingwitheachother,anddonotslowdown.Theresponsibilitythereforefallsuponurbandesignerstoworkouthowbesttoplantheconstructionoffuturetunnels,bridgesandotherpassagesthatrestricttheflow.Theonlyoptionmaywellbetomakethemwider.8Whatdoesthepaperconcentrateon?A.Howsixfightingbullsappealtosomanypeople.B.Howbull-runscauseinjuriesanddeathseveryyear.C.HowsixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetownD.Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.9.Whyisadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattackmentionedinparagraph2?A.Peopleshouldlearnhowtodealwithsuchdisastersinaproperway.B.Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.C.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersoftenconsidersuchdisasters.D.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannerssometimesignoresuchdisasters.10.Whatisthelong-heldassumptionwhenthereisadangeroussituation?A.Peoplemaylosetheirmindsindisasters.B.Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.C.Peopletendtospeedupinhigh-densitycrowds.D.Peopleinpanickedcrowdscanbeunawareofthecollision.11.HowdidDr.Parisiandhisteamcarryouttheirresearch?A.Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.B.Byusingthemethodofreasoningandjudging.C.Byconsultingtheorganizersofthebull-runs.D.Bydoingexperimentswithsomevolunteers.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了西班牙潘普洛納奔牛節(jié)上人群在恐慌狀態(tài)下的奔跑行為為心理學(xué)家提供了研究機(jī)會(huì)，研究人員通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)人群密度增加時(shí)個(gè)體奔跑速度反而加快，這與傳統(tǒng)建筑設(shè)計(jì)理念中人們?yōu)楸苊馀鲎捕怕_步的假設(shè)相悖，因此城市設(shè)計(jì)師需要更好地規(guī)劃未來限制人流的隧道、橋梁等通道的建設(shè)，可能需要增加其寬度以提高安全性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.(一篇?jiǎng)倓偘l(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的論文描述了這一事件對(duì)恐慌人群心理的啟示。)”可知，這篇論文主要關(guān)注的是奔牛節(jié)是如何影響恐慌人群的心理和行為的。因此，選項(xiàng)D“Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.(奔牛節(jié)是如何影響恐慌人群的心理和行為的)”符合題意。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).(建筑師、土木工程師和城市規(guī)劃者必須設(shè)法了解人們?cè)诨馂?zāi)、洪水或恐怖襲擊等災(zāi)難中的行為方式，以便他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)建筑時(shí)可以避免潛在的致命碰撞。)”和第三句“Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.”(不幸的是，很難獲得確切的信息。)以及第四句“DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.(這篇論文的主要作者丹尼爾·帕里西意識(shí)到，潘普洛納的奔牛節(jié)提供了一個(gè)完美的自然實(shí)驗(yàn)。)”可知，建筑師、土木工程師和城市規(guī)劃者在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)會(huì)考慮像火災(zāi)、洪水或恐怖襲擊等災(zāi)難的情況，但很難獲得確切的信息，而潘普洛納的奔牛節(jié)為他們提供了一個(gè)自然的實(shí)驗(yàn)場景，可以通過觀察人們?cè)诒寂９?jié)中的行為來推測(cè)他們?cè)跒?zāi)難中的行為。因此，提到這些災(zāi)難是為了說明人們?cè)诒寂９?jié)中的行為和在災(zāi)難中的行為可能相似，選項(xiàng)B“Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.(人們?cè)诔鞘兄锌吹脚１寂軙r(shí)的行為和在災(zāi)難中的行為可能相同)”符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.(這與建筑和城市設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域長期以來的一個(gè)假設(shè)相悖，即隨著人群密度的增加，人們會(huì)放慢腳步，以降低碰撞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這可能導(dǎo)致摔倒，甚至可能造成傷害或死亡。)”可知，在危險(xiǎn)情況下，人們通常會(huì)放慢腳步以避免碰撞，這是長期以來的一個(gè)假設(shè)。因此，選項(xiàng)B“Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.(在擁擠的地區(qū)人們會(huì)放慢腳步)”符合題意。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.(2023年7月，帕里西博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)前往潘普洛納兩個(gè)不同的屋頂位置，拍攝了動(dòng)物被釋放時(shí)奔跑的人們。)”和“Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.(后來，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，他們計(jì)算了奔跑者的速度、人群的密度、奔跑者絆倒和摔倒的可能性以及奔跑者群體密度與速度之間的關(guān)系。)”可知，帕里西博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過觀察奔牛節(jié)事件并分析收集到的信息來進(jìn)行研究的。因此，選項(xiàng)A“Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.(通過觀察事件和分析信息)”符合題意。故選A。DJapanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertility(生育)rateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023.TheMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfareofJapanonWednesdayreportedthatthetotalfertilityrate,whichistheaveragenumberofchildrenawomanisexpectedtohaveinherlifetime,fellto1.20,continuouslydroppingfortheeighthyear.ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.Meanwhile,thenumberofdeathsroseby6,886fromtheyearof2022,reachingarecordhighof1,575,936.Thenumberofmarriagesalsofell,droppingby30,213fromtheyearof2022to474,717,thelowestsinceWorldWarII.Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedeclining(下滑的)birthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowances(補(bǔ)貼)andparentalleave.Startingintheyearof2026,thisnewchild-rearingsupportwillbefundedbyhighermonthlyhealthinsurancefees.Keychangesincludeextendingchildallowancecoveragefromage15toage18andremovingtheincomelimitforparentsandguardians.Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.Othermeasuresincludeincreasedbenefitsforparentstakingchildcareleaveandexpandeddaycareservicesforchildren,regardlessoftheirparents’employment(就業(yè))status.12.HowmanybabieswereborninJapanin2022?A.474,717. B.727,277. C.770,759. D.1,575,936.13.WhatisthemaintopicofParagraph3?A.Fallofthenumberofmarriages. B.Causesofthedecliningbirthrate.C.Effectsofthedecliningbirthrate. D.Challengeofbalancingworkandchildcare.14.Howcanparentswhohaveathirdchildbenefitfromthenewmeasures?A.Theywillbesuppliedwithfreemilkpowder. B.Theywillbeprovidedwithlow-renthousing.C.Theywillgetahighermonthlyallowance. D.Theywillgetmoremonthlysalaries.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.JapanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrateB.DaycareservicesforchildrenexpandedinJapanC.MoreyoungJapanesepeopleunwillingtomarryD.NumberofdeathsinJapanreachesarecordhigh【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要講述了日本生育率和出生人數(shù)創(chuàng)歷史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，包括擴(kuò)大兒童補(bǔ)貼、延長育兒假等?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.(日本2023年的新生兒數(shù)量為727277人，比2022年減少了43482人，是1899年有記錄以來的最低水平。)”可知，2023年日本出生嬰兒數(shù)量比2022年減少了43482人，降至727277人，因此可以反推出2022年日本出生嬰兒數(shù)量為727277+43482=770759人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedecliningbirthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.(晚婚和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題通常被認(rèn)為是出生率下降的原因。官員們表示，經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定以及平衡工作和育兒的挑戰(zhàn)等各種因素共同導(dǎo)致了這一危急局面。)”可知，晚婚和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題是生育率下降的原因，官員表示經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定和工作與育兒之間難以平衡等多種因素共同導(dǎo)致了這一嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，因此第三段主要講述的是生育率下降的原因。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.

(此外，第三個(gè)或更多孩子的每月津貼將增加一倍，達(dá)到3萬日元（192美元），這些變化將在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)生效。)”可知，有三個(gè)或更多孩子的家庭每月補(bǔ)貼將翻倍至30000日元（192美元），因此有三個(gè)孩子的父母可以從新措施中獲得更高的每月補(bǔ)貼。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)文章第一段“Japanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertilityrateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023(隨著2023年日本總生育率和出生人數(shù)創(chuàng)下歷史新低，日本將采取更多法律措施支持生育。)”可知，日本2023年的總和生育率和出生人數(shù)創(chuàng)歷史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，再根據(jù)最后一段“Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowancesandparentalleave(為了解決生育率下降的問題，日本周三通過了一項(xiàng)法律，擴(kuò)大每月兒童補(bǔ)貼和育兒假)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要講述的是日本通過新法律增加生育率。A選項(xiàng)“Japanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrate(日本通過新法律提高出生率)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’sTimetoGetStartedEverythingwedoinlifestartswithbabysteps.Inordertomakegreatprogresstowardyourgoals,nomatterhowbigorsmall,youhavetotakethefirststep.You’llhavemomentum(勢(shì)頭)bytakingthefirststep.____16____.Herearesomewaystogetstarted.Makeabravemove____17____.Doingsomethingtoactuallymakeithappenisanotherlevelofcommitmentaltogether.Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.____18____Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.Avoidturningyourdreamsandgoalsintosomeoneelse’s.HaveagoodattitudeDr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”____19____.Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.Itwillcarryyouthroughthehardtimes.Ipromise.You’llhaveagoodstartbyalwaysbeingpositive.HavealittlefaithNobodyknowswherethefirststepwilltakeyou.Andwhoknowsifitwillevenamounttoanything?But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.____20____.Knowingthateverythingwillworkoutasitshould.Goaheadandtaketheleap.Takethefirst,big,scary,awesome,life-changingandexcitingstep!A.BetruetoyourselfB.That’sagreattruthC.GetonwellwithothersD.AnyonecanconsiderdoingsomethingE.HavealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverseF.YouhadbetterthinktwicebeforeyoutakeactionG.Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們要勇敢邁出第一步去實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，介紹了一些開始行動(dòng)的方法，包括要勇敢行動(dòng)、傾聽內(nèi)心的聲音、保持良好態(tài)度、擁有一點(diǎn)信心?！?6題詳解】上文“You’llhavemomentum(勢(shì)頭)bytakingthefirststep.(邁出第一步，你就會(huì)獲得動(dòng)力)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了邁出第一步的重要性；G選項(xiàng)“Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain(也許這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的開始，你不得不重新開始)”提到了可能需要重新開始，它作為對(duì)邁出第一步后可能面臨挑戰(zhàn)的承認(rèn)，引出下文關(guān)于如何開始行動(dòng)的建議，起到了過渡作用。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】本段標(biāo)題為“Makeabravemove(勇敢行動(dòng))”，強(qiáng)調(diào)勇敢邁出行動(dòng)的重要性；D選項(xiàng)“Anyonecanconsiderdoingsomething(任何人都可以考慮做點(diǎn)什么)”作為段首句，引出下文關(guān)于實(shí)際行動(dòng)的建議，該選項(xiàng)與后文“Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.(如果你一直想做或嘗試一些新的或不同的事情，現(xiàn)在就下定決心去做吧)”實(shí)際行動(dòng)的建議呼應(yīng)，指出如果你一直想做或嘗試一些新的或不同的事情，現(xiàn)在就下定決心去做，符合段意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.(如果你知道你是出于真誠和良好的意圖而追隨自己的內(nèi)心，你就不會(huì)做錯(cuò)。經(jīng)常傾聽你內(nèi)心的聲音，保持真誠)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了忠于自己內(nèi)心的重要性；A選項(xiàng)“Betruetoyourself(忠于自己)”作本段標(biāo)題，直接點(diǎn)明本段主旨，即要忠于自己的內(nèi)心，與下文內(nèi)容緊密相連，故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Dr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”

(M·斯科特·佩克博士在他著名的開場白之一中說：‘生活是很艱難的?！?”強(qiáng)調(diào)生活是艱難的；B選項(xiàng)“That’sagreattruth(這是一個(gè)偉大的真理)”作為回應(yīng)，表示對(duì)佩克博士觀點(diǎn)的贊同，并引出下文“

Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.

(如果生活給我們帶來挑戰(zhàn)，那么最好以積極的態(tài)度面對(duì)它們)”關(guān)于如何面對(duì)生活挑戰(zhàn)的建議，即“如果生活給我們帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，那么最好用積極的態(tài)度去面對(duì)它們。”故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.(但是，僅僅通過邁出第一步，你就掌握了自己的命運(yùn)?？赡苄允菬o窮無盡的)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了邁出第一步的重要性以及未來的無限可能性；E選項(xiàng)“Havealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverse(對(duì)自己和宇宙多一點(diǎn)信任)”作為段尾句，總結(jié)了本段內(nèi)容，即要對(duì)自己和宇宙有信心，相信未來會(huì)有好的結(jié)果，與上文內(nèi)容緊密相連。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.That’swhy,in2022,thetwosistersstartedBooksLikeMe.Thenonprofitgroupsuppliesschoolswith____21____diverse(各式各樣的)children’sbooks.“Wedidn’treallylike____22____afewyearsago,”Hailisaid.“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____23____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.Wethoughtwecould____24____thatwithstudents,becauseweknewthatthiswould____25____notonlyusbutalsootherchildren.”Sowiththehelpoftheirparents,thesistersstartedBooksLikeMe.“Thiswillmakechildrenfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandhelpthembuildself-confidence,”saidHaili.Sofar,theyhave____26____morethan16,000bookstoschoolsnationwide.Educatorssayit’simportantforyoungstudentstohave____27____children’sbooks____28____diversecharacters.Abookcanbea____29____,lettingchildrenseethemselves______30______initscharacters;itcanbeawindow,helpingchildrenseefromtheperspective(角度)ofdiversecharacterswith______31______andexperiencesdifferentfromtheirownAnitraCarter.anelementaryschoolteacher,said,“______32______fromBooksLikeMehavegottenmystudents______33______aboutreading.Itsparkssomethingtoseeacharacterthatlookssimilartothem.Diversecharactershelpchildrendevelopempathy(同感).”“Ihope,andIthinkthatallchildrenshouldseethemselvesinbooks.Weneedtobringaboutthe______34______changethatwewanttoseeintheworld.Weneedtohelpmakethisworldabetterplaceforfuture______35______,”saidHaili.21.A.anxiously B.culturally C.blindly D.innocently22.A.reading B.speaking C.writing D.listening23.A.appealto B.callon C.makeout D.looklike24.A.defend B.investigate C.share D.observe25.A.affect B.interrupt C.forgive D.honor26.A.setaside B.givenaway C.turneddown D.leftout27.A.animpacton B.doubtabout C.accessto D.asenseof28.A.featuring B.limiting C.directing D.expecting29.A.wall B.mirror C.bottle D.package30.A.restored B.resolved C.recovered D.reflected31.A.rocks B.sticks C.documents D.backgrounds32.A.Applications B.Creations C.Donations D.Regulations33.A.embarrassed B.upset C.excited D.cautious34.A.positive B.sudden C.strange D.formal35.A.technicians B.planners C.scholars D.generations【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了海麗·史密斯和她的姐姐創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名為“BooksLikeMe”的非營利組織，該組織致力于為學(xué)校提供多樣化的兒童書籍，讓孩子們能在書中找到與自己相似的角色，從而提高他們的閱讀興趣和自我認(rèn)同感?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)非營利組織為學(xué)校提供具有文化多樣性的兒童書籍。A.anxiously焦急地；B.culturally文化上地；C.blindly盲目地；D.innocently天真地。根據(jù)前文“Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.”可知，海麗·史密斯和她的姐姐認(rèn)為如果孩子們覺得書中的角色與自己相似，他們就會(huì)更有閱讀的動(dòng)力，因此她們創(chuàng)建的這個(gè)非營利組織BooksLikeMe是為了提供具有文化多樣性的兒童書籍，讓孩子們能在書中找到與自己相似的角色。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“幾年前我們真的不喜歡閱讀，”海麗說。A.reading閱讀；B.speaking說話；C.writing寫作；D.listening聽。根據(jù)后文“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____3____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.”可知，此處指她們之前不喜歡閱讀，然后開始尋找與自己相似的角色的書。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：然后我們開始尋找那些有我們看到的和自己相像角色的書。A.appealto呼吁，吸引；B.callon號(hào)召，要求；C.makeout辨認(rèn)出，理解；D.looklike看起來像。根據(jù)前文“HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedt