2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit5MeetingyourancestorsSection3隨堂作業(yè)新人教版選修8

Unit5MeetingyourancestorsSectionⅡ請(qǐng)同學(xué)們細(xì)致完成練案[14]Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Therewasasystematic(有系統(tǒng)的)approachtosolvingtheproblem.2．Themeetingisofsuchgreatsignificance(意義)thatIhavetoattendit.3．Wemuststophimseeinghersomehow(以某種方式)．4．It'sveryrudetospitatsomeone.5．Hewantedtodeletemynamefromthelist.6．Thephotosbelonginanalbum.7．Shesendsherlittledaughtertothekindergarteneveryday.8．Iwantaskateboard(滑板)．9．WhenIwasachild,Ididn'tlikeonion(洋蔥),butIdon'tminditnow.10．Thehotelreceptionistwantstoknowwhenwewillbecheckingouttomorrowmorning.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Theybegancontributingarticlestoourmagazineseveralyearsago,andtheykeepdoingsountilnow.→Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2．IstartedtodrinkcoffeewhenIgottotheofficethisafternoon.Iamstilldrinkingcoffeenow.→IhavebeendrinkingcoffeealltheafternoonsinceIgottotheoffice.3.Ithasbeensixhourssincethebabyfellasleep.→Thebabyhasbeensleepingforsixhours.4．Mybrotherjoinedthepianoclubthreemonthsago.→Ithasbeenthreemonthssincemybrotherjoinedthepianoclub.5．LiLeimovedtoHangzhoutenyearsagoandheisstilllivingtherenow.→LiLeihasbeenlivinginHangzhoufortenyears.6.ThescientistcametostudytheChineseancientculturelastyearandheisstillworkinginChina.→ThescientisthasbeenstudyingtheChineseancientculturesincelastyear.7．Tom'sfatherdiedthreeyearsago.→Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Ⅲ.完成句子1．這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的失敗在很大程度上是由于他的馬虎。Thefailureoftheprojectwaslargelyduetohiscarelessness.2．不知怎么地，我感覺(jué)事故的目擊者在說(shuō)謊。Somehow，Ifeltthewitnesstotheaccidentwastellingalie.3．貝拉受夠了無(wú)趣的工作，確定再找一份新的。Bellawasfedupwiththeboringjobanddecidedtofindanewone.4．格雷絲代表公司在會(huì)議上介紹了新產(chǎn)品。Onbehalfofhercompany,Graceintroducedanewproductatthemeeting.5．互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的運(yùn)用在社會(huì)發(fā)展中具有重大意義。TheuseoftheInternetisofgreatsignificanceinthedevelopmentofsociety.Ⅳ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Therearelotsofwaystoraiseawarenessforacause.Usually，the1.Ctheideais，themoreitgetsnoticed.Andthat'spreciselywhyone2.AFrenchmanhascaughtourattention.BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，surviving3.Condiscarded(丟棄的)food.Thethreemonth,1,900milejourneyfromParistoWarsawisDubanchet's4.BofraisingawarenessoffoodwasteinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.Asyoucanimagine，thetripisnopieceofcake.Whilerestaurants5.Dtonsoffoodeachyear，muchofitremainsinaccessiblebecauseof6.Agarbagecontainers，healthregulations，orbusinesspolicies.Onlyaboutoneintenplacesofferedhimfoodthatwouldotherwisebediscarded.Forlegal7.A，mostrestaurantshaveapolicyagainst8.Bfoodwaste.“Somepeoplehaveeven9.Dtheirjobsbygivingmefood，”Dubanchetsaid.What's10.CinterestingistheattitudevariouscitieshavetowardDubanchet'scause.BerlinhasbeentheeasiestwhilethemostdifficultwastheCzechtownofPilsen.There，hehadto11.Catsome50differentstoresorrestaurantsbeforefindingfood.Thechallengeisallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthe12.CexerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.“Ihavetogetfood13.DbecauseafterallthebikingIamtiredandIneedthe14.B，”Dubanchetexplained.“Ismystomachfullorempty?Thatisthemostimportantthing，notwhatIameating.”Heaimsto15.DhisjourneybymidJuly.Withanyluck，he'llturnafewmoreheadsintheprocess.文章大意：本文講解并描述了法國(guó)人BaptisteDubanchet一路騎自行車(chē)穿越歐洲，途中以丟棄的食物為生，試圖通過(guò)他的行為，來(lái)喚起人們對(duì)食物奢侈現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注。1．A．cleverer B．olderC．strange D．simpler解析：依據(jù)下文中的“themoreitgetsnoticed”可知，此處是“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..(越……，越……)”結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)意表示“想法越不尋常，就越能引起人們的關(guān)注”。2．A．garbageeating B．sportslovingC．foodwasting D．lawbreaking解析：依據(jù)下文中的“ondiscarded(丟棄)food”和全文可知，BaptisteDubanchet一路靠丟棄的食物為生，由此可知他是個(gè)“吃垃圾的人”。3．A．secretly B．finallyC．entirely D．probably解析：他完全依靠丟棄的食物來(lái)維持生活，以此來(lái)喚起人們珍惜食物的意識(shí)。4．A．purpose B．wayC．opinion D．dream解析：這是一種喚起人們對(duì)食物奢侈現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行關(guān)注的方式。5．A．store B．cookC．shopfor D．throwaway解析：依據(jù)上下文可知，餐館每年要倒掉數(shù)噸食物。6．A．locked B．damagedC．connected D．a(chǎn)bandoned解析：依據(jù)上文可知，這些被丟棄的食物被鎖在了垃圾箱里。7．A．reasons B．rightsC．fees D．a(chǎn)ids解析：出于法律上的緣由，大部分餐館都有規(guī)定，不允許把要丟棄的食物送掉。8．A．beggingfor B．givingawayC．hiding D．causing解析：參考上題解析。giveaway贈(zèng)送，分發(fā)，選B。9．A．did B．keptC．a(chǎn)ccepted D．risked解析：有些人冒著丟掉工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給我食物。此處risk意為“冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，選D。10．A．hardly B．usuallyC．particularly D．merely解析：特殊有意思的是，不同城市對(duì)他這種行為的看法各不相同。particularly特殊，尤其。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，選C。11．A．work B．shoutC．a(chǎn)sk D．jump解析：在比爾森市，他不得不詢(xún)問(wèn)了約50家不同的商店或餐館，才討得食物。故選C。12．A．a(chǎn)dequate B．rewardingC．demanding D．suitable解析：這是一項(xiàng)費(fèi)勁的活動(dòng)，須要一路從法國(guó)騎自行車(chē)到波蘭。依據(jù)句意可知，選C。13．A．a(chǎn)gain B．a(chǎn)loneC．later D．fast解析：依據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，一路騎自行車(chē)，到達(dá)目的地后又累又餓，確定須要盡快地獲得食物，以補(bǔ)充身體所需的能量。故選fast。14．A．spirit B．energyC．time D．effort解析：參考上題解析。15．A．a(chǎn)rrange B．restartC．report D．finish解析：他準(zhǔn)備在7月中旬完成他的此次旅行，故選D。Ⅴ.閱讀理解(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice；iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院做的一項(xiàng)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)發(fā)覺(jué)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法運(yùn)算，但加的結(jié)果有時(shí)會(huì)小于總和。1．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem？CA．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys...”和“Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.”可知探討者們是先訓(xùn)練猴子然后才進(jìn)行測(cè)試的，故選C項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均未提及。2．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment？BA．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymixingtwodrinks.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...”可知猴子們是通過(guò)觸碰屏幕得到嘉獎(jiǎng)的，故選B項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均不是猴子所做的事。3．WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys？AA．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句可知，探討人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測(cè)試后發(fā)覺(jué)，猴子多半時(shí)候會(huì)選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記憶每個(gè)組合的值。4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear？DA．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.解析：推理推斷題。全文圍繞科學(xué)試驗(yàn)綻開(kāi)——探討者訓(xùn)練猴子并對(duì)其進(jìn)行測(cè)試后發(fā)覺(jué)猴子能夠進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)潔的加法運(yùn)算，但有時(shí)計(jì)算的結(jié)果不夠精確。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版上。Ⅵ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SupermarketsinVietnamandThailandareleadingthefight1.againstsingleuseplasticsby2.replacing(replace)plasticbagswithbananaleaves.Asweallknow,itisofgreatimportancetotheplanet3.thatwestopusingsomuchbloodyplastic.Firstly,itispoisoningtheseas.Whalesarewashedup4.todie(die)．Itisthehugeamountsofplasticinsidetheir5.stomachs(stomach)thatkillthem.Secondly,ifitispoisoningtheseas,it's6.probably(probable)poisoningus,too,forweeataloadofthingsthatcomeoutofthesea.Lately,anewandencouraging7.development(develop)startedwithaFacebookpostshowingbananaleavesbeingusedintheRimpingsupermarketinChiangMai.Thailand.Afterseeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost8.hasgot/gotten(get)inthepastfewmonths,supermarketsinVietnamhaveallfollowedsuit.AccordingtoaspokespersonforLotteMarketinHoChizminhCity,they'reonlydoingthisas9.atest,buttheyplantoexpandtheactionnationwideandhopetobeabletousetheleavesformeataswellasvegetablesbeforetoolong.Besides,anotherVietnamesesupermarket,hasalreadystartedusingbiodegradable(可生物降解的)bags10.made(make)fromcorn.Thisisastepintherightdirectionandwedoneedit.文章大意：這是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講解并描述的是越南和泰國(guó)的超市正在發(fā)起一場(chǎng)反對(duì)塑料袋運(yùn)用的戰(zhàn)役。為了削減環(huán)境污染，他們運(yùn)用香蕉葉來(lái)代替一次性塑料袋。解析：1．考查介詞。依據(jù)短語(yǔ)fightagainst表示“打擊，反對(duì)”。故填against。2．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。by是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。故填replacing。3．考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前面的代詞it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。從句不缺少成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。4．考查形容詞。句意：鯨魚(yú)被沖上岸等死。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知die在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且表示將要發(fā)生的事應(yīng)用不定式。故填todie。5．考查名詞的數(shù)。stomach為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)上文their可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，在后面干脆加s。故填stomachs。6．考查副詞。修飾句子的謂語(yǔ)ispoisoning應(yīng)用副詞probably，表示“可能”。故填probably。7．考查名詞。依據(jù)上文anewandencouraging可知此處應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞development，表示“發(fā)展”。故填development。8．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inthepastfewmonths對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為seeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has。故填hasgot/gotten。9．考查冠詞。test為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且test為輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞。故填a。10．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知make在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且make與邏輯主語(yǔ)bags之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填made。SectionⅢUsingLanguage課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞速記1．radioactive(adj.)放射性的；有輻射能的2．division(n.)分割；劃分；安排；分界線→divide(vt.)分開(kāi)；分成；安排3．a(chǎn)pplaud(vi.&vt.)鼓掌歡迎；贊許4．a(chǎn)ccelerate(vi.&vt.)5．a(chǎn)rrest(vt.)逮捕；吸引(n.)逮捕；拘留6．skilful/skillful(adj.)有技巧的；嫻熟的→skill(n.)技能；嫻熟→skilfully/skillfully(adv.)Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)互譯1．beworriedabout擔(dān)憂；苦惱2．ifonly但愿；要是……就好了3．lookahead向前看；為將來(lái)準(zhǔn)備4．時(shí)而；時(shí)常地nowandthen5．追溯到……datebackto/fromeq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Q))巧學(xué)妙記ac作前綴的詞with＋n.→介詞短語(yǔ)accelerate加速；促進(jìn)accumulate積累；聚集accuracy精確；精確accompany陪伴；陪伴accuse控告；控訴withrelief欣慰地withanger生氣地withfear膽怯 地withease輕易地withdelight興奮地Ⅲ.課文理解First略讀主旨1．Matchthegeneralideaofeveryparagraph.Para.1D A．Lalaandherfamiliesmadepreparationsforthefeast.Para.2APara.3B C．HowdidDahumaketools?Para.4C2．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？DA．ThemarriagelifeofLalaandDahu.B．Theseparateresponsibilitiesofmenandwomen.C．Thedifferencebetweenearlylifeandmodernlife.D．Thepreparationworkforafeast.Second細(xì)讀細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)1．What'sthebesttitleofthetext?CA．ThemarriageofLalaandDahuB．ThecollectionoffoodsC．ThepreparationsforthefeastD．Theseparateresponsibilities2．Accordingtothetext，whichjobwasoftendonebyLala？AA．Collectingfruit.B．Killinganimals.C．Sharpeningscrapers.D．Togofishing.3．WhichjobwasoftendonebyDahu？BA．Preparingmeals.B．Fishing.C．Collectingnuts.D．Makingmoney.4．WhydidLalaaccelerateherwalk？AA．Becauseshefearedwildanimals.B．Becauseshewasarrestedbyadelicioussmell.C．Becauseshe'dliketomeetherhusband.D．Becauseshewaslateforthefeast.5．Accordingtothetext,whatwasLala’sattitudetowardshermarriage？CA．Shefeltsoshy.B．Shefeltsoworried.C．Shefeltverysatisfied.D．Thetextdoesn'ttellus.Third精讀語(yǔ)篇1．Worried(worry)aboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhome.2.Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunions.Ifonlyshe3.hadlooked(look)aheadandplanned4.better(good)thisyear,Lalathought.Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecaves5.fearing(fear)thattheremightbewildbeasts.Shehadnoman6.withhisspeartoprotecther.Shehadalmostreachedherdestination7.whenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.8.Abruptly(abrupt)Lalasatdown，only9.tobescooped(scoop)upbyhersister,Luna.Lalawasinhigh10.spirits(spirit)whenthefirstoftheguestsfromtheneighbouringcavesbegantoarrivefordinner.Fourth研讀難句1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast，Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts，melonsandotherfruit.分析：本句為簡(jiǎn)潔句。Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作緣由狀語(yǔ)。相當(dāng)于緣由狀語(yǔ)從句Becauseshewasworriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast.worryabout為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“擔(dān)憂”。譯文：拉拉擔(dān)憂她這次盛宴的準(zhǔn)備工作，所以抓緊把堅(jiān)果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起來(lái)就快步回家了。2．Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunionsastheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands.分析：本句為復(fù)合句。It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為toseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesofreunions。astheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands為as引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：由于在草原上放牧，家族成員先分散開(kāi)，然后在不同的地方相聚，這是他們的一個(gè)習(xí)俗。課內(nèi)合作探究重點(diǎn)詞匯1．a(chǎn)pplaudvi.&vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊許①Theykeptapplaudinglongafterthecurtaincamedown.落幕之后，他們?nèi)蚤L(zhǎng)時(shí)間鼓掌。②Theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedtheperformers.觀眾向演員們熱情鼓掌。③Theyapplaudedhimforhiscourage.他們因他的志氣而贊揚(yáng)他。留意：applaudsb./sth.向某人/某事鼓掌表示歡迎或贊許applaudsb.forsth.因某事贊許某人eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展applausen.鼓掌；喝彩；夸獎(jiǎng)；贊揚(yáng)wintheapplauseof...贏得……的掌聲①Therewascontinuedapplause.掌聲經(jīng)久不息。②Theaudiencebrokeintorapturousapplause.聽(tīng)眾中爆發(fā)出一片歡呼喝彩聲。③Hisgoodconductdeservesapplause.他的優(yōu)良品德值得贊揚(yáng)。④Hisspeechwontheapplauseoftheaudience.他的講話贏得了聽(tīng)眾的掌聲。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①WeapplaudedBeijingforitsstronganddeterminedleadershipinprotectingthehealthofitspeople.解析：句意：我們贊許北京在愛(ài)護(hù)老百姓健康方面強(qiáng)大而堅(jiān)決的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。②Despitetheiryoungage，thechildrenskillfullyplayedthecharactersandwonmuchapplause(applaud)．解析：句意：盡管他們很年輕，這些孩子?jì)故斓匕缪萘诉@些角色并因此贏得了很多掌聲。2．a(chǎn)cceleratevi.&vt.加速；促進(jìn)①Thecaracceleratedonthedownhillroad.汽車(chē)在下山的路上加速行駛。②Sheacceleratedhercarandpassedthebusinfront.她加快車(chē)速超過(guò)了前面的公共汽車(chē)。③Thenewpolicyacceleratedthefallofthegovernment.新政策的出臺(tái)加速了該政府的倒臺(tái)。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展accelerationn.加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速實(shí)力；加速度acceleratorn.(汽車(chē)的)油門(mén)；加速器①I(mǎi)tcapturesafivesecondhistoryofspeed,accelerationandbraking.它能記錄5秒鐘內(nèi)汽車(chē)的速度、加速和剎車(chē)狀況。②Thedriverpressedontheaccelerator,savagelyroaringtheengine.司機(jī)踩下油門(mén)踏板，引擎轟鳴。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固補(bǔ)全句子①Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestoacceleratetherateofeconomicgrowth(加快經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的速度)．單句語(yǔ)法填空②Hemadeuphismindtoaccelerate(accelerate)hisadvertisingregardlessofothers'objection.3．a(chǎn)rrestvt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留①Hegotarrestedforrobbing.他因搶劫被逮捕。②Hewasarrestedforcausingaseriouscaraccident.他因造成嚴(yán)峻車(chē)禍而被逮捕。③Anunusualnoisearrestedmyattention.一陣不尋常的嘈雜聲引起了我的留意。④Thepolicemadeseveralarrestsduringthefootballmatch.警方在足球賽時(shí)逮捕了一些人。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展arrestsb.for因……而逮捕某人getarrested被逮捕arrestone'sattention引起某人的留意underarrest在關(guān)押中makeanarrest進(jìn)行拘捕eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyoungmanwasarrestedforhavingstolencomputers.②Whydidthewomangetarrested(arrest)lastnight?③Itissaidthatshewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．lookahead向前看；為將來(lái)準(zhǔn)備①Lookahead.Whatcanyouseeonthetopofthehill?向前看，你望見(jiàn)山頂上有什么東西？②Youngpeopleoftenlookaheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackonthepast.青年人常思將來(lái)，老年人常思既往。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展lookdownupon/on看不起，卑視lookforwardto盼望，期望lookinto調(diào)查，探討lookthrough溫習(xí)，細(xì)致檢查，閱讀lookup查閱lookupto敬重，仰慕①Thegovernmentwilllookintohowtoreduceunemploymentrate.政府將探討如何降低失業(yè)率。②MyfathercertainlyhasgreatinfluenceonmeandIalwayslookuptohim.我父親對(duì)我有極深遠(yuǎn)的影響，我始終很敬重他。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固完成句子①Lookingahead，Iamfilledwithconfidenceandenthusiasm.展望將來(lái)，我充溢信念和熱忱。用look短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空②MrSmithhadtaughtformanyyears,andallstudentslookeduptohim.③Youshouldlookthroughyournotesbeforetheexamination.④We'lllookintothematterfirstbeforecomingtoadecision.2．datebackto...“追溯到……，始于”，相當(dāng)于datefrom。①M(fèi)yfamilyhasavase,whichissaidtodatebacktotheMingDynasty.我家有個(gè)花瓶，據(jù)說(shuō)是從明代傳下來(lái)的。②TombSweepingDaydatesbacktotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.清明節(jié)可以追溯到春秋時(shí)代。③TheculturalrelicdiscoveredlatelydatesfromtheQingDynasty.最近發(fā)覺(jué)的文物屬于清朝。留意：datebackto和datefrom常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展uptodate最近的；跟上時(shí)代的outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的；廢棄的①Justlikeyourantivirus,youhavetokeepyourfirewalluptodate.就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墻是最新的。②Allourinformationiskeptrightuptodateonthecomputer.我們貯存在計(jì)算機(jī)里的全部信息都跟得上時(shí)代的發(fā)展。③Thetimetableisoutofdate.這張時(shí)辰表過(guò)期了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析datebackto和datebackdatebackto“追溯到；始于”，其后接表示詳細(xì)時(shí)間的名詞dateback“上溯；追溯”，其后接表示一段時(shí)間的名詞Thehistoryoftheirfamilydatesbackhundredsofyears;thehousewheretheylivedatesbacktothe18thcentury.他們的家族已有幾百年的歷史；他們住的房子始建于18世紀(jì)。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固完成句子①Hisinterestintheartcandatebacktoalittleincidentinhischildhood.他對(duì)美術(shù)的愛(ài)好可以追溯到孩童時(shí)代的一件小事。選詞填空(outofdate,uptodate,fixadate)②We'llkeepyouuptodatewiththelatestnews.③Youcangiveawaytheoldclothesthatareoutofdatetothoseinneedofclothing.④Wehavetofixadatetodiscusstheproblemcarefully.單句語(yǔ)法填空⑤Everyspringwewilltakepicturesinfrontoftheoldtree,whichdates(date)backtoasearlyas800yearsago.經(jīng)典句式1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts,melonsandotherfruit.拉拉擔(dān)憂她這次盛宴的準(zhǔn)備工作，所以抓緊把堅(jiān)果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起來(lái)就快步回家了。worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。Buriedinherhomework,shedidn'tnoticeitwas10o'clock.忙于她的作業(yè)，她沒(méi)留意到已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)了。Devotedtohisresearch,hehasnotimetowatchTV,sohedoesn'tknowwhathashappenedtoJapan.致力于他的探討，他沒(méi)時(shí)間看電視，因此他不知道近來(lái)日本發(fā)生了什么事。留意：有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這些詞有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①Exhausted(exhaust),helayonthegrass.②Heturnedaway,satisfied(satisfy)．③Addicted(addict)totheInternet,hedidn'tstudyatall.解析：句意：沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他一點(diǎn)也不學(xué)習(xí)了。beaddictedto...“沉溺于……”，addictedto為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。2．Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見(jiàn)，安排得更好些就好了！ifonly...意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”，其后的句子常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表達(dá)劇烈的愿望或缺憾。ifonly所在的句子可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)(表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬)。Ifonlymymotherwerewithmenow!要是我母親現(xiàn)在和我在一起就好了！Ifonlyhewouldreplytomyletter!要是他能給我回信就好了！留意：“Ifonly＋句子”是一個(gè)固定句型，表示一種愿望，意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”。①“ifonly...could/would＋do...”表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。Idreadthecomingexams.IfonlyIcouldhavetimetoreviewmylessons.我對(duì)即將到來(lái)的考試特別擔(dān)憂。假如我有時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)該多好啊。②“ifonly...did...”表示與目前或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望。IfonlyIhadanotherchance.要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。③“ifonly...haddone...”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。Ifonlyyouhadcometohelpusyesterday!你要是昨天來(lái)幫我們就好了！eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(W))溫馨提示onlyif“只有……才”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中only表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。因?yàn)闋钫Z(yǔ)從句放在句首，又用only強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以主句主謂要倒裝。Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.你只有提出了很多不同的問(wèn)題之后才有可能獲得你須要知道的信息。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No,ifonlyIhadn'tsaid(say)thosetoughwordstohim.解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答句句意：沒(méi)有，要是我不對(duì)他說(shuō)那些狠話就好了。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境可知，對(duì)兒子說(shuō)狠話是在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。②Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.解析：考查固定句式。句意：假如他按醫(yī)生的叮囑寧?kù)o地躺著就好了，他現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)遭這么多罪了。ifonly“要是……就好了；但愿……”。依據(jù)句意可知“躺”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。③—DidJacktakethedoctor'sadvicethathe(should)lie(lie)inbedforanotherthreedays?—Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)．解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：——杰克接受醫(yī)生讓他在床上再躺三天的建議了嗎？——他要是躺著就好啦。advice“建議”，后面同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)當(dāng)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知他并未接受醫(yī)生的建議，故ifonly引導(dǎo)的句子與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。④Otherstellyouthattheywouldgosomuchfurtherintheircareerifonlytheyhad(have)acollegeeducation.解析：考查固定句式。句意：其他人告知你要是他們接受了高校教化的話，他們就會(huì)在事業(yè)方面走更遠(yuǎn)。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3．Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeastslyinginwaitforher.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞窟的步伐，擔(dān)憂會(huì)有野獸在等著她。此句中多處用了現(xiàn)在分詞?！癏avingheardwolveshowlingintheforest”為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作緣由狀語(yǔ)，其中“howlingintheforest”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而“fearingthat...”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其中that從句為動(dòng)詞fear的賓語(yǔ)，從句中的“l(fā)yinginwaitforher”為分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾wildbeasts。Havingfinishedhisreport,Tomwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.完成了他的報(bào)告，湯姆去操場(chǎng)打籃球了。Isawhimtalkingwithhisteacherjustnow.剛才我望見(jiàn)他正和他老師談話。Theywalkedontheroadtothelibrary,talkingandlaughing.他們走在去圖書(shū)館的路上，說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑。Thisisthedogbarkingjustnow.這就是剛才叫喚的那只狗。留意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，它與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①Havingfinished(finish)aday'swork，shewenthomeatoncefearingthatthereweremanycarsdrivinghomeontheroad.②Living(live)inasoutherncityofChina,Ihaveneverseensuchawonderfulsnowview.③Nothavinggrown(notgrow)upyet,you'renotallowedtoenterthebars.4．Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到達(dá)目的地的時(shí)候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她停下來(lái)，不往前走了。句中“haddone...when...”是一個(gè)常用句型，意為“(剛)做完了……就在那時(shí)……”。when表示“就在那時(shí)”時(shí)，常見(jiàn)句式及意義如下：Hewastalkingabouthisplanswhensuddenlythelightswentoff.他還在喋喋不休地講著他的安排，這時(shí)燈突然滅了。Iwasabouttogotobedwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我剛要上床睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。Wehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow.我們剛到就起先下雪了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2024·天津卷改編)Iwasdriving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.解析：考查固定句型。句意：我正開(kāi)車(chē)去倫敦時(shí)，突然我發(fā)覺(jué)我走錯(cuò)了路。was/weredoingsth.＋when(suddenly)did...,when為并列連詞，意為：就在這時(shí)(那時(shí))。②Iwasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthebellrang.完成句子③Ihadalmostfinishedmyworkwhenthepowerwentout.我剛要完成工作的時(shí)候停電了。5．Hechoseonelargestoneandbegantouseitlikeahammerstrikingtheedgeofthescraperthatneededsharpening.他選了一大塊石頭，把它當(dāng)作錘子敲打一個(gè)須要磨快的石刮刀邊沿。(1)本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞scraper。(2)句中neededsharpening中的sharpening是動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，英語(yǔ)中need，want，require等動(dòng)詞后可以接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleaned.這所房子須要打掃一下。Thesentencewantsexplaining/tobeexplainedagain.這個(gè)句子須要再說(shuō)明一遍。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)當(dāng)中有很多用的是主動(dòng)形式，但表達(dá)的意義卻是被動(dòng)的，現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下：①表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Themixturetastedterrible.這種混合物嘗起來(lái)味道很不好。②表達(dá)事物行為、方式的動(dòng)詞open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等習(xí)慣上以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thenewdoorwon'topen.新門(mén)打不開(kāi)。③“be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動(dòng)含義。Theproblemishardtosolve.這問(wèn)題很難解決。④beonshow,beonsale,beunderdiscussion等表被動(dòng)意義。Summerclothesareonsale.夏裝正在出售。⑤“beworthdoing”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。Thefilmisworthseeing.這部電影值得一看。⑥“不定式作后置定語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時(shí)鞏固完成句子①Theserawmeatneedscuttingup/tobecutup.這些生肉須要切碎。②Thefloorrequireswashing/tobewashed.地板須要沖洗。