專題-15-閱讀理解：詞義猜測題測-(解析版)

專題15閱讀理解：詞意猜測題備考2023年高考英語二輪復習講練測--測（解析版）時間：40分鐘共20小題名校最新模擬試題詞義猜測（共20小題）1.(云南省昆明市云南師范大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期適應(yīng)性月考)Althoughitcanbefoundinnaturalvanillabeanextract,vanillinalsocanbemadesyntheticallyusingchemicalscomingfrompetrol.Tocreateitfromplastic,instead,researchersgeneticallymodifiedastrainofE.colibacteriasothatitcanmakevanillinfromarawmaterialusedintheproductionofplasticbottles.33.Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“synthetically”inparagraph3?A.NaturallyB.ArtificiallyC.Biologically D.Industrially【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。由第三段“Althoughitcanbefoundinnaturalvanillabeanextract,vanillinalsocanbemadesyntheticallyusingchemicalscomingfrompetrol.Tocreateitfromplastic,instead,researchersgeneticallymodifiedastrainofE.colibacteriasothatitcanmakevanillinfromarawmaterialusedintheproductionofplasticbottles.(雖然香草香精可以在天然香子蘭豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用來自汽油的化學物質(zhì)synthetically香草香精。相反，為了用塑料制造香草香精，研究人員對一株大腸桿菌進行了基因改造，使其能夠從塑料瓶生產(chǎn)中使用的原材料中生產(chǎn)香草香精)”可知，第三段講述了實驗室里人造香草香精的過程，synthetically意為“人造的（Artificially）”。故選B項。(四川省樹德中學2022-2023學年高三上學期10月階段性測試)Overall,Norwayisseeingarapidincreaseinpassengercarthisyear—morethan35%higherthanin2020.Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenatopforpoliticaldebatethisyear,aslawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfromfossilfuels.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Calculate B．Reduce C．Receive D．Increase.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenatopforpoliticaldebatethisyear”(隨著電動汽車銷售的蓬勃發(fā)展，免除增值稅的未來成為今年政治辯論的熱門話題)可知，是否免除增值稅將成為今年政治辯論的熱點話題，結(jié)合劃線單詞前后“as

lawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfromfossilfuels.”(因為立法者們正在研究如何在支持遠離化石燃料的同時bolster稅收收入)可知，是否免除增值稅將成為今年政治辯論的熱點話題，而對于立法者們而來說，他們想要的是雙贏，即在支持遠離化石燃料的同時，又能提高稅收收入。所以可以推斷出劃線單詞“bolster”是“增加”的意思，D選項“Increase”(增加)與劃線單詞意思一樣，A.Calculate計算；B.Reduce減少；C.Receive收到，均不符，故選D。(山東省東營市第一中學2022-2023學年10月月考)InKansasCity,theKCPetProjectisseeinganimalssurrenderedbecauseoftheirowners’moneyproblems.“Itissadtoseeanumberofpetscominginthroughourdoors,”saidKCPetProjectChiefCommunicationsOfficerToriFugate.“Peoplearecallinguseveryweeksaying,‘Idon’twanttoleavemyanimal,butIcan’tfindaplacetolivewithit.’”9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surrendered”inparagraph4mean?A．Huntedfor B．Lookedover C．Givenup D．Handedout【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“becauseoftheirowners’moneyproblems(因為主人的經(jīng)濟問題)”和“Itissadtoseeanumberofpetscominginthroughourdoors(看到這么多寵物走進我們的家門，我們很難過)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“在堪薩斯城，KC寵物項目看到一些動物因為主人的經(jīng)濟問題而被遺棄”，劃線詞surrendered的意思是“遺棄”，和givenup意思相近，故選C。(江蘇省蘇州市2022-2023學年高三期初考試英語試題)ForAmazonandNetflix,addinggamestotheirplatformscouldattractmoresubscribers.Orattheveryleastdissuadeexistingonesfromleaving.Afterajumpcausedbypandemicinusers,Netflixdropped430,000subscribersinthesecondquarterbutregainedsomeoftheseinthethirdquarter.Netflixhassaidinthepastthatinthe“attentioneconomy”,itcompetesagainstvideogamesjustasmuchasvideostreamingservices.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissuade”inParagraph3mean?A．forbid B．Discourage C．release D．protect【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“ForAmazonandNetflixaddinggamestotheirplatformscouldattractmoresubscribers(對于亞馬遜和Netflix在他們的平臺上增加游戲可以吸引更多的用戶)”可知，平臺加入電子游戲元素，可以吸引一些新的訂閱用戶。由此推測劃線句子意為“或者（這樣做）至少勸阻現(xiàn)有的用戶離開”，即dissuade意為“勸阻”，與discourage同義。故選B。5.(湖南師范大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期月考)Asaresult,theymakeupasmallershareoftheworkforce.Withgraduationceremoniesbehindthem,thelatestgroupofdiploma-holdersareenteringthejobmarket.Whattheywantfromemployersisalsonotquitethesameasingenerationspast.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diploma-holders"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Employees B．StudentsC．GraduatesD．Shareholders【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段劃線詞前半句“Withgraduationceremoniesbehindthem,(隨著畢業(yè)典禮的結(jié)束，)”可知，隨著畢業(yè)典禮的結(jié)束，最新一批文憑持有者正在進入就業(yè)市場。可以推出，diploma-holders指的是那些參加完畢業(yè)典禮，準備進入就業(yè)市場的畢業(yè)生。這與diploma-holder“畢業(yè)文憑持有者”的字面意思也相符。故選C。6.(河南省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學年上學期開學考英語試題)LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErikWeihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdreamofclimbing.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ignited”inparagraph5mean?A．Lighted B．Accomplished C．FollowedD．Recalled【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErikWeihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdreamofclimbing.(洛茨曾分享過美國盲人登山者埃里克·維亨邁爾在2001年5月攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的故事。這個故事感動了他，ignited了他的登山夢想)”中劃線詞后“hisdreamofclimbing”和可推知，埃里克·維亨邁爾的故事點燃了張的登山夢想，結(jié)合選項，動詞ignite與light同義，意為“點燃，激起”。故選A項。7.(河北省保定市2022-2023學年高三9月份考試英語試題)Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosadmusicisamajorone.Itcanhelpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers—bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“avenues”inparagraph2mean?A．Relations B．Pathways C．Stations D．Struggles【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.(但研究表明，心痛是有途徑的)”以及畫線詞上文“Itcanhelpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers(它可以幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望。它可以激發(fā)同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望)”可知，悲傷的音樂可以幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望，以及激發(fā)同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望，這兩種途徑都可以穿過心痛和絕望的牢籠。故畫線詞意思是“途徑”。故選B。(北京市師范大學附屬實驗中學2022-2023高三上學期開學摸底考試)Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-designandengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2means________.hitsthemarket getsapprovalbecomessuccessful comesintobeing【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語的主語“anidea”意為“想法；主意”，結(jié)合后文“itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-designandengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.”（然后，它將由產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和工程團隊來處理，其中四分之三的成員是男性。）可知，這個想法或創(chuàng)意應(yīng)是先被批準，才將由產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和工程團隊來處理。由此可推知，劃線短語“getsthegreenlight”應(yīng)是“獲得批準”含義，與選項B“getsapproval(得到批準)”表達含義一致。故選B項。(北京市八一學校2022-2023學年高三暑期學習反饋英語試題)JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?Hot-airballoon B．DigitalcameraC.Bigphotograph D．Bird’sview【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.可知，美國國家航空航天局為測試一些新的高海拔照相機而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認為他們可能會將其放大以供一個游客中心展示。根據(jù)常識可知，游客中心的照片一般都很大，以吸引游客的注意，故此處意為“將照片放大”，選C。(2023屆河南省洛陽市洛陽創(chuàng)新發(fā)展聯(lián)盟高三摸底考試英語試題)ResearchersfromTheUniversityofQueensland(UQ)havehelpeddesignanewapptoprotectbirdsatriskofextinctionacrosstheworldbyeliminatinglanguagebarriersamongscientists.TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”,ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminating“inparagraph1mean?A．Givinginto B．Comingacross C．Puttingupwith D．Breakingdown【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”,ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation.（鳥類語言多樣性網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒂兄谔峁傍B瞰視圖”，確保重要信息共享，以改善全球保護。）”以及第二段““Scientificinformationonspeciescanbespreadacrossdifferentlanguages,butvaluableinformationcangomissingorgetlostintranslation,”DrNegretsaid.（“關(guān)于物種的科學信息可以在不同的語言中傳播，但有價值的信息可能會在翻譯中丟失或丟失，”內(nèi)格雷特博士說。）”可知，這款應(yīng)用程序通過打破科學家之間的語言障礙來保護世界各地瀕臨滅絕的鳥類。由此可推知，eliminate在此意為“破壞，消除”。故選D。11.（浙江衢州二中2022屆高三英語第一次模擬考試）Recently,anewstudyhasshownthatcertaincells,calledtimecells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesintimeorder.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.Later,thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.5.Whichcanreplacetheword“sequence”inthe2ndparagraph?A.Result B.Number C.Detail D.Order【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上句“Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories”當記憶形成時，這些時間細胞在記憶上烙上了印記。以及“…ofeventsandexperiences.”時間和經(jīng)歷的細節(jié)?？芍@些時間細胞在記憶上烙上的印記幫助我們敘述事件和經(jīng)歷的確切順序?！皊equence”意思是順序。故選D項。12.（北京101中學2022屆上學期高三年級10月月考英語試卷）Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodshe'seating,anotherjoycomesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:"Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthebiggerpicture,"shesaid,"thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,nowill."26.Whatisthe"thebiggerpicture"(Para.6)thatLoewishesherchildrentounderstand?A.Theknowledgeaboutgoodfood.B.Thewaytoliveagrow-our-ownlife.C.Thejoyofgettingintouchwithfoods.D.Theresponsibilitytoprotectourearth.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段Loe說的話，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,nowill.”是劃線部分的同位語，是起對劃線部分解析說明的作用。根據(jù)這句話，我們可以推斷出，Loe是想讓孩子們理解，如果不能照顧好這個地球，以后也不會吃到自己種的菜了。所以，她是想讓孩子們理解保護好地球是每個人的責任。故選D項。(2022年8月浙江省“山水聯(lián)盟”高三聯(lián)考)Theresearchersareuncertainwhythechimpsusetheinsects,orevenwhichinsectstheyare,butsuspecttheymighthavelenitivepropertiesthatcouldprovidepainrelief.9.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword“l(fā)enitive”inParagraph2?A.Original B.Relieving C.Refreshing D.Resistant【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線詞后的句子“thatcouldprovidepainrelief.（這可以緩解疼痛）”可知，上文劃線部分的lenitive與relieving“緩解的”同意，故選B項。14.（2022年浙江省七彩陽光新高考研究聯(lián)盟返校聯(lián)考）Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyandresourcesintoreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”saysAshleyHamiltonClaxton.D.Thecompanydoesn'tsayit's“green”and“eco”.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probablymean?A.put B.clarify C.stop D.divide【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.”(阻止全球協(xié)作處理氣候緊急情況。)可以推測出，錯誤的聲明實際上阻礙錢和資源流入真正綠色的新計劃和業(yè)務(wù)中，才會阻止全球協(xié)作處理氣候緊急情況。A.put放；B.clarify闡明；C.stop停止，阻攔；D.divide分開。所以hamper應(yīng)與選項C.stop同義，意為阻止，阻礙。故選C。15.(北京交通大學附中2023屆高三開學英語診斷練習)Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Examined B.Explained. C.Repeated. D.Released.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第四段第一句“Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.”(科學判斷的一個關(guān)鍵方面是集體判斷。)和最后一句“Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.”(這就是為什么科學的多樣性——更多的人從不同的角度看待一項主張——很重要。)可知，此處是指一個主張需要經(jīng)過很多人的檢測才會被接受。所以vetted意為“被檢測”。故選A。16.(廣東省東莞市東華高級中學2022-2023學年高三上學期模擬考試)Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.ThingschangeIfyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"bleak"inthelastparagraph?A．unattractive B．hopelessC．thrilling D．promising【答案】B【解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一、二句“Themoralofthisstoryis…don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.”(這個故事的寓意是……不要放棄。即使現(xiàn)在情況看起來很bleak，也不要放棄。)可知，能夠?qū)е履銓σ患虑榈姆艞?，這件事可能是無望的或者是糟糕的，所以能夠替換bleak的詞是hopeless。故選B項。17.（廣東省汕頭市金山中學2022-2023學年高三上學期第二次月考）HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard—havebeenidentifiedbyaninternationalcooperationofresearchersheadedbythePACUNAMFoundation,aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaempire.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Those”inparagraph4referto?A．ThejunglesoftheReserve. B．TheoutlinesoftheMayaempire.C．Theresearchersoftheorganization. D．Theman-madeprojectsoftheReserve.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard(城市遺跡隱藏在瑪雅生態(tài)保護區(qū)處的密林之下。超過6萬多項人造工程有房舍、運河。高速公路，它們當中有一些建造水準已經(jīng)達到當代的水平)”可知，劃線代詞those指的是前文中提到的“瑪雅生物保護區(qū)的6萬多項人造工程”。故選D項。（廣西北海市2022-2023學年高三上學期9月聯(lián)考適應(yīng)性考試）Dogsareborntosocialisewithpeoplebecauseweraisethemthatway.Two-month-olddogscanalreadyrecognisewhenpeoplearepointingatobjectsandwillstareatourfaceswhenthey’respokento—bothsignsthatdogshaveaninnatecapacitytointeractwithusthroughbodylanguage.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“innate”inparag