2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4Naturaldisasters預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案新人教版必修第一冊

PAGE8-Unit4NaturaldisastersⅠ.匹配詞義()1.drought A．n.管子；管道()2.brick B．n.磚；磚塊()3.metal C．n.颶風(fēng)()4.context D．n.&v．碰撞；撞擊()5.crash E．n.上下文；語境()6.hurricane F．n.旱災(zāi)()7.pipe G．n.金屬()8.sweepaway H．露天；在戶外()9.intheopenair I．殲滅；徹底消退()10.inruins J．嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪[答案]1－5FBGED6－10CAIHJⅡ.默寫單詞1．disastern．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)難2．rescuen．&vt.營救；救援3．damagevt.&n．4．destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅5．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；侵襲6．electricityn．電；電能7．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試8．powern．電力供應(yīng)；能量9．calmadj.冷靜的vt.使安靜10．deliverv．遞送；發(fā)表Ⅰ.語境填空flooded，waving，shelters，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered1．Thepersonsintheearthquake-strickenareaareinneedoffood，medicineandshelters．2．Howdoesthefamilysurviveonsuchasmallmonthlywage?3．Latestreportssaythatmudslidesburiedthevillage.4．Afterthewomanheardthatherhusbandwaskilledinthecaraccident，shewentintoshock．5．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrapandcovereditwithsomeleaves.6．Thisisoneoftheworstdisastersthathitthearea.7．Hehassuppliedmewiththenecessaryinformation.8．Doyouhaveyourmilkdeliveredtoyourhouseeveryday?9．Amaninthewaterwasshoutingandwavinghisarmsaroundwildly.10．Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Theysaidtheydidnotwantwar,butifattackedtheywouldfighttothedeath(dead)．2．Ihavedreamsofthisplaceandwonderwhatitwouldbeliketobreathe(breath)thisair.3．Weallgotshocked(shock)atthestory.4．Thelength(long)ofaparagraphdependsontheinformation.5．Hegaveanexampleofbraveryandwisdom(wise)．6．Alanlookedathimandsaidcalmly(calm)，“Idon'tbelieveyou.”7．Hehasgotapowerful(power)positioninthegovernment.8．Themedicineiseffective(effect)tothepatient.9．Heformedahabitofsummarizing(summary)whathehadlearned.10．Hewastheonlysurvivor(survive)oftheaccident.1．Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.連續(xù)幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2．Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.堅硬的石山變成了泥土的河流。3．Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望尚存。4．Thecitybegantobreatheagain.這座城市又起先復(fù)原朝氣。5．InSriLanka，some1，600kilometreseastofthequakecentre，thenumberofdeathsstoodat2，498...在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)2498人……詞語助讀①northeastern/nist?n/adj.東北部的；來自東北部的southwestern/sawest?n/adj.西南部的；西南的②well/wel/n.井③rise/raIz/vi.上升；起床④smelly/smelI/adj.有難聞氣味的⑤asleep/?slip/adj.睡著的(為表語形容詞)fallasleep睡著fast/soundasleep熟睡⑥asusual像通常一樣⑦shake/eIk/v．(shook，shaken)(使)抖動，搖動⑧cometoanend結(jié)束⑨directly/d?rektlI/adv.恰好，正好地；徑直；馬上conj.一……就……directlybelow/ahead正下方/正前方⑩deadly/dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，徹底的adv.極其，特別?morethan超過；不僅僅；特別nomorethan僅僅；不超過?waterway/wt?weI/n．水路，航道landway/landroute陸路airroute航路?inruins嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪ruin/ruIn/n.&vt.破壞；毀壞?thenumberof...……的數(shù)量。后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。?survivor/s?vaIv?(r)/n.生還者；生還者survival/s?vaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活?gone/n/adj.不復(fù)存在；用完了；(人)離開了。為形容詞化的過去分詞，在句中常作表語。?blow...away把……吹走；把……驅(qū)散?railwaytrack鐵路軌道trackn．軌道；(人)踩出的小道；蹤跡v．跟蹤?useless/jusl?s/adj.沒用的[反義]usefuladj.有用的?insteadof代替，作為……的替換(后跟名詞、代詞、v.-ing)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))inshock震驚；驚訝(通常作表語)shock/k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))falldown倒塌；跌倒fallover跌倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))electricity/IlektrIs?tI/n.電；電能eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))digout挖掘出；找出，發(fā)覺eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))trap/trp/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱betrappedin...被困在……中eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))bury/berI/vt.安葬；安葬beburiedin...被埋于……里面；埋頭于……eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))medicalcare醫(yī)療護(hù)理eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))breathe/brie/vi.&vt.呼吸breath/bre/n.呼吸的空氣；一次吸入的空氣eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))revive/rIvaIv/vt.&vi.復(fù)活；(使)醒悟revival/rIvaIvl/n.振興；復(fù)蘇eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))onone'sfeet站著，站立eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tireless/taI?l?s/adj.不知疲乏的，精力充足的tiredadj.疲乏的，疲憊的eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))effort/ef?t/n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))prove/pruv/vt.證明；證明linkingverb后來被發(fā)覺是，最終顯現(xiàn)為eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))intimesof...在……時候attimes有時eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))unify/junIfaI/vi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體unifiedadj.統(tǒng)一的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))wisdom/wIzd?m/n.才智；才智eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))rebuild/ribIld/vt.重建，重組文化采風(fēng)唐山大地震1．地震概況1976年7月28日03時42分53秒，中國河北省唐山豐南一帶發(fā)生里氏7.8級地震，震中烈度11度、震源深度10余千米，地震持續(xù)約23秒。23秒鐘后，2．抗震精神一座城市的毀滅是可怕的，人的精神崩潰更為可怕。然而，唐山人民在災(zāi)難面前所表現(xiàn)出的“公而忘私，同甘共苦，百折不撓，勇往直前”的抗震精神，是震時及震后建設(shè)中支撐、激勵、鼓舞和引導(dǎo)唐山人民最終戰(zhàn)勝地震災(zāi)難、重建家園的精神力氣。3．地震影響世界各地的科學(xué)家紛紛來到唐山，依據(jù)這個自然“試驗場”進(jìn)行大量探討，使人類加深了對地球的相識，在防衛(wèi)地震災(zāi)難方面也邁出了一大步；在唐山抗震實踐中，中國誕生了“地震社會學(xué)”，為解決全球城市化進(jìn)程中面臨的日益嚴(yán)峻的災(zāi)難問題，奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)，供應(yīng)了勝利的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)范例。原文呈現(xiàn)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit[1]．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat[2]，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide[3]，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.[1]“comingoutofit”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas。gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。[2]此處為“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能……”。[3]“l(fā)ookingforplacestohide”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，Mice與lookfor之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，“找尋”與“跑”同時進(jìn)行。At3：42a．m.，everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧！[4]Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity，oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan?150kilometresawayinBeijing[5]．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit！Ahugecrack，eightkilometreslongand30metreswide，cutacrosshouses，roads，andwaterways?.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins?.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents．[6]Thenumberof?peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.[4]本句中asif引導(dǎo)表語從句，該從句運(yùn)用了虛擬語氣。[5]“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”為“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位語，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞aquake，that在從句中作主語。[6]此處為“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式。Everywheresurvivors?looked，therewasnothingbutruins.[7]Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings，90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone?.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway?.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross．[8]Therailwaytracks?werenowuseless?piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof?water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o\ac(○,21)—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o\ac(○,22).Water，food，andelectricityeq\o\ac(○,23)werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast[9]．[7]“Everywheresurvivorslooked”是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。Everywhere既是地點(diǎn)副詞，也作連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”結(jié)構(gòu)，but是介詞，意為“除……之外”；該結(jié)構(gòu)后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式，假如nothing前面有實義動詞do時，后跟的動詞不定式要省略to。[8]此處是“主語＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也屬于此句型。[9]how在此作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，同時作狀語修飾形容詞long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o\ac(○,24)thosewhoweretrappedeq\o\ac(○,25)andtoburyeq\o\ac(○,26)thedead.[10]Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o\ac(○,27).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheeq\o\ac(○,28)again.[10]本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”為兩個并列的動詞不定式作目的狀語，其中whoweretrapped為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時，定語從句要用who引導(dǎo)。thedead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o\ac(○,29)itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o\ac(○,30).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o\ac(○,31)effortseq\o\ac(○,32)ofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o\ac(○,33)toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o\ac(○,34)disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o\ac(○,35)andshowthewisdomeq\o\ac(○,36)tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o\ac(○,37)forabrighterfuture．[11][11]本句運(yùn)用了“prove