Unit 8 Abilities 知識清單（預習+復習+知識點鞏固練習）2021-2022學年牛津譯林版八年級英語上冊

8AUnit8Naturaldisasters知識清單一、ComicstripandWelcometotheunit.1.naturaldisasters自然災害2.beallwet (全身)濕透3.wakeup 醒來【wakesb.up動副詞組，代詞放中間】【wake過去式→woke】4.Iwassleepingwhenitstartedtorain.當天開始下雨時，我正在睡覺。5.mopup thewater=mopthewaterup把水拖干【mopitup動副詞組，代詞放中間】【注】mop→過去式：moppedmop→現(xiàn)在分詞：mopping6.losethefinal 輸?shù)袅藳Q賽7.crashintoatree 猛撞到一棵樹上8.thousandsofpeople成千上萬的人【threethousandpeople三千人】9.washawaythevillage 沖走了村莊【washitaway動副詞組，代詞放中間】10.acaraccident 一起小汽車交通事故11.Lightningstartsabigfire閃電引發(fā)了一場大火12.fallfromthetree 從樹上摔下來=dropfromthetree=falloffthetree13.hearaboutthefire聽說這場火災=hearofthefire14.aheavystormwiththunderandlightning帶有雷電的一場風暴15.catchfire=beonfire著火 二、Reading1.anearthquake 一場地震2.feelaslightshake感到一陣輕微的震動3.hearaloudnoiselikethunder 聽到像打雷一樣的大的聲響4.screaminfear 驚恐地尖叫5.runoutofthebuilding從樓房內跑出來6.tryone’sbesttorunout(ofthebuilding) 盡力跑出(大樓)7.Peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown. 當一塊塊的玻璃和磚塊掉下來的時候，人們向四面八方跑去?！铩局攸c】①runinalldirections向四面八方跑②piecesofglassandbricks一塊塊的玻璃和磚塊③falldown 掉下來【fall過去式→fell】8.comedown 坍塌下來9.Icouldnotseeanythingatall.我根本看不到任何東西?！铩緟^(qū)分】①Idon’tliketheteacheratall.我一點也不喜歡這個老師?！緉ot...atall一點也不，根本不=not...abit】②Idon’tliketheteacheralittle.我非常喜歡這個老師。（不是一點點喜歡）【not...alittle非常，很多】③ A：Thankyouverymuch.多謝你了。B：Notatall.不客氣?！綨otatall.含義很多：不用謝；不客氣；沒什么；沒關系等】10.Ididnotknowifanyoneelsewasnearme.我不知道我的附近是否有其它任何人?！铩緟^(qū)分】①if意為“是否”時，引導賓語從句，放在動詞后，從句時態(tài)該用什么時態(tài)就用何種時態(tài)。②if意為“如果”時，引導條件狀語從句，當主句是將來時，從句用一班現(xiàn)在時?！揪淇碱}】:Idon’tknowif(是否)hewillcomebacktomorrow.If(如果)hecomesbacktomorrow,Iwillcallyou.11.betrapped被困住了【被動語態(tài)】12.saytooneself自言自語地說 13.★Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind.一陣恐懼感襲上心頭/掠過我的腦海。【重點】①mind作名詞：精神，心力，智慧;心胸，頭腦，見解，意見等（不可數(shù)）bodyandmind身心；changeone’smind改變某人的想法②mind作動詞：介意、反對等★mindsb./sb’sdoingsth.A:Doyoumindme/mysmokinghere?你介意我在這兒吸煙嗎？B:You’dbetternot.你最好不要在這吸煙。（表示反對）B:Ofcoursenot./certainlynot./Notatall.當然不介意。/一點不介意。 14.ItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.既然我還活著，我告訴我自己要鎮(zhèn)定?！緎ince連詞：既然、由于（引導狀語從句）】★【區(qū)分】①alive【意為：活著的。只能做表語，構成系表結構，不能做定語修飾名詞】Eg:Theystillstayedaliveaftertheearthquake.②living【意為：活著的?？勺霰碚Z，也可做定語修飾名詞】Eg:Mr?Zhang?is?a?living?Lei?Feng?in?our?school.③lively【意為：生動的、活潑的?？勺霰碚Z，也可做定語修飾名詞】Eg:He?told?a?very?lively?story?about?his?life?in?America.?MrYangalwaysmakeshisclasseslively.【形容詞作賓補】15.shoutforhelp 大聲喊救命16.pullmyselfslowlythroughthedark慢慢地移動我自己（的身體）穿過黑暗 17.Therewasenoughspaceformetomove.有足夠的空間供我移動。 18.findone’swayout 找到某人的出路19.hearshoutsfromexcitedpeople 聽到激動的人們的叫聲20.moveawaythebricks 搬走磚塊21.seethebrightdaylight看見明亮的日光22.★【區(qū)】①asleep形容詞：睡著的（只作表語，不作定語修飾名詞）反：awake醒著的Eg:fallasleep（無意識）入睡②sleepy形容詞：想睡的，困倦的（只作表語，不作定語修飾名詞）Eg:feelsleepy感到很困倦23.beatvi./vt.跳動,作節(jié)奏運動【beat過去式→beat】三、Grammar【語法】A.動詞與句子結構（英語中的五種基本句型）。【一】、過去進行時結構：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如：Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?【二】、過去進行時用法：（1）過去進行時主要表示過去某個時刻（時間點）正在進行的動作，常和過去的狀語連用。如：（just）then那時，當時；atthis/thattime在這/那時；atthatmoment=then在那時at3:00yesterdayafternoon在昨天下午三點；（at）thistimeyesterday在昨天這個時候①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點的時候，你在做什么？②IwaswatchingTVathomeat3:00yesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午三點正在家里看電視。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。（2）過去進行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內（時間段）正在進行的動作。常與thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight，lastnight等時間狀語連用。①From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學教書。②Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。③Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那幾天他正在寫一本書。（3）根據(jù)情境或上下文需要使用過去進行時。A:Isawyouinthelibraryyesterdaymorning.Whatwereyoudoingthere?B:IwasreadingabookonDiaoyuIsland.（4）過去進行時常出現(xiàn)在含有when和while引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中.eg.①Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.②MotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.★when和while與過去進行時有著密切的關系，他們作從屬連詞時都有“當…….時候”之意，用法稍有不同：結論※a.when后常跟短動詞（瞬間動詞），有時也可跟長動詞。while后只能接長動詞（延續(xù)性動詞或be動詞）?！鵥.主句和從句兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，長動作用過去進行時，短動作用一般過去時，短動作發(fā)生在長動作進行的過程當中?！鵆.while連接兩個長動作，當兩個動作一長一短時，while(when)放在長動詞的前面，when放在短動詞的前面。（5）過去進行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作，而一般過去時則表示一個完成的動作。也就是說用一般過去時，只表示有過這件事；用過去進行時，則強調動作的連續(xù)性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完）②ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強調過去發(fā)生了這件事）ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視。（強調昨晚看電視這一動作的持續(xù)性）【語法】B.when,while,as用法▲1.when,while,as意義“當……時候”,引導時間狀語從句。①when+短動詞或長動詞②as+短動詞或長動詞③while+長動詞(be動詞也是長動詞）▲2.①while連接兩個長動作，兩個動作同時發(fā)生。（主句和從句都是長動詞，常用進行時）FatherwaswatchingTVwhilemotherwascookingdinner.②as連接兩個同時發(fā)生的短動詞。AndycameintotheroomasMilliesatdownonthesofa.③一個長動作和一個短動作，短動作發(fā)生在長動作過程之中，也就是說，長動作先發(fā)生，短動作后發(fā)生。分兩種情況：A.主句是長動作，從句用when+短動作。IwaswathingTVwhenfathergothome.B.主句是短動作，從句用while/as/when+長動作。Fathergothomewhile/as/whenIwaswatchingTV.▲3.as還有一種特殊用法，用于兩個平行結構。表示：一個主語同時進行兩個動作；一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)的變化而變化.（意為：①一邊做……一邊做……②隨著……）①Hesangasheworked.他邊工作邊唱歌。②Ashegrewolder，hebecamemoreconfident.隨著年齡的增長他變得更加自信?！?.when/while+doingsth.★Jimfoundadeadcatwhenenteringtheroom.★Jimheardaloudshoutwhiledoinghishomeworkatninelastnight.【語法】C.重點短語句型Isawyouandyourmotherstandingonthesideoftheroad.【seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(感官動詞用法)】2.kicktheball踢球3.breakdown 出故障、壞掉【break過去式→broke】4.becauseofthecoldweather 由于寒冷天氣5.ringsomeonetocomeandhelp 打電話叫人來幫忙6.build/makeasnowman 堆雪人7.fallover 摔倒8.makeabigsnowball 滾一個大雪球四、Integratedskills1.getoutassoonaspossible 盡快出去【as...aspossible=as...assb.can盡可能】2.protectyourselffromthicksmoke 保護你自己免受隆煙(之苦)3.staylowtotheground 貼著地面4.Nevergobackintothebuildingonfire決不要返回去進入著火的樓房5.walkthroughthefloodwater在洪水中行走6.follow/obeytrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則7.keepourselvessafefromfires保持我們自己安全遠離火患8.Whatshouldwedoifourbuildingisonfire?【beonfire=catchfire】 如果我們大樓著火了，我們怎么辦?9.useawettoweltocovermymouth用一塊濕毛巾捂住我的嘴【use...todo...=use...fordoing...】=covermymouthwithawettowel10.stayawayfromawindow遠離窗戶11.covertheburnwithacleantowel用一塊干凈的毛巾捂住燒傷的傷口五、Studyskills創(chuàng)造新單詞：將兩個單詞合在一起構成合成詞。直接合成直接合成rail+wayrailwaybook+shopbookshopearth+quakeearthquakeclass+roomclassroompan+cakepancakecountry+sidecountrysidesnow+ballsnowballgentle+mangentlemangrand+daughtergranddaughterhouse+workhouseworkgrand+songrandsonnews+papernewspaperblack+boardblackboardsuper+marketsupermarketnotice+boardnoticeboard公告欄week+dayweekday中間加“-”來合成week+endweekendnorth+eastnorth-easthead+acheheadachepart+timepart-time兼職的★【注】：policeman,fisherman,Englishman,postman等是復合詞，復數(shù)將a改成e.但：Walkman,human,German不是合成詞，復數(shù)在后面加s.六、Task1.shareanumbrellawithsb. 與某人合用一把傘2.astrongwindcamefrombehind一陣強風從背后襲來【此句中為behind為地點副詞】3.thenextmorning 第二天早晨（非明天早晨，特指過去或將來某個時間點的第二天早晨）4.Thesnowkeptfalling.一直下雪【keep+doingsth.】5.hearthenoiseoftraffic聽到車輛的嘈雜聲6.clearthesnowfromthestreet清除街上的積雪 七、書面表達2008年初，我國南方遭遇了50年來最大的雪災。在這場雪災中，政府積極采取措施向災區(qū)提供援助，人們自發(fā)參與，共同抗災。Linda拍攝了一些相關照片，Linda的澳大利亞的筆友Jack想了解一些中國南方的雪災情況。結合所給5幅圖的信息，請你以Linda的名義給Jack寫封e-mail，描述災情和人們抗災的情況。Hi,JackAheavysnowhitmostpartsofSouthChina.Itbroughtpeoplelotsoftrouble.Inourcity______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes,Linda

知識點測試單項選擇（共20小題;每小題1分，計20分）()1.---Haveyouheardabout____bigfireinthetown?---Yes.____accidentalsohappenedthere.A.a,theB.the,aC.the,anD.the,the()2.Samwasreadinganewspaper_______hisbrotherfellontotheground.A.whenB.asC.assoonasD.while()3.Youmustdriveslowlytoday.It’sdangeroustodrivetoofast_________afoggyday.A.inB.atC.onD.of()4.—IsJackinthenextroom?—Well,it'shardtosay.ButIheardhim_____loudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokenD.speaking()5.Thiswashingmachine________．Itneedstoberepaired.A.workedwellB.brokedownC.ranupD.wenton()6.ThesinkingaccidentinKoreahappened____April16,2014and____peoplelosttheirlives.A.in;hundredsB.on;manyhundredsC.on;hundredsofD.at;manyhundredof()7.Tokeepchildrensafe,we________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.mayB.shouldC.canD.might()8.Milliewaswalking________theforestwhileJackwasswimming________theriver.A.across;throughB.across;acrossC.through;acrossD.through;through()9.Atfirst,thewomanfeltaslightshakeherbody.A.fromB.acrossC.throughD.over()10.―Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.―Sorry,Iwithmyparentsatthattime.A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping()11.Weshoulddriveasas.A.careful;possibleB.carefully;possibleC.careful;canD.carefully;can()12.youknowEnglishisimportant,youshouldlearnitwell.A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseofD.Though()13.―WouldyoumindifIturnontheradio?―.Thebabyissleepinginthenextroom.A.No,Idon'tmindB.NotatallC.BetternotD.That'sallright()14.Look!Thedogisstill_______aftertheflood.A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.lived()15.Theflooriswet.Wouldyoulike___________?A.mopupitB.tomopupitC.mopitupD.tomopitup()16.It_______heavily________Ileftschoolyesterday.A.wassnowing;whenB.wassnowing;whileC.snowed;whenD.issnowy;as()17.---Didyouheartheshouts_________theboy?---Yes.WhenI________there,Ifoundtheboylookingatasnake.A.from;gottoB.from;gotC.for;arrivedatD.in;arrived()18.Therewasaheavystorm_______thunderandlightning.Buthehadtogetthere______thedark.A.had;inB.with;throughC.had;throughD.with;on()19.ItwassodarkthatIcouldnotseeif______wasbymyside.

A.someone

B.anyone

C.everyone

D.noone()20.I’mnotsureifhe__________themeetingifhe___________nextweek.A.attends;comesback

B.willattend;comesback

C.willattend;willcomeback

D.attends;willcomeback二、詞匯運用（共20空；每空1分，滿分20分）1.I’velookedformymoney____________(到處),butIstillcan’tfindit.2.Themanlosthislifeinthetraffic_____________(事故).3.OurEnglishteacherdidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseof_____________(頭痛).4.Peoplelookedateachotherin_____________(恐懼).5.Unluckily,ourschoolfootballteam______________(輸?shù)?thefinal.6.It’sdangerousfor