第13講-應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作(外研版2019選擇必修1)(原卷版)

第13講應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作復(fù)習(xí)高一應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作和提前預(yù)習(xí)高二常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用文文體寫(xiě)法掌握常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作策略和寫(xiě)作技巧1.文體形式縱觀歷年高考試卷可以看出，書(shū)面表達(dá)題采用指導(dǎo)性寫(xiě)作或控制性寫(xiě)作結(jié)合開(kāi)放式作文的形式，指導(dǎo)性寫(xiě)作大多通過(guò)提綱、圖畫(huà)、圖表等方式限定內(nèi)容、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、字?jǐn)?shù)、文體等，自由發(fā)揮的空間不大。開(kāi)放式作文通?？勺杂砂l(fā)揮，表明自己獨(dú)特的看法或觀點(diǎn)?！犊荚嚧缶V》把高考英語(yǔ)作文定義為“情景表達(dá)”。情景包括目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫(huà)、圖表、提綱等。從近五年高考書(shū)面表達(dá)考查方式分布表來(lái)看，情景提供形式以提綱為主流，多以書(shū)信形式呈現(xiàn)。書(shū)信是高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中比較常見(jiàn)的考查方式。在文體上,書(shū)信包括商務(wù)信函和私人信函。從內(nèi)容方面說(shuō),書(shū)信包括邀請(qǐng)信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、慰問(wèn)信、介紹信、自薦信、咨詢(xún)信、求助信和求職信等。在格式上有些比較正式,有些則隨意一些。2，題材特點(diǎn)(1)題材貼近學(xué)生生活。(2)突出考查考生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力?，F(xiàn)實(shí)感強(qiáng)，情景逼真，易于動(dòng)筆。考生讀完題以后，覺(jué)得有好多話(huà)可寫(xiě)，具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性。3.解題步驟（1）全面審題、文體格式，主題人稱(chēng)。（2）列好提綱，理順要點(diǎn),添加過(guò)渡，使用高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，提高寫(xiě)作檔次。（3）工整謄寫(xiě)，仔細(xì)檢查。4.寫(xiě)作技巧1.正確性：書(shū)面表達(dá)必須堅(jiān)持正確第一的原則，保證所寫(xiě)句子在語(yǔ)法上、結(jié)構(gòu)上是正確的、得體的，尤其是文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。2.條理性：在確保正確的前提下，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用一些連接詞或連接句，使文章條理清晰。同時(shí)還要學(xué)會(huì)分段，使用三段式。3.多樣性：在確保正確的前提下，要追求句型表達(dá)的多樣性。4.復(fù)雜性：在確保正確的前提下，要追求詞匯詞組及句型的復(fù)雜性。5.規(guī)范性：要用黑色筆答題，不亂涂亂劃，不超出答題區(qū)域，字跡要端正，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不亂用?？键c(diǎn)1：求職信高級(jí)表達(dá)1.applyfor申請(qǐng)2.holdanimportantpositionin…在…占據(jù)重要位置3.beadmittedinto…被…錄取4.e-mailsb.at…按…地址給某人發(fā)電子郵件5.inaddition此外6.experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的promising有希望的7.sincemygraduation/graduatingfrom自從我從…畢業(yè)以來(lái)8.beaccepted被接受9.reach/realize/accomplishone’sdream/aim/goal實(shí)現(xiàn)理想/目標(biāo)例1．【翻譯】e.g.Tomusedtoholdanimportantpositioninthiscompany._____________________________________________________________e.g.Pleasee-mailmeatRedstarhotel@._____________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)2：求助信1.challenge挑戰(zhàn)2.facing面臨（常置于句首作狀語(yǔ)）3.facedwith面臨（常置于句首作狀語(yǔ)）4.begsb.todosth.懇求某人做某事5.begsb.ofsth.懇求某人提供某物e.g.CanIbegyouofyourhelp?6.begsb.forsth.向某人懇求某物7.average一般的8.followone’sadvice采納某人的建議9.makeprogress取得進(jìn)步10.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困難11.havetroubleindoingsth.做某事很費(fèi)力12.taketroubletodosth.費(fèi)力地做某事e.g.Iusuallytaketroubletounderstandthetext.13.helpsb.outofdifficulty幫助某人擺脫困境14.wouldlikesb.todosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事例2．【翻譯】e.g.Facingsomuchpressure,shedidn’tknowwhattodo.e.g.Facedwithsomuchpressure,shecouldhardlystandit.e.g.I’llfollowyouradviceandtrytodomyworkwell.e.g.I’msurewithyourhelpI’llmakegreaterprogressinmyEnglishstudy.e.g.IhavemuchdifficultyinmyEnglishstudy.考點(diǎn)3：調(diào)查報(bào)告1.makeup占e.g.Thesmokersmakeuphalfofthetotalnumberoftheparedwith和…相比e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.3.increase上升decrease下降4.goup上升dropdown下降e.g.Recentlythetemperatureherehasbeengoingup.5.aquarterof四分之一threequartersof四分之三e.g.Aquarterofthevillagershavegrownrichonsellingvegetables.6.…timesas…as…是…的…倍7.…timeshigher/longerthan…比…高/長(zhǎng)…倍e.g.Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.8.takeplace發(fā)生9.takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌e.g.Now,thetowntakesanewlook.10.asmany/high/longas+數(shù)詞多/高/長(zhǎng)達(dá)…e.g.Asmanyastenstudentsarelatetoday.11.moreorless大約12.withthedevelopmentof隨著…的發(fā)展例3【翻譯】e.g.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,thistownwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.e.g.Therearesixtystudentsmoreorlessinthisclass.e.g.Thenumberofthestudentswhooftenplaycomputergamesisincreasing.e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.e.g.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydidlastyear.e.g.Inrecentyearsgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.考點(diǎn)4：人物介紹1.bereadytodosth.樂(lè)意做某事e.g.Iknowthatsheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.fasionable時(shí)尚的humorous幽默的gentle文雅的3.suchis這就是（用于對(duì)人物介紹作總結(jié)）e.g.SuchisourEnglishteacher,akindandhardworkingman.4.beelectedamodel…被選為模范e.g.Hismotherisoftenelectedamodelworker.5.bedeeplyrespectedandloved深受人們尊敬和愛(ài)戴6.wingreathonorfor…為…贏得巨大榮譽(yù)7.break/keeptherecordof…打破/保持…紀(jì)錄8.setanewrecord創(chuàng)造新紀(jì)錄例4【翻譯】*Asyoucanimagine,itisverydifficulttolearnmath.Istayedatherhomeforaweek,duringwhichtimeIdiscussedmanyproblemwithher.ThisisthegirlwithoutwhomIcouldn’thavewonthebigprize.ThisistheboywithwhosesisterIhavealreadyworkedfortenyears.我和他姐姐已經(jīng)一起工作了10年?？键c(diǎn)5：地點(diǎn)介紹1.lieinthecenterof位于…的中心2.suchas諸如3.lieintheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的東/西/南/北部4.lie(to)/ontheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的東/西/南/北邊[兩地(不)接壤]5.coveronareaof覆蓋…的面積e.g.Ourcitycoversanareaof10000squarekilometers.6.haveapopulationof有…人口7.behigh/richin含有豐富的…e.g.Thissmallcountryishigh/richinnaturalresources.8.a…withgreenhillsandbeautifulriverseg.Thisisavillagewithgreenhillsandbeautifulrivers.9.befamous/well-knownfor因…出名eg.Asweallknow,HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.例5【單句填空】*Solongasyougetthereintime,youcanseehim.只要你及時(shí)趕到那里，你就能看到他。IputabookmarkwhereIhadaquestion.我在有問(wèn)題的地方放了一張書(shū)簽。Ourschoollieswherethereusedtobeachurch.過(guò)去在我們學(xué)校所在的地方有一座教堂?？键c(diǎn)6：邀請(qǐng)信邀請(qǐng)信（校園活動(dòng)）文章的基本框架：這類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)的一般寫(xiě)作格式為：1.Beginning____問(wèn)候，自我介紹；寫(xiě)作背景，寫(xiě)作目的____Point1____時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)（表達(dá)法）2.BodyPoint2________活動(dòng)安排Point3_________歡迎他表演節(jié)目或活動(dòng)目的_________3.Ending____希望，感謝（問(wèn)候），期待Step2教學(xué)過(guò)程話(huà)題詞匯(漢譯英）1．___________________邀請(qǐng)2．___________________裁判，評(píng)委3．___________________節(jié)日4．___________________比賽5．___________________日程表6.___________________安排7.___________________舉辦8.___________________目的9.___________________參加10.___________________表演11.___________________活動(dòng)12.___________________期待13.__________________希望14.___________________主題15.___________________考慮16.___________________感激話(huà)題句式（英譯漢）【邀請(qǐng)信審題分析-寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)歸納】第一段：?jiǎn)柡?（自我介紹）+背景信息+寫(xiě)作目的問(wèn)候：Howareyoudoing?/Howiseverythinggoing?/Howisitgoing?背景信息：1.從句引出（I’mdelightedtotellyou…）直接表達(dá)：Ourschoolwillholda/an…/Ourclassplantovisit…寫(xiě)作目的：I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus./Iwouldinviteyoutojoinus.第二段：主干要點(diǎn)（活動(dòng)介紹+拓展句）拓展的范圍：活動(dòng)安排：活動(dòng)名稱(chēng)、活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、參加人員、活動(dòng)的作用或目等活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)：…willbeheldin/on/at…活動(dòng)時(shí)間：…willstartat/bescheduledtostartat/on…/this/next/lastSunday活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：therewillbevariousactivities/performances(suchas)…somefamousartistswilloffersomecourseson…Ourheadmasterwilldeliveraspeechon…參加人員：Alltheteachersandstudentswillattend.活動(dòng)作用或目的：aimto/inorderto/notonly…butalso第三段:邀請(qǐng)+期待答復(fù)希望參加或邀請(qǐng)Isincerelyhopeyouwilltakethechance.Isincerelyexpectyoutocome.IhopeyouwillacceptmyinvitationandIbelieveyouwillhaveagreattimethere.期待答復(fù)Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.例6【寫(xiě)作模板】Dear___________,Howiseverythinggoing?I’m_______fromChina.I'mmorethandelightedtoinformyouthat___________________willhold_______________.SoI'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,__________________willstart_______________________.Afterthat,therewillbevariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedandexcellentpeople.Besides,_________________________,whichwillhelpyou_____________.Iamsureyouwillhaveareallygoodtimethere.Idohopethatyoucanjoinus.Pleasefeelfreetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.I'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua升級(jí)模板：Dear_______, Knowingyouarefascinatedby_________

（非謂語(yǔ)解釋說(shuō)明背景）,Iamextremelydelightedtoinviteyouto_________

（邀請(qǐng)事宜）.Herearesomedetailsconcerningit. Asscheduled,the_______

(活動(dòng))willbein_______

(地點(diǎn))on________(舉辦日期),whichwilllastfor__________(定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明持續(xù)時(shí)間).

Duringtheexhibition,awiderangeofactivitieswillbeheld,enablingyoutohaveabetterunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.

Tobeginwith,itwillprovideyouwithaplatformto________(具體活動(dòng)1).

Additionally,whatyouwillalsoenjoyis________

（具體活動(dòng)2）.I’mconfidentthatyouwillhaveawonderfultime. Isincerelyhopethatyoucanattendthe_______

(活動(dòng)).Pleaseconfirmyourpresenceatyourearliestconvenience.Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.Yours,LiHua考點(diǎn)7：演講稿1．___________________環(huán)境2．___________________平衡3．___________________污染4．___________________能源5．___________________重復(fù)使用6.___________________缺少7.___________________供應(yīng)不足8.___________________節(jié)水習(xí)慣9.__________________自然資源10.___________________災(zāi)難11.___________________生態(tài)系統(tǒng)12.___________________瀕危的13.__________________可回收的14.___________________職責(zé)15.___________________關(guān)注16.___________________意識(shí)例7【單句填空】Hi,everyone/Ladiesandgentlemen!自我介紹；②；③；④；⑤舉措二；⑥舉措三；⑦舉措四。I'm自我介紹.It'smygreathonortobehereto表示榮幸并引出話(huà)題.Asweallknow,分析問(wèn)題，展開(kāi)論述.Therefore,it'shightimewedidsomethingaboutit.Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,isto舉措一.Secondly,newmethodsneedtobe舉措二.Thirdly,wemust舉措三.Lastbutnotleast,it'severyone'sresponsibilityto舉措四.That'sall.Thankyou.（全國(guó)卷3）假定你是李華，你校將舉辦音樂(lè)節(jié)。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)封郵件邀請(qǐng)你的英國(guó)朋友Allen參加，內(nèi)容包括：時(shí)間；活動(dòng)安排歡迎他表演節(jié)目注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（全國(guó)卷1）假定你是李華，暑假在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)，得知當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國(guó)畫(huà)展。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封信申請(qǐng)做志愿者，內(nèi)容包括：1．寫(xiě)信目的：2．個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)：3．能做的事情。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________假定你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)外教Henry一起參觀中國(guó)剪紙（paper-cutting）藝術(shù)展。請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.展覽時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；2.展覽內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）假如你叫李華，學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)主席。為迎接3月21日世界森林日（WorldForestDay）的到來(lái)，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇演講稿，號(hào)召全校師生保護(hù)地球森林資源