一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向18 被動語態(tài)（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向18被動語態(tài)Whenwater________,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).A．isheated B．heating C．hasheated D．heats被動語態(tài)考向一：被動語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?考向二：被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過去時主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語寫的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時主語+willbe+過去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項工作什么時候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因為我的車正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進(jìn)行時主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個個大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過那個村莊時，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時主語+hadbeen+過去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強行進(jìn)過這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動詞過去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣?？枷蛉罕粍诱Z態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道或者不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者Howisthiswordpronounced?這個單詞怎么發(fā)音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.這本書是2005年出版的。強調(diào)動作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我們村將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作的執(zhí)行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.喬要做這個報告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動詞習(xí)慣上常用被動語態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.據(jù)報道，他是來自新西蘭的一位教授?？枷蛩模褐鲃诱Z態(tài)變被動語態(tài)說明例句含有單個賓語的主動句，即＂主語+謂語動詞+賓語＂：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，并依據(jù)上表（被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式）謂語改為被動形式；如果需要說明動作的發(fā)出者，則需加上＂by+主動句的主語（人稱代詞賓格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。直接賓語＂：當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時，可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z，而另一個保持不動。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，即＂主語+賓語+賓語補足語＂：把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓補保持不動(成為主語補足語，簡稱主補)。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我們叫他李華。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他們把房間刷成了白色?！疽族e警示】感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓補，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要在動詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.剛才他們看見她進(jìn)入了會議室。含有動詞短語（作謂語）的主動句：謂語為及物動詞短語的主動句方可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機會?！疽族e警示】動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，把它們看作一個整體變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉?？枷蛭澹褐鲃有问奖硎颈粍右饬x情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂聽起來不錯。Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了?！局R拓展】常見的被動形式表示主動意義的詞組：beseated坐著，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著被動語態(tài)記憶口訣被動語態(tài)強調(diào)＂賓＂，用be加上＂過去分＂。＂be＂要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。＂行為對象＂作主語，邏輯主語＂by＂來引。原句若是雙賓語，一變＂主＂來一保＂賓＂。＂間賓＂要把主語變，原來＂直賓＂還是＂賓＂。＂直賓＂要把主語變，＂間賓＂前加＂to＂最稱心。唯有原＂賓＂是＂復(fù)合＂，只有變賓要當(dāng)心。原句＂賓補＂變＂主補＂，位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動詞變＂被動＂，情態(tài)加be加過分。如若＂情態(tài)＂后帶to，變后有to才弄準(zhǔn)。＂短語動詞＂變＂被動＂，相當(dāng)＂及物＂莫疑心。不過其后＂介＂或＂副＂，變后還得要承認(rèn)。1．3000yearsago,thefirstdiamondwas________byashepherdinIndiaandnowadaysdiamondsarethesymbolofloveandpurity.A．doubted B．divided C．decided D．discovered2．AftertheChinesespacecraft’slandingonMars________onMay16,2021,wefeltevenprouderofourcountry.A．a(chǎn)nnounces B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．wereannounced D．wasannounced3．—Mom,Ineedmoretimetoprepareformyfinalexam.—Then,dear,someofyourafter-schoolactivities________.A．shouldcancel B．canceled C．shouldbecanceled4．Thephysicistsproposethatourattention________theuseofspecialmethodsofthinkingandacting.A．wouldbedirectedtowards B．bedirectedtowardsC．isdirectedtowards D．directtowards5．—Thisclothbagistooold.Iwanttothrowitaway.—Idon’tthinkit’sagoodidea.Tosaveenergy,it________aslongaspossible!A．willuse B．shouldbeused C．used D．wasused6．—Haveyoutastedzongzi,akindoftraditionalChinesericedumplings?—Sure.It’ssaidthatalotofzongzi________atthefoodfactorytwentydaysago.A．a(chǎn)remade B．weremade C．made7．DidyouseethefilmNomadland(《無依之地》)?It________byaChinesedirectorcalledZhaoTing.A．hasmade B．wasmade C．hadmade D．isbeingmade8．—Schoolsmustpaymoreattentiontoartsfromnowon!—Certainly.From2022,thestudents________inareaslikemusicandart.A．willtest B．willbetest C．willbetested D．test9．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooksandhalfofthem________inthe1990s.A．published B．willpublish C．werepublished D．willbepublished10．Someofthestudents________theirhomeworkformorethanfourhourseveryday,sotheycanhardlyhaveanytimetodosports.A．a(chǎn)remadedo B．a(chǎn)remadetodo C．madedo11．AtriptoMars_________inthefuturemissions（任務(wù)）oftheLongMarch5rocket.A．willbeincluded B．isincluding C．wasincluded D．included12．Ihearthatchildreninthisplace________inlocalprimaryschools,buttheirsecondaryeducationisathome.A．educate B．educated C．willeducate D．a(chǎn)reeducated13．Ox(牛)isasymbolofhardworkinChineseculture,thespiritofoxis________inapoembyLuXun：“Headbowed,likeawillingoxwhoservespeople.”A．produced B．reflected C．discussed D．studied14．一Students________afewwhyandhowquestionsinMr.Zhang’sclass,didyounoticethat?—Yes,Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.A．a(chǎn)reasked B．wereasked C．havebeenasked D．shouldbeasked15．HeadmasterZhangGuimei________asthe“RoleModel（楷模）oftheTimes”becauseofhergreateffortstosendmanygirlstouniversities.A．honors B．honored C．washonored16．Inancienttime,workerswereforced______forlittlemoney,andtheyevencouldn’tsupporttheirfamily.A．towork B．work C．working D．withworking17．Printingwasdeveloped________theSongdynastyinChinaandit________AsianandEuropeancountrieslateron.A．in;wasspreadto B．in;spreadtoC．on;