一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向29 短文填空（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向29短文填空（2021·浙江寧波市·中考真題）mean,helpful,tooth,without,wisemean,helpful,tooth,without,wiseDoyouknowthatweareusinguptheEarth’sfreshwaterfasterthanwecanreplaceit?Weneedwatertostayaliveandifwedon’tusewater1,wewillrunout!Waterisneededforjustabouteverythingwedo.Weneedittofarm,towash,toprovidepower,tocontrolfiresand-mostimportantly-todrink.2water,wewouldalldie.Soweshouldallsavewaterifwewanttohaveenoughtostayalive.Usinglesswater3savingmoneyandsavingenergy.SavingwaterisEASY.Herearesome4tips:*Haveshortershowersandonlyhalffillthebath.*Turnthetapoffwhileyousoapyourhandsorbrushyour5.*Fixanytapsorhoses（軟管）thatdrip-everydropcounts!自由填空把語法知識測試全部放在語篇中進行，旨在考查考生在語篇中綜合運用語言知識的能力。它不但要求考生有扎實的詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識和對句型結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活運用能力，而且還要求考生有良好的語感和一定的閱讀理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中難度最大的，這種題目因題型的開放性和綜合性而備受關(guān)注。試題特點是一篇短文挖空8—10個單詞，且沒有任何提示，讓考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容自由填詞，難度較大，主觀性較強，有時可能出現(xiàn)多種答案。滿分技巧 1.解題步驟：（1）快速瀏覽，了解大意。對于簡單把握的空，可以先填出來；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根據(jù)上下文及空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系，填出正確的詞以及正確的形式；（3）通讀全文，檢查確認。特別要注意，根據(jù)文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前綴。無提示詞的空格一般需要填入冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）等虛詞。（1）名詞前面一般用冠詞、代詞或介詞等。（2）如果需要填入代詞，就要考慮到是人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞的變化、指示代詞的用法；（3）并列的兩個或多個單詞，短語，或句子之間設(shè)空，一般填入并列連詞and,but,or等；（4）兩句之間，如果不是并列句，則很可能是主從句，因此需要填入從屬連詞（what,which,who,how,when等）?；蛘呤琴e語從句，定語從句或者是狀語從句的連接詞。這種空格需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析到底是什么從句，從而選擇合適的從屬連詞。首字母填空首字母填空是根據(jù)句意和已給出的首字母，在句子的空白處填上適當?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整，語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學(xué)生對句子的理解和運用能力。滿分技巧 1.跳過空格，不看選項，快速地閱讀全文，從整體上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨?？焖匍喿x時寧粗勿細，切忌只盯住一個句子倉促解題，這樣勢必因胸無全局而誤入歧途?？焖匍喿x時，還要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能，抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填詞的正確形式。如短文難度較大，尤其是難于選詞時，從本句的前后觀察中一時尚不得要領(lǐng)，就要進一步擴大到上下文中分析。3.三讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。可從上下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。選詞填空選詞填空是指把一篇文章的關(guān)鍵詞語挖空，詞序打亂，讓學(xué)生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的詞語填空。此類題型主要是要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上，通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞，補全短文。滿分技巧 短文填詞答題技巧口訣空前空后要注意，名詞單復(fù)要牢記。要有’s不能棄。動詞注意要變形，＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。形、副注意要用三級，副詞用法要謹記。要用數(shù)詞請留意，千萬別忘＂基＂和＂序＂。填入代詞需慎重，五格變化記心中。雜糅型短文填空雜糅型短文填空是指文章中有多種提示類型，如英語單詞、漢語意思、音標或者不給提示詞等。這種題型主要考查考生的整體閱讀能力、語言知識的運用能力、邏輯思維能力和書面表達能力，特別是單詞和短語的拼寫能力。提示詞填空此類短文填空題一般會給出漢語意思或英文單詞。做此類短文填空題時，要準確理解語意，根據(jù)文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)確定應(yīng)填詞的詞性和詞形。不可簡單地都填原形詞。若空格內(nèi)填的是名詞，要考慮其單復(fù)數(shù)形式；若填的是形容詞或副詞，則要考慮其是否屬于比較等級；如若填的是動詞，則要特別注意考慮其時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如在句首，還要考慮其首字母的大寫。A一、圖文填空看圖短文填空。TodayisMarch19th.Andthistermisthelastbutthemostimportanttermofjuniorhighschool.Itmeansthatthereareonlyaboutthree1leftforustostudyatthisschool.Wesuddenlyfeelthattimepassesso2.Westillrememberthe3daywecametothisfamousmiddleschool,butnow,twoandahalfyearshavepassed.Haveyoueverlookedbackandthoughtwhatyoudidandlearntinthetwoandahalfyearsatyourschool?Andhowmuchyouhavelearnt4teachers,booksorinanyotherways?Toaskyourselves,haveyouever5time?Ifyousay“never”,that’sverygood.Butifyousay“Yes,often”,itissoregretful.Buteverythinghaspassedanyhow,wecan’tgetitback,sotheonlythingwecandoisto6gooduseoftime.Fromnowon,studyhard.It’snotsolatethateverythingcan’tbechangedyet.Everythingispossibleifyoutryyourbesttodoit.Believethat“everymanhashisvalue”.Maybeyouaregoodatstudy,youaregoodatsinging7youdowellindrawing.SoIalwaysbelievein8.It’sveryimportant,Ithink.Let’s9ourbestandputourheartintoit.Wishyougoodresultsin10lastexam.B二、短文綜合填空閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式（每空不多于3個單詞）。ThisisnoAprilFool’sjoke.StudentsfromtheSanDiegoJewishAcademyintheUSbroketheGuinnessWorldRecordwhenthey11(manage)tomakemorethan800sandwichesinthreeminutes12hadbeen490.Butthe550studentsfromdifferentgradesbrokethatrecord13making868sandwichesintheschoolgym.Studentsfound52tableswaitingfor14(they)intheschoolgym,eachwithpiecesofbread,lettuce,tomatoesandAmericancheese.Forty-fiveparent15(volunteer)wereonhandtohelp.Anoteoneachtabletoldthestudentswhat16(put)ineachsandwich—twopiecesofcheese,onepieceoftomatoandonepieceoflettuce.Thegym’sscoreboardwassetatthreeminutes.Asthetimestarted,thestudents17(quick)madetheirsandwiches.Withintwominutes,almostallofthestudentswavedtheirhandstoshowthattheyhadfinished.Thesandwiches18(give)tothehomelessandpoorpeoplearoundAlphaSquare.Thestudentslearned19lessonabouthelpingtheircommunity.“Thesekindsofexperiencesnotonlybringtogetherourschoolcommunity,20helpstudentslearnthateveryonecanmakeasandwichtohelpthoseinneed,”saidschoolmasterChaimHeller.A三、短文語境提示填空閱讀下面短文，并借助上下文補充所缺信息。每個空只能填寫一個形式正確、意義相符的單詞。Sallywantedtobuyhermotherabirthdaypresent.Butshedidn’t21whattobuy.Andshehadonlyonedaytobuyhermothersomething.Thatmorning,whenshewentwindow-shopping,shesawapetstoreontheleftsideoftheroad.Shethoughtto22,“Mymotherlivesalone.Shemustbevery23andsheneedsapet.”Sallywentintothestoreandsawmanywonderful24there,suchaspuppydogs,cutecats,andgoldfish.Butshedidn’tthinkthosewere25enough.Sheaskedthemanager.26hehadapetthatwasreallyspecial.Themanagerthought27amomentandreplied,“Yes,butitneeds28lotofmoney,$5,000.”Themanageradded,“Ihaveaparrotthatcan29sevenlanguages-Chinese,English,French,Korean,German,RussianandevenHindi!”“Perfect!”Sallysaidand30thebird.Shemaileditbyspecialdeliverytohermother,sothatshewouldgetitthenextday.Thenexteveningafterwork,Sallycalledhermotherandasked,“Howdoyoulikeyourbirthdaypresent?”Hermotherreplied,“Thankyou.It’sdelicious!”B四、短文漢語提示填空閱讀下面短文，然后根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式（每空一詞）。ZhangGuimeihasbeenhonoredwithtitle“RoleModeloftheTime”.Shewasbornin1957inHeilongjiangProvince,whichliesinthe31(東北)ofChina.In1974,17-year-oldZhangGuimeicametoYunnanwithhersister.In1975,shegota32(工作)inthelocalplace.LatersheenteredLijiangTeachersCollege.After33(完成)hercollegeeducation,sheworkedasateacherinthecityofDali.Zhangfeltsadwhenshesawsomeofthegirlsgiveup34(高級的)highschooleducation.Inorderto35(支持)theirfamilies,thesegirlscamebacktotheirhometownstoworkinthe36(田野)ordopart-timework.Theirparentskeptthemathome37(代替)ofsendingthemtofurtherschooling.Facedwithsuchasituation,shedecidedtosetupa38(免費的)schoolforpoorgirls.Zhanghasworkedfortheschoolformorethan20years.Sheseemstohavenothing:nofamily,nokids,nosavingsandnohouse.However,thechildrenarevery39(感激的)toher,andtheycallher“Mom”.Everyyearshe40(鼓勵)girlstostudyhardertogetintogooduniversitiesthroughthecollegeentranceexam,knownasthegaokao.Shealsotellsthemthatlifeismorethanjustthegaokao.C五、短文首字母填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當?shù)脑~使短文完整。（每空一詞）WhiteFangbeganhuntingforhisownfood,buthewasnotgoodathuntingyet.Hes41neededfoodfromhismother.Oneday,hismotherb42homealynxkitten.Hewaseating