Unit 3 Sea Exploration 單元高頻詞匯和語法專題講練

Lecture3選擇性必修四Unit3單元重點(diǎn)詞匯和語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講練單元重點(diǎn)單詞及其詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和固定搭配merchantn.商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運(yùn)的→merchandisevt.推銷→merchandisern.商人；跟單員extendvt.擴(kuò)展；使伸長；延長→extensionn.延伸；擴(kuò)展→extensiveadj.廣闊的；大量的→extendedadj.延長了的；擴(kuò)展了的；詳盡的extendedfamily（除核心家庭成員之外的）大家庭expandvt.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；詳述→expansionn.擴(kuò)大；膨脹→expansiveadj.廣闊的；擴(kuò)張的→expandedadj.擴(kuò)充的；展開的；（材料）多孔的，泡沫的negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成（協(xié)議）vi.談判；協(xié)商→negotiationn.談判；協(xié)商；轉(zhuǎn)讓negotiableadj.可協(xié)商的，可轉(zhuǎn)讓的→negotiatedadj.商談的；談判的negotiatedprice議價(jià)價(jià)格negotiatewithsb.about/on/forsth.關(guān)于/為了某事與某人談判spicen.(調(diào)味)香科→spicyadj.辛辣的withdrawvt./vi.（使）撤回；撤離;取款→withdrawaln.收回；撤回；停止；取款depositv.放下；存放；支付n.存款politicsn.政治；政治學(xué)→politicaladj.政治的；政客的→politicallyadv.政治上→politiciann.政客，善于玩弄權(quán)術(shù)者→policyn.政策professionn.職業(yè)；行業(yè)=occupation→professionaladj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的→professionalismn.專業(yè)主義→professorn.教授；（美）講師=lecturern.（英）講師mixturen.混合；混合物；結(jié)合體→mixv.（使）混合n.混合體mixwith與混合在一起 mixup混淆；困惑coveragen.新聞報(bào)道；覆蓋范圍→coverv.覆蓋；保險(xiǎn)；包括；報(bào)道；掩護(hù)；包庇n.封面；蓋子；被子，床單applaudv.鼓掌；vt.稱贊；贊賞→applausen.掌聲；喝彩applaudsb.forsth.因某事贊賞某人thunderousapplause雷鳴般的掌聲mannedadj.有人控制的；人工操縱的→manlessadj.無人的；卑鄙的；殘忍的migrationn.遷移；遷徙；移居→migratev.遷移；遷徙；移居→immigrantn.外來移民→emigrantn.移居外國的人；移民migratefrom...to...從到遷移murdervt.謀殺；毀壞n.謀殺；兇殺→murderern.謀殺犯；兇手exploitvt.開發(fā)；利用；剝削→exploitationn.開發(fā)；剝削；利用mercyn.仁慈；寬?。欢骰荨鷐ercifuladj.寬大仁慈的；帶來幸運(yùn)的；給人解脫的→mercifullyadv.仁慈地→mercilessadj.殘忍的；無慈悲心的→mercilesslyadv.殘忍地havemercyonsb.憐憫；寬恕某人showmercyto/for對某人表示憐憫bemercifuladj.行好，做善事bemercifulinwriting筆下留情possessionn.擁有；控制；個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)（常復(fù)）→possessvt.擁有；具有→possessiveadj.占有欲強(qiáng)的；自私的；（語法）所有格的takepossessionof占有，控制；成為所有者；承擔(dān)責(zé)任inpossessionof擁有，占有opponentn.反對者；對手；競爭者→opposev.反抗；競爭→opposedadj.反對的→oppositionn.反對，反抗→oppositeadj.相反的；對面的n.對立的人或物；對立面adv.在對面prep.在對面beopposedto反對；不支持arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止beunderarrest被逮捕bearrestedfor因被逮捕logvt.記錄n.日志；原木login/on登錄；進(jìn)入logout/off登出；退出sleeplikealog睡得很熟（睡眠深沉，不易被外界干擾）單元重點(diǎn)短語setsail起航；開航setup建立；設(shè)立；安裝；籌備setouttodo開始做某事=setaboutdoingsetaside把放一邊；不理會(huì)；取消；留出inaleagueofone'sown獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷 besecondtonone無人能及的；首屈一指withdrawfrom退出；撤回inhand在手頭；可供使用=athandbyhand用手，手工ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面，另一方面handinhand手拉手handin提交handover交出handon傳遞leadtosth.導(dǎo)致asighttobehold/see值得一看的景象/奇景reachout伸出手；提供援助reachout(to)向某人提供幫助；試圖引起某人的興趣；主動(dòng)提供幫助fromascientificpointofview從科學(xué)的角度來說/看單元重點(diǎn)語法-動(dòng)詞不定式專題復(fù)習(xí)講練動(dòng)詞不定式的形式肯定式todoTellthechildrentoeathealthyfood.否定式nottodoTellthechildrennottoeatunhealthyfood.【注】動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，在句中不能用作謂語;其形式不隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)而變化。動(dòng)詞不定式可以有自己的賓語和邏輯主語等。Iwanttobuyacomputer.It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能成分用法例句主語1)位于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.2)常用it作形式主語，把不定式放在后面常見句型:It's+adj.+of/for+sb.+todosth.[形容詞是描述人的性格和品質(zhì)方面時(shí)，用of;形容詞用于描述不定式動(dòng)作時(shí)，用for]Itisa/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)+todosth.Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.It'sextremelykindofyoutocomeandmeetme.It'sdangerousforyoutodrivesofast.It’smydutytosavepatients表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語Herjobistocleanthehall.=Tocleanthehallisherjob.賓語1)作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，如want,refuse,forget,afford,try,choose,agree,help,hope,decide等Tomcan'taffordtobuyacaratpresent.2)在find,think后作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式后移IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.賓補(bǔ)1)tell,ask,allow,wouldlike,encourage,advise,remind等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.2)一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel),二聽(hear,listen),三讓(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但被動(dòng)要還原toIsawhimcrosstheroad.Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.定語1)不定式作定語一般放在被修飾詞的后面Onthefarmeveryonehaslotsofworktodo.2)不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面須加上相應(yīng)的介詞Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Iwantapentowritewith.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3)不定式修飾不定代詞something,anything等時(shí)，放在它們的后面，如果不定代詞也被形容詞修飾，詞序是“不定代詞+形容詞+不定式”Ihadsomethingcoldtodrink.狀語表目的Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.表結(jié)果Thepolicemensearchedthehouseonlytofindnothing.表原因Theywereverysadtohearthenews.獨(dú)立成分這種不定式獨(dú)立與句子之外，表示說話者的態(tài)度、語氣等,如tobehonest,tobeginwith等Totellyouthetruth,wedon’twanttoincludeyou.動(dòng)詞不定式的常見搭配1)疑問詞+不定式可以作主、賓、表等，相當(dāng)于名詞性從句，因此常用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)把復(fù)合句改為簡單句Wheretogoisstillaquestion.Theproblemiswheretofindhim.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.2)too+adj.+todo太……而不能……Heistooyoungtogotoschool.3)adj./adv.+enoughtodo足夠…做…Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的省略用法1)在“一感(feel),二聽(hear,listen),三讓(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),半幫助(help)”后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略to，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，必須帶to。Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.=Hewasseentogointotheroomjustnow.Thebossmademyfriendsworkthewholenight.=Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.2)wouldrather(not)dothando;hadbetter(not)dowewouldratherstayathomethangooutforawalkonsuchacoldnight.Wehadbettertakesomewarmclothes.3)whynotdo;can’tbutdoWhynothavearest?Ican’tbutwalktoschool.4)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式加to，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式省略toIwanttovisithimandaskforsomehelp.動(dòng)詞不定式專題練習(xí)-用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子Shewasmade__________________(complete)alotofworkbecausesheneededmoney.__________________(make)someofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthow__________________(spend)timewithfriends,family,work,play,etc.Theflowers__________________(smell)sweetattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature,whichweregrowninthebotanicgardenlastyear.Shepretended__________________(know)mewhenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademeupset.Therearesomestudentspretending__________________(learn)whattheyreallydon'tunderstand,whichisreallyharmfultothem.Howevergoodanadvertisementis,peopleareunlikely__________________(persuade)tobuytheproductifitisunsuitableforthem.Workingfromhomemakesitpossible__________________(have)aflexiblelifestyle—youcanchoosewhentoworkandwhentorest.Withalotofdifficultproblems__________________(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Thetwotravelerscarefullyplantheirtrips,schedulingtheirdaysaroundthepetsthataresometimesdifficult__________________(please).So,it'sbeenuseful__________________(know)how__________________(cover)upholesandrepaintaroom__________________(avoid)anychargeswhenI'vemovedout.動(dòng)詞不定式專題練習(xí)-用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子他說的話對我來說太復(fù)雜，無法理解。(understand)Whathesaidwas_______________________________________________________.當(dāng)被邀請的外賓進(jìn)人教室時(shí)，所有學(xué)生站起來熱情地歡迎他。(greet)Whentheinvitedforeignguestenteredtheclassroom,allofthestudents_____________________________________________________________________.當(dāng)你學(xué)游泳時(shí)，首先你最好讓你的身體適應(yīng)水溫。(let)Whenlearningtoswim,firstlyyou'dbetter_______________________________________watertemperature.正是那些甘愿奉獻(xiàn)而不求索取的人才值得被尊重。(respect)Itisthosewhoarewillingtogiveratherthanreceivethat______________________________.我本來打算昨晚完成工作的，但我感覺不太舒服。(mean)I_______________________________________lastnight,butIdidn'tfeelverywell. 為了潤色你的文章，你可以使用更多的修辭手法，比如隱喻。(polish)___________________________________________,youcanusemorefiguresofspeechsuchasmetaphors.人的生命被視為自然的一部分，我們生存的唯一途徑就是與自然和諧相處。(harmony)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureandtheonlywayforustosurviveis________________________________________________________.盡管我們已經(jīng)取得了很多成就，仍然有很多需要反思和處理的。(reflecton)Whilewehaveachievedmanyachievements,_________________________________________.昨天我去看她，卻得知她一周前出國了。(learn)YesterdayIwenttoseeher, __________________________________________aweekbefore.何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議有待于進(jìn)一步討論。(hold)__________________________________________________remainstobediscussedfurther.動(dòng)詞不定式專題練習(xí)-語法填空A篇______________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGarden(留園)ofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis(2)______________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature(小型的).FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockery(假山)tosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroves(樹林)wereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbeastonished(3)______________(find)thegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed(4)______________(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.B篇Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.(1)______________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)______________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.Sinceittakesaboutanhour(3)______________(turn)thefull360degrees,youareunlikely(4)______________(get)boredwiththescenery.Ifyouwant(5)______________(enjoy)themostwonderfulviews,yourbestbetis(6)______________(sit)bythewindowanhourbeforesunsetandwatchhowtheskychangescolours.Theatmosphereislivelyandmodern,withitswalls(7)______________(paint)whiteandlightblue.SkyBuffetservesamenufullofeye-catchingAsiandishes,(8)______________(range)fromChinesefoodtoJapanesefood.Itwillbeagoodidea(9)______________(invite)yourfamilyandfriendsoverfordinner.SkyBuffetisconsideredbymanylocals(10)______________(be)theperfectlocationforaspecialoccasion.單元語法填空專題練習(xí)CoralreefsarebeingplantedinthedeepseabedaroundHainanProvince,afamoustouristdestinationinChina,aspartofefforts1.________________(protect)themaritimeenvironmentandpromotegreendevelopment.Coralreefscoverabout2percentoftheareaoftheseafloorandprovidehabitatsforabout25percentof2.________________(creature).Thereisnodoubtthattheymake3.______________bigdifferencetostabilizingtheecologyoftheocean,accordingtoexperts.Theyworkas4.________________(extreme)naturalbarrierstoweakentheimpactofwavescrashingontheshore.However,survivalofcoralreefshasbeenchallengeddue5.________________changesinthemaritimeenvironment.In2019,theHainanSouthChinaSeaInstituteofTropicalOcean6.________________(initiate)aprogramtoplantmillionsofcoralreefsthroughprofessionalbreedingtechnology."It'slike7.________________(grow)treesunderthesea,"saidChenHong,directoroftheinstitute."Thoughtheygrowslowly,theseedlingsno8.________________(big)thanfingernailsmaybecomecoralreefs9.________________sizecanoutgoseveralsoccerfields."Inrecentyears,theteam10.________________(plant)over200,000coralreefs.Thatquantityhasbrokenthenationalrecordofcoralreefstransplantationforamountandthesurvivalrate.單元寫作練習(xí)假定你是某國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生李華，請寫一封倡議書給你校學(xué)生，呼吁大家保護(hù)海洋。內(nèi)容包括:1.海洋的作用；2.你的建議。假定你是某國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生李華，請寫一封倡議書給你校學(xué)生，呼吁大家保護(hù)海洋。內(nèi)容包括:1.海洋的作用；2.你的建議。Dearfellowstudents,_____________