專題28-上海高考完形填空命題剖析及解題方略(原題版)(上海專用)

?專題28上海高考完形填空命題剖析及解題方略_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【考情鏈接】上海高考英語完形填空不僅考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力，而且考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解能力。歷年完形填空選材科學(xué)，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主題明顯，但文章閱讀難易度指數(shù)(Readability)一般較大，區(qū)分度高，是歷年高考得分率較低的題型之一。備選項(xiàng)以實(shí)詞為主，涉及名、動(dòng)、形、副四類詞，有時(shí)亦會(huì)考察邏輯銜接詞或短語，突出詞匯等選項(xiàng)在語境及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境下的最優(yōu)匹配。命題主要思路：語義優(yōu)先于語法原則；上下文語境分析原則?！疽c(diǎn)梳理】考向一：[句內(nèi)層次題]1．利用句內(nèi)語法結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)?yīng)成分分析法解題完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個(gè)成分之間形成一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。[示例]Apupilwhocandohishomeworkinaquietand59roomisinamuchbetterpositionthanapupilwhodoeshishomeworkinasmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon.A.furnished B.expensive C.comfortable D.suitable利用句內(nèi)詞匯線索暗示分析法解題解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對(duì)于此類題目，可邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原。正確答案必須有邏輯銜接關(guān)系或上下文等提示依據(jù)，如并列（同義詞、近義詞）、轉(zhuǎn)折（反義詞）、遞進(jìn)等。例：Anotherimportanterrorismixed-abilityteaching,orteachinginabilitygroupso_____58_____thatthemostablepupilsare(heldback)andareboredwhiletheleastablearelostand_____69_____bored.Strangelyenough,fewheadteachersseemtobeinfavorofmixed-abilityschoolfootballteams.A.wide B.similar C.separate D.unique60.A.surprisingly B.individually C.equally D.hardly[示例]Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).A.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonable3.利用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題完形填空中經(jīng)常會(huì)考查一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)、固定句式，這時(shí)就需要運(yùn)用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)來解題。這個(gè)技巧主要指慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。[示例]KatherineEllison,aPulitzerPrize-winninginvestigativejournalistsaysshedidn’tunderstandwhyhersonbehavedlikethat,andadmits,herbehaviorwasalso(58)__________thesituation.58.AcontributingtoB.composedofC.resultingfromD.givingriseto[示例]Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).A.asaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontrary4.利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題在做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。[示例]Hehadspentthoseyearswell,graduatingfromcollege,completingtwointernships(實(shí)習(xí))inWashington,D.C,and____________,becomingatechnicalassistantinSacramento.A.hopefully

B.finallyC.particularly

D.certainly用語境暗示分析法解題上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。[示例]Thecyberschoolwas___37___asafreeoptionforstudentsinkindergartenthroughgrade8whohavetroublesucceedinginthedistrict’s___38___publicschool.38.A.virtual B.superior C.traditional D.specialized考向二：[句組層次題]比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級(jí)的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。1．利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確的答案。[示例].........andeachbranchhasanofficethathandlestheserequests.Otherbranchesofthegovernment(12)________requeststousepublicspacesandbuildings,suchasmonumentsorparks.A.address B.introduce C.receive D.propose利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題在完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案或根據(jù)作者對(duì)人物或事情的褒貶性排除干擾做出正確的選擇。[示例]MorethanfivemillionAmericanchildrenandteenshavebeendiagnosedwithattentionDeficit/hyperactivityDisorder,aconditionthatmakesitdifficult-ifnot(51)__________tofocusandcompletethetasks.51、A．impossibleB,acceptableClikelyD.interesting3．利用邏輯關(guān)系解題在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。完形填空中的每一個(gè)空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關(guān)系，若在解題時(shí)忽視這一點(diǎn)，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關(guān)系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對(duì)照、遞進(jìn)、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設(shè)置選項(xiàng)，因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)就應(yīng)該分清并牢記相關(guān)連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關(guān)系。[示例]Thecity___63__thiswithmodernstructuressuchasman-madereservoirs.Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution,___64___.Overathousandyearsago,indigenouspeopledevelopedanotherwaytosolvewaterproblems.64. A.furthermore B.however C.therefore D.moreover[示例]AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhythefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole—suchaschild-centeredlearning,the“discovery”method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils—therehavebeenseveralserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.55.A.Dueto B.Inadditionto C.Insteadof D.Inspiteof[示例]AIisalreadyrevolutionizingourlives.Butthoughcomputerscanassistus,theyarenotlikeus.Ourhealthofexperiencegivesuscreativity—butitalsomakesusvulnerabletoaccumulating.Consciousandunconsciousbiases(偏見).___23___,AIsystemstodayreceivetheir“training”usingveryspecificcollectionsofrelevantdata.A.Forexample B.Incontrast C.Asaresult D.Inaddition[示例]Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment.56,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.56.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.InsteadD.Therefore[示例]TheUnitedStatesdoesnothaveagovernmentofficethatregulatesthefilmindustry.Government,(1)_________,doeslinkwiththemoviebusinessinseveralways.A.therefore B.moreover C.however D.otherwise4．利用語境暗示分析法解題在句組層次中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。[示例]Exerciseisonewaytofeelstrongandpowerful.Anotherwaytogainconfidenceistoworkonyour___34___insomethinglikechess,music,computers,orwriting.34.A.researches B.studies C.skills D.exercises考向三：【語篇層次題】語篇層次題要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。這類題難度較大，一篇完形填空中，大約有2～3道此類題。不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合思維再做判定。語篇層次題的解答必須立足于整個(gè)語篇，因此在解題時(shí)對(duì)這類題目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，順藤摸瓜，仔細(xì)比對(duì)，最終得出答案。具體來說，可以利用以下3種方法解答此類題目。利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題由于完形填空的文章是一個(gè)意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，它往往要圍繞一個(gè)話題論述，因此行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代或同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，即某一詞常常以原詞、同義詞或近義詞以及其它形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的語用意義使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整和有機(jī)的意義整體。根據(jù)這一原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來決定答案。[示例]Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50.Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51.inotherwordsrevising.AndrewLloydWebber'smusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.50.A.techniqueB.styleC.processD.career利用總分結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)Ρ冉Y(jié)構(gòu)分析法解題完形填空往往采用總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)，總述是對(duì)分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對(duì)總述的展開和詳述，兩者之間有著明確的相互支撐、相互印證的對(duì)照關(guān)系?？偡謱?duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)常把兩種對(duì)立的事物或同一事物的兩個(gè)不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ?。高考完形填空題常常利用句子之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系或者同一個(gè)句子的不同部分之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系設(shè)計(jì)題目。對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。[示例]Nolimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’t__58__.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew__59__.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,__60__,youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).Now__61__thistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecember,oreveryMondayinJanuary.Besomeoneelse!Lookatthesituationfroma__62__pointofview.Goodbusinessmenusethistechniqueintrade,andsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe__63__intheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:Whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan’tshegetit?Whatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__64__.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!A.workB.lastC.existD.changeA.privateB.globalC.differentD.practical利用邏輯關(guān)系解題在語篇層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系也是一種重要解題方法。完形填空中的每一個(gè)空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關(guān)系，若在解題時(shí)忽視這一點(diǎn)，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關(guān)系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對(duì)照、遞進(jìn)、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設(shè)置選項(xiàng)，因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)就應(yīng)該分清并牢記相關(guān)連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關(guān)系。此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語，二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。[示例]Thosewhomost___49___enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelicpersonality”—aqualitytoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.Whilethosewithoutsuchapersonalitysee___50___,autotelicindividualsseeopportunitiestobuildskills.Autotelicindividualsarereceptive,opentonewchallengesandalsopersistent.Suchpeople,withanabilitytofocusontasksratherthan___51___,haveagreatadvantageoverothersindevelopingtheirinbornabilities.___52___,forthoseofuswhoaren’tnecessarilyblessedwithanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbepromotedbyenvironmentalfactors.Inparticular,thelearningframework___53___byMontessorischoolsseemstoencourageflowstates.A.Unexpectedly B.Occasionally C.Traditionally D.Fortunately_____真題操真題操練2022年1月上海高考英語真題Artificiallysweeteneddietdrinksmakenodifferencetoweightgainandshouldnotbeseenashealthierthantheirsugar-ladencounterparts,accordingtoateamofexperts,Areviewofresearchevidenceconcludesthereisnothingtosupportclaimsthatsugarfreeversionsofpopularsoftdrinkscanhelp(4l)_______obesityandrelateddiseasessuchasType2diabetes.Industrysponsoredstudiesreporting"favourable"associationsbetweendietdrinksandweightlossmaybebiased,itclaims.Therehavebeenconcernsthatdietdrinks,knownasartificiallysweetenedbeverages(ASBs),mightleadpeopletoconsumemorecaloriesby(42)________sweetflavourtastebuds.Thenewstudyfoundthatevidence(43)_________thehealthinessofASBswasinconclusivewithrandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)producingmixedresults.SenorinvestigatorProfessorChristopherMillettsaid:"Acommonperception,whichmaybeinfluencedbyindustrymarketing,isthatbecause‘diet’drinkshavenosugar,theymustbehealthierandaidweightlosswhenusedasa(n)(44)forfullsugarversionsHowever,wefoundnosolidevidencetosupportthisTheresearcherspointedoutthatresearchsupportedbyfoodorbeveragecompanieswasmorelikelytofindnoevidenceoflinksbetweensugarydrink(45)_________andobesitythannon-industrysponsoredresearch.Similarly,ASBindustry-sponsoredresearchwas"morelikelytoreportfavourableresultsand(46)________regardingASBeffectsonweightcontrol”Inmanycases.researchershadfailedtodisclose(47)__________ofinterestrelatingtolinkswiththefoodindustry.itwasclaimed.CoauthorDrMarinCarolinaBorgessaid:“ThelackofsolidevidenceonthehealtheffectsofASBsandthepotentialinfluenceofbiasfromindustryfundedstudiesshouldbetakenseriouslywhendiscussingwhetherASBsare(48)__________alternativestoSSBs(sugar-sweetenedbeverages)."LeadingBritishnutritionistProfessorSusanJebbsaiddespitethemixedevidence,therewasnoreasontobelievethatreplacingsugarydrinkswithartificiallysweetened(49)________didanyharmShesaid,“Forpeopleseekingtomanagetheirweight,tapwateris(50)__________thebestdrinktochoose,forhealthandtheenvironment,butfarmanypeoplewhoareusedtodrinkingsugarydrinks,thiswillbeloohardachangeto(51)_________.Artificiallysweeteneddrinksareastepinthe(52)__________directiontocutcalories."DietitianProfessorTomSanders,wasalsocriticaloftheresearch,callingit“anopinionpieceratherthana(n)(53)___________reviewoftheevidence”.He(54)____________“Theconclusionthatreducedsugarorsugar-freedrinksshouldnotbepromotedorseenaspartofahealthydietseemsunwarrantedandlikelytoaddtopublic(55)_____________.”A.relieve B.oppose C.prevent D.botherA.inserting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.securingA.resultingfrom B.referringto C.dependingon D.relatingtoA.Substitute B.proposal C.suspect D.implicationA.Efficiency B.consumption C.distribution D.modernizationA.appointments B.instructions C.performances D.conclusions47.A.threats B.matters C.conflicts D.appeals48.A.adequate B.essential C.available D.deliberate49.Ainitiatives B.alternatives C.objectives D.representatives50.A.withoutquestion B.beyonddescriptionC.aroundthecorner D.inconsequence51.A.settle B.route C.mend D.makeA.wrong B.right C.proper D.opposite53.A.democratic B.automatic C.systematic D.dramatic54.A.transferred B.rangedC.accessed D.added55.A.fascination B.ambition C.confusion D.Isolation2016年上海高考英語真題Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權(quán))hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterdelayeringinthisway,acompanymaybe__61___withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike52.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme53.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise54.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above55.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging56.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply57.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression58.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male59.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing60.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating61.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared62.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally63.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure64.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene65.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractiveness_____好題必好題必測(cè)（2022·上海中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Mostformsofconventionaladvertising—print,radioandbroadcasttelevision—havebeenlosinggroundtoonlineadsforyears;onlybillboards,datingbacktothe1800s,andTVadsareholdingtheirown.Suchout-of-homeadvertising,asitisknown,isexpectedto____41____by3.4%in2022,anddigitalout-of-home(DOOH)advertising,whichincludestheLCDscreensfoundinairportsandshoppingmalls,by16%.Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphonesandcannotbeskippedor____42____,unlikeadsonline.Billboardownersarealso____43____thelocationdatathatarepouringoffpeople’ssmartphones.Informationabouttheirowners’locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups—“businesstravellers”,say—walkbytheirads.That____44____isaddedtoinsightsintotraffic,weatherandotherexternaldatatoproducehighlyrelevantads.DOOH____45____candeliveradsforcoffeewhenitiscoldandiceddrinkswhenitiswarm.Such____46____worksparticularlywellwhenitisaccompaniedby“programmatic”advertisingmethods,atermthatdescribestheuseofdatatoautomateandimproveads.InthepastyearbillboardownerssuchasClearChannelandjcDecauxhave____47____programmaticplatformswhichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselect,purchaseandplaceadsinminutes,ratherthandaysorweeks.Itissaidthatoutdooradswillincreasinglybeboughtlikeonlineones,basedonaudienceandviewsaswellas____48____.Thatispossiblebecausebillboardownersclaimtobeableto____49____howwelltheiradsareworking,eventhoughno“click-through”ratesareinvolved.Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.Advertiserscanestimatehowmanyindividuals____50____toanadforahandbagthengoontovisitanearbyshop(orwebsite)andbuytheproduct.Suchmetricsmakeoutdooradsmore____51____-driven,automatedandmeasurable,arguesMichaelProvenzano,co-founderofVistarMedia,anad-techfirminNewYork.However,theoutdoor-adrevolutionisnot____52____-free.Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.And____53____oftheonline-adbusinessforbeingvague,andoccasionallydishonest,mayalsobetargetedattheOOHbusinessasitbecomesbiggerandmorecomplex.Theindustryisreadyto____54____suchconcerns,saysJean-ChristopheConti,chiefexecutiveofVIOOH,amedia-buyingplatform.Oneofthe____55____offollowingtheonline-adpioneers,henotes,islearningfromtheirmistakes.A．shrink B．grow C．disappear D．emergeA．obtained B．blocked C．separated D．a(chǎn)rrangedA．makingprogressin B．gettingengagedin C．becomingpartof D．takingadvantageofA．value B．record C．knowledge D．feelingA．opponents B．providers C．learners D．instructorsA．a(chǎn)dding B．collecting C．targeting D．producingA．changed B．forbidden C．cleared D．launchedA．marketing B．evolution C．location D．brandingA．measure B．wonder C．notice D．forgetA．devoted B．opposed C．related D．exposedA．concept B．data C．customer D．researchA．stress B．conflict C．injury D．problemA．a(chǎn)spects B．demands C．criticisms D．detailsA．a(chǎn)ddress B．share C．reflect D．emphasizeA．benefits B．difficulties C．challenges D．conditions（2022·上海復(fù)旦附中統(tǒng)考一模）Thehumanmemoryisphenomenallystrong.Italsohasahabitofgettingthingsbadlywrong.AccordingtoJonathanHancock,ourmemoryexpert,faultymemoriescanbe___41___revealing.Justlastweek,___42___,mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwe’dchosenouryoungestson’sname.Ihada___43___memoryofuswritingoutalistofpossiblenames,butstoppingafterjustafewbecausewe’dspottedonewebothloved.Mywife___44___.Inhermemory,we’dhadamuchlongerlist,andgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist.Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwe’dused-andfoundthatwe’dactuallydonesomethingcompletely___45___tochooseNate’sname.Memorymistakeshappenonalargerscale,too.The“MandelaEffect”is