第03講 選擇性必修三~選擇性必修四詞匯（練習(xí)）（解析版）-2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測（新教材新高考）

第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.【答案】hasbeenimproving【解析】考查謂語動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：由于張家界長期以來一直在改善其交通和服務(wù)，該市現(xiàn)在每天可以接待36200名游客。所給動詞improve在since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語forlong，并結(jié)合主句時態(tài)可知，該空應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，主語Zhangjiajie為單數(shù)名詞，助動詞應(yīng)使用單三形式。故填hasbeenimproving。2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.【答案】influential【解析】考查形容詞。句意：改革開放以來，中國的影響力越來越大。提示詞作表語，用形容influential構(gòu)成比較級，表明主語的性質(zhì)和屬性，意為“有影響力的”。故填influential。3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名詞。句意：巴金在很小的時候就因?qū)懽鞫@得認(rèn)可，今天他仍然被公認(rèn)為中國最偉大的作家之一。根據(jù)句意及英文提示可知，此處使用名詞recognition“承認(rèn)”，作gained的賓語。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.【答案】(should)berestored【解析】考查虛擬語氣和被動語態(tài)。句意：聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)世界遺產(chǎn)中心為了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促對其進行修復(fù)?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞，表示建議、要求或命令的動詞urge/advise/suggest/command/demand,etc.其后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用(should)+動詞原形，should可以省略，從句主語someculturalrelics與restore之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填(should)berestored。5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).【答案】respectively【解析】考查副詞。句意：俳句是一種日本詩歌，有三行格式，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)。由句意空處應(yīng)填副詞形式，作狀語，修飾containing。故填respectively。6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.【答案】perseverance【解析】考查名詞。句意：是員工的決心和毅力幫助這家公司實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)并最終取得了成功?？仗幒兔~resolution并列作強調(diào)句的主語，應(yīng)用名詞形式perseverance，perseverance為不可數(shù)名詞，故填perseverance。7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容詞。句意：在許多國家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭證明他或她有罪之前，他或她被視為無罪。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填形容詞innocent“無罪的”在句中作主語補足語。故填innocent。8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.【答案】racial【解析】考查形容詞。句意：他是種族偏見的受害者。修飾名詞prejudice，需用形容詞racial，作定語。故填racial。9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.【答案】updated【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們將在那里安排記者，為你提供整整一周的有關(guān)風(fēng)暴的最新消息。設(shè)空處作賓語補足語，賓語you與動詞update“給……提供最新信息”之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，設(shè)空處填過去分詞updated。故填updated。10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.【答案】Havingnailed【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：把兩個架子釘在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一會兒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作狀語，nail與邏輯主語she之間為主動關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在謂語動詞wiped之前，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即havingnailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大寫。故填Havingnailed。11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.【答案】hadbeenadjusted【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：廚師說菜單已經(jīng)調(diào)整以適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖?。這就是為什么越來越多的顧客涌入餐館?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞，由句意及That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant可知themenu與adjust之間為被動關(guān)系且動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填hadbeenadjusted。12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.【答案】wrapped【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：外面真的很冷，但葉忒羅裹著溫暖的毯子呆在家里，喝著熱巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處是非謂語動詞，固定短語bewrappedin表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethro邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用wrap的過去分詞形式，和drinking并列，作方式狀語，說明謂語行為發(fā)生的方式。故填wrapped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他挨家挨戶地尋找能夠幫忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填動詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。故填tofind。14．Onlyinretrospect(回顧)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：只有回顧時，不加評判地欣賞一部電影，伴隨著分享的喜悅，這種價值對我來說才變得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒裝，已有謂語動詞，空處是非謂語動詞，accompany“伴隨”和thevalueofappreciatingamovie邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用accompany的過去分詞形式，作定語。故填accompanied。15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查動名詞。句意：要想真正擅長某件事，一個人需要花費至少10000個小時的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)。固定短語spendtime(in)doingsth：花費時間做某事，故填studying。題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.【答案】based【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：以該研究為基礎(chǔ)的報告隨后發(fā)布。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，base“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，動詞，和report之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，故填based。17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))aftershewassentencedtoprison.【答案】adopted【解析】考查過去分詞。句意：她被判入獄后，被迫讓人收養(yǎng)了她的孩子。根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”應(yīng)為adopt，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“have+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，herbaby與adopt之間為被動關(guān)系，所以此處使用過去分詞形式。故填adopted。18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.【答案】Appointed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：被任命為公司經(jīng)理，這個年輕人感到很興奮?！叭蚊庇脛釉~appoint，與邏輯主語theyoungman之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填A(yù)ppointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(榮幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.【答案】privileged【解析】考查形容詞。句意：首先，如果您能根據(jù)我們的英語口語水平給我們配對，而不是隨意配對，我們會感到很榮幸。根據(jù)漢語提示“榮幸”可知，此處為形容詞privileged，作表語。故填privileged。20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(驚慌)bythenews.【答案】panicked【解析】考查動詞。句意：她很體貼，走過去安慰那個被消息嚇壞的女孩。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞panic，與girl構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填panicked。21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被鎖在)intheroom.【答案】locked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)他清醒過來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在房間里了?！氨绘i在”作賓語補足語，用動詞lock，與其邏輯主語himself之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動。故填locked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(詳盡的)reviewofthecase.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容詞。句意：為了查明真相，警察們必須對這個案件進行詳盡的審查?！霸敱M的”修飾名詞review，用形容詞thorough作定語。故填thorough。23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.【答案】assigned【解析】考查動詞。句意：上周，老師布置了一篇關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的作文給他們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動詞，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“布置”應(yīng)為assign，根據(jù)時間狀語lastweek可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時，且與主語theteacher之間為主動關(guān)系，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)為assigned。故填assigned。24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.【答案】discipline【解析】考查名詞。句意：一個人必須表現(xiàn)出一定的自律才能達到改變的目標(biāo)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作賓語，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“自制力”應(yīng)為discipline，且為不可數(shù)名詞。故填discipline。25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.【答案】realistic【解析】考查形容詞。句意：有一些非常逼真的歐洲繪畫作品在展出。根據(jù)漢語提示和空后的paintingsofEurope可知，這里應(yīng)用形容詞realistic，作定語。故填realistic。題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要說明了每日攝入過量蛋白質(zhì)將導(dǎo)致心臟病、中風(fēng)等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白質(zhì)攝入量。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.(BettinaMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代謝》雜志上發(fā)表的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然增加每日卡路里攝入量中蛋白質(zhì)的比例是有益的，但攝入過多的蛋白質(zhì)不僅不會促進瘦肌肉的發(fā)育，還會對健康造成意想不到的負(fù)面影響。)”可知，攝入過度蛋白質(zhì)對身體健康不利。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.(由此導(dǎo)致的動脈硬化是心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的主要危險因素。)”可推知，心臟病和中風(fēng)直接的原因是動脈硬化。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.(對于一個正常的成年人來說，每餐20至30克蛋白質(zhì)，或每天60至90克蛋白質(zhì)足以維持健康。)”可知，為了健康，成年人需要攝入適當(dāng)量（20-30克）的蛋白質(zhì)。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.(該研究將人體試驗與小鼠和細(xì)胞試驗結(jié)合起來。)”可知，該研究結(jié)合了人類的實驗、和老鼠、細(xì)胞中的結(jié)論。整個研究相對科學(xué)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。選A。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”5．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs. B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect. D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inparagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.8．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters’impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹海獺的恢復(fù)歷程及其對沿海沼澤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的積極影響，強調(diào)了頂級捕食者在維持生態(tài)平衡中的重要作用。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.(埃爾克霍恩沼澤是蒙特利灣的一個沿海沼澤，已經(jīng)遭受了嚴(yán)重的破壞。根本原因是岸邊蟹的數(shù)量不斷增加，它們以沼澤植物為食，削弱了棲息地的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。)”可知，海獺的消失導(dǎo)致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D項。6．詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.(通過以螃蟹為食，水獺幫助了植物的再生。)”說明水獺通過以螃蟹為食，可以幫助植物的再生，從而推知劃線詞句“Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.(他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)很明確：在有海獺的地區(qū)，螃蟹的數(shù)量明顯下降。這導(dǎo)致了植物生長的resurgence，反過來又穩(wěn)定了土壤，降低了土壤被沖走的速度。)”其中劃線詞應(yīng)為“復(fù)蘇”的意思，與D項同義。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,’saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.‘Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.’(科學(xué)家LekeliaJenkins說：‘我的真實反應(yīng)是，這可能會成為文學(xué)經(jīng)典?！嘎?，沼澤恢復(fù)也通過減少洪水來幫助人們?！蝗恢g，海獺從我們喜歡的可愛動物變成了可以保護我們生計和財產(chǎn)的動物?！?”可知，作者引用LekeliaJenkins的話是為了展示海獺對人類的實際益處，如減少洪水災(zāi)害等。故選C項。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.(隨著海獺數(shù)量的持續(xù)恢復(fù)，它們對沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的積極影響可能會增加。它不僅展示了海獺作為一個關(guān)鍵物種——一個對自然環(huán)境有重大影響的物種——而且突出了頂級捕食者在維護生態(tài)和諧方面的本質(zhì))”可知，文章通過展示海獺對沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的積極影響，傳達了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間相互聯(lián)系的信息。故選B項。題型二完形填空詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2024·河北·一模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecouldbesorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’tfullyrealizemy3D-printing10.Iamstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButI’vealsolearnedthatifoneapproachisn’tworking,sometimesit’sbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I’mthankfulthatwiththehelpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．a(chǎn)nnually10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．a(chǎn)ssociation11．A．setoff B．speakout C．holdon D．stepback12．A．local B．a(chǎn)cademic C．final D．new13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．A5．B6．D7．C8．B9．A10．C11．D12．B13．C14．A215．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者在癌癥研究工作中意識到每日產(chǎn)生大量廢物的問題，并試圖通過3D打印實驗室工具來回收利用部分廢物。盡管初期項目進展不順利，但團隊成員共同努力，采取了諸如增加分類回收箱、制定節(jié)能規(guī)則等措施減少環(huán)境足跡。作者還鼓勵科學(xué)家們要保護好地球，不要因為科學(xué)研究對地球造成傷害。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著研究全面展開，我們的廢棄物產(chǎn)量大幅增加。A.returned返回；B.declined下降；C.stabilized穩(wěn)定；D.rocketed迅速上升的。根據(jù)上文“Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity”下文“Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.”可知，作者的研究工作也會產(chǎn)生廢棄物，隨著他們研究工作全面展開，他們工作產(chǎn)生的廢棄物會迅速上升。故選D。2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我去找導(dǎo)師并提出了用我們的一些廢棄物創(chuàng)造3D打印的實驗室工具的想法。A.creating創(chuàng)造；B.buying購買；C.borrowing借用；D.renting出租。根據(jù)空后“3D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste”以及“Isecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment”可知，作者覺得研究中產(chǎn)生的廢棄物太多，所以他找導(dǎo)師建議用這些廢棄物來創(chuàng)造3D打印的實驗室工具。故選A。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她鼓勵了我，然后我成功獲得了購買回收設(shè)備的資金。A.suspected懷疑；B.criticized批評；C.encouraged鼓勵；D.comforted安慰。根據(jù)句中“Isecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment”可知，作者的導(dǎo)師同意了他的建議，并鼓勵了他，讓他成功獲得了購買回收設(shè)備的資金。故選C。4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是經(jīng)過了幾個月的努力，該項目并沒有按照我想象的方式進行，進展緩慢。A.struggle努力；B.discussion討論；C.training訓(xùn)練；D.confusion混亂。根據(jù)句中“theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly”可知，雖然作者努力了幾個月，但是這個項目并沒有像他想象的那樣進展順利。故選A。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以當(dāng)同事們集思廣益提出其他減少我們環(huán)境足跡的方法時，這無疑是一個讓人松一口氣的事。A.source來源；B.relief(焦慮、痛苦等的)減輕；C.target目標(biāo)；D.success成功。根據(jù)下文“whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6”可知，作者的方法并沒有起作用，所以當(dāng)同事們提出其他的方法時，作者感到松了一口氣?！皉elief”表示在困境中得到幫助或找到新方法的輕松感。故選B。6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以當(dāng)同事們集思廣益提出其他減少我們環(huán)境足跡的方法時，這無疑是一個讓人松一口氣的事。A.distribution分布；B.option選項；C.phase階段；D.footprint腳印。根據(jù)上文“Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste”可知，同事們也提出一些減少環(huán)境足跡的方法?！癴ootprint”在此指的是我們研究活動對環(huán)境造成的影響。故選D。7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們成立了一個小組，力推更加綠色的方式來運作實驗室。A.cure治愈；B.defend保衛(wèi)；C.operate操作；D.negotiate談判。根據(jù)下文“Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.”可知，作者的團隊成立了一個小組，來改進實驗室操作方式以減少對環(huán)境的影響。故選C。8．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來幾個月，我們在每個實驗室都引入了新的回收箱以便我們的塑料廢棄物能夠被正確地分類。A.commented評論；B.introduced引入；C.moved移動；D.knocked敲。根據(jù)空后“newrecyclingbinstoeachlab”可知，作者的團隊以更加綠色的方式來改進實驗室的操作，所以他們是引入了新的回收箱。故選B。9．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來幾個月，我們在每個實驗室都引入了新的回收箱以便我們的塑料廢棄物能夠被正確地分類。A.properly正確的；B.typically通常地；C.naturally自然地；D.annually每年地。根據(jù)上文“we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlab”可知，作者的實驗室引入了新的回收箱，為了能夠正確的給塑料廢棄物分類。故選A。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至今仍感到失望的是，我未能完全實現(xiàn)我的3D打印設(shè)想。A.recipe配方；B.prevention預(yù)防；C.vision想象；D.association協(xié)會。根據(jù)上文“Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的設(shè)想并沒有實現(xiàn)，所以他感到非常的失望。故選C。11．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：但也認(rèn)識到，如果一種方法行不通，有時候最好后退一步，尋找其它解決方案。A.setoff出發(fā)；B.speakout說出；C.holdon繼續(xù)；D.stepback后退一步。根據(jù)下文“andlookforothersolutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他覺得有時候需要后退一步，尋找新的方法。故選D。12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激，在周圍學(xué)術(shù)社區(qū)的幫助下，我們能夠做到這一點。A.local本地的；B.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；C.final最終的；D.new新的。根據(jù)上文“I’mthankful”可知，作者能夠做到這些是因為其他的學(xué)術(shù)社區(qū)幫助了他?！癮cademiccommunity”指的是科研領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的同行和團隊。故選B。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我鼓勵各地的科學(xué)家們都去思考如何減少自己研究的環(huán)境影響。A.fundamental基礎(chǔ)的；B.historical歷史的；C.environmental環(huán)境的；D.financial財政的。根據(jù)上文的“whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6”可知，作者鼓勵科學(xué)家們要思考如何減少自己的研究對環(huán)境的影響。故選C。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：畢竟，如果我們最終沒有一個可以稱為家園的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的星球，那么我們的科學(xué)又有什么意義呢？A.significance意義；B.possibility可能性；C.fortune財富；D.depth深度。根據(jù)下文“if,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome”可知，作者覺得如果地球遭到了破壞，那么科學(xué)研究就沒有意義了。故選A。15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：畢竟，如果我們最終沒有一個可以稱為家園的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的星球，那么我們的科學(xué)又有什么意義呢？A.broad寬的；B.supportive支持的；C.different不同的；D.particular尤其的。根據(jù)全文語境可知，如果地球遭到了破壞，不再是一個能支持生命存在、適合人類居住的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的星球，那么科學(xué)研究也沒有了意義。此處的“supportiveplanet”指能支持生命存在、適合人類居住的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的星球。故選B。（2024年浙江卷1月閱讀理解A篇）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹由馬克·吐溫的作品所改編的音樂劇《湯姆·索亞：河上歷險記》?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.(本劇由喬·麥克多諾改編，大衛(wèi)·基索作曲。)”可知，本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名創(chuàng)意與表演藝術(shù)學(xué)校的10年級學(xué)生，是辛辛那提舞臺上的?？汀Ｋ莾和瘎≡旱拿餍茄輪T，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角，也是新澤西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成員。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞臺上的?？?，兒童劇院的明星演員，曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角；根據(jù)第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSewyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年級學(xué)生。他是《湯姆·休厄》首演時的演員，也是兒童劇院的?？?，演出了五場。)”可知，McMath也是兒童劇院的?？?；綜合以上信息可知，這兩位演員在舞臺上經(jīng)驗豐富。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.(給老師們的提示：兒童劇院有一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示了如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。如欲下載課程，請訪問兒童劇院官方網(wǎng)站。)”可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了一份學(xué)習(xí)指南，展示如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)，可通過兒童劇院的網(wǎng)站下載課程；由此可知，兒童劇院為教師提供了教育資源。故選D項。（2022·新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckint