徐州專版2020中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案第二篇語法專題突破專題14復(fù)合句課件

專題（十四）復(fù)合句第二篇

語法專題突破Clause1

賓語從句考點(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法例句that如果賓語從句是陳述句,常用that引導(dǎo),that本身無意義,只起連接作用,口語中可省略Theradiosays(that)itwillraintomorrow.收音機(jī)說明天要下雨。if,whether如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來,用if或whether引導(dǎo),在句中意為“是否”Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。who,whose,which,when,where,why,how如果賓語從句由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來,應(yīng)用連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)Couldyoutellmewhathesaidtoyou?你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎?（續(xù)表）[注意]

下列幾種情況,賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞通常用whether：(1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí),往往用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherornothehascomeback.我不知道他是否已經(jīng)回來了。(2)在介詞后面只能用whether,不能用if。Thisdependsuponwhetherwearedeterminedtodoit.這要看我們是否有決心去做。(3)和動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí),只能用whether,不能用if。Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.他不知道是否要留下來。(4)在及物動(dòng)詞discuss后的賓語從句中,只能用whether,不能用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.我們討論了是否應(yīng)該對(duì)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行變動(dòng)?？键c(diǎn)二

語序無論主句是什么語序,在賓語從句中,除了引導(dǎo)詞放在從句的句首外,要用陳述語序,即“主語+謂語+……”。但是,當(dāng)連接代詞本身在賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí),則要保持原來的語序,即“連接代詞+謂語+……”。TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslatethismorning.老師問我今天早晨為什么遲到了。Idon'tknowwhoistherichestofthem.(who在賓語從句中作主語)我不知道他們中誰最富有?？键c(diǎn)三

時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)在一定程度上受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的制約,這種現(xiàn)象被稱為前后時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)有以下幾種情況：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況可用各種時(shí)態(tài)。DoyouknowwhohewastalkingwithateightlastSunday?你知道上周日八點(diǎn)他正在和誰談話嗎?2.主句是一般過去時(shí),從句也應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Theteacherwantedtoknowifherstudentshadfinishedtheirhomework.這位老師想知道她的學(xué)生是否已完成了家庭作業(yè)。3.當(dāng)賓語從句是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Shesaidthesunrisesintheeast.她說太陽從東方升起。Ididn'tknowyoulikeclassicalmusic.我過去不知道你喜歡古典音樂?？键c(diǎn)四

賓語從句的簡化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時(shí),賓語從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon'tknowwhattosay.我不知道要說什么。Clause2

狀語從句

狀語從句的考查點(diǎn)主要集中在引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞和狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)等方面。狀語從句分為地點(diǎn)狀語從句、時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和方式狀語從句?，F(xiàn)歸納如下:類型連詞例句地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,whereverCrossthestreamwhereitistheshallowest.

從最淺的地方過河。We'llgowhereveryousay.你說的任何地方我們都去。時(shí)間狀語從句when,while,after,before,since,till,until,as,assoonas,whenever,eversinceI'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.

我一到上海就給你打電話。Iwaitedtill/untilhecameback.我一直等到他回來。I'lltellhimwhenhecomes.

當(dāng)他來的時(shí)候,我將告訴他。Wheneverwe'reintrouble,they'llhelpus.無論何時(shí)我們有麻煩,他們都會(huì)幫助我們。（續(xù)表）原因狀語從句as,because,since,nowthatSusandidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseshewasill.蘇珊昨天沒來上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×?。Sinceherbrotherwasbusy,hedidn'tcome.

她哥哥因?yàn)槊]有來。Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcanplaybasketball.既然你已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),你可以打籃球。（續(xù)表）條件狀語從句if,unless,aslongasYouwon'tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.

如果不更加努力學(xué)習(xí),你將通不過考試。Idon'tmindaslongasitdoesn'train.

只要不下雨就行了。比較狀語從句than,as…as…,notso/as…as…Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.

這本書比那本書有趣。Mathsisasimportantasphysics.

數(shù)學(xué)和物理同樣重要。（續(xù)表）目的狀語從句incase,sothat,inorderthatShestoodupsothatshemightseemoreclearly.

她站起來以便能看得更清楚。Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.

隨身帶一頂帽子,以防太曬。結(jié)果狀語從句so…that…,such…that…Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他是如此生氣,以至于說不出話來。Sheissuchalovelygirlthateveryonelovesher.她是一個(gè)如此可愛的女孩,大家都喜歡她。（續(xù)表）讓步狀語從句although,thoughThoughitwaslate,wewentonworking.

雖然晚了,但是我們繼續(xù)工作。（續(xù)表）【拓展】1.主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致一般分為下列三種情況：(1)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.過馬路時(shí)要小心。Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelightsarered.當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r,車輛必須停下來。(2)主將從現(xiàn)：主句用一般將來時(shí),而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.當(dāng)我有空時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。Ifsheisheretomorrow,Iwillgototheparkwithher.如果明天她來這里,我將和她一起去公園。(3)過去時(shí)態(tài)：若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情,則主從句可以用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。MysisterwasplayingthepianowhenIgothomeyesterday.昨天我到家時(shí),我妹妹正在彈鋼琴。2.賓語從句和狀語從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)Idon'tknowif(是否)hewillcome.If(如果)hecomes,Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.我不知道他是否會(huì)來。如果他來的話,我將告訴他這起事故。Idon'tknowwhen(什么時(shí)候)hewillcometomorrow.When(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)hecomes,Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.我不知道他明天什么時(shí)候來。當(dāng)他來時(shí),我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。3.so…that…和such…that…的用法用法例句so+形容詞或副詞+that從句Sheissolovelythatweallloveher.

她如此可愛,我們所有人都喜歡她。so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單

數(shù)+that從句Itissointerestingabookthatheenjoysreadingit.

如此有趣的一本書,他很喜歡讀。so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

+that從句Thereweresomanypeopleinthesupermarketthatwehadtowaitforalongtime.

超市里的人如此多,我們不得不等了很長時(shí)間。so+much/little(少)+不可數(shù)名

詞+that從句Hehassomuchmoneythathecanaffordthehouse.

他有那么多的錢,能買得起這座房子。（續(xù)表）such+a/an(+形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞

單數(shù)+that從句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.

他是那么好的一位老師,我們所有人都尊重他。such(+形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句Theyaresuchinterestingmoviesthatchildrenlovethemverymuch.

如此有趣的電影,孩子們非常喜歡它們。such(+形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Itwassuchbadweatherthatwehadtostayathome.

天氣太糟糕了,我們不得不待在家里。（續(xù)表）Clause3

定語從句在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。Heistheman

who

Iwanttosee.他就是我想要見的那個(gè)人。

先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,that,which,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。一般情況下,如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who,whom,whose或that;先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞,關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用whose,that或which。關(guān)系詞有三個(gè)作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句;2.代替先行詞;3.在定語從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞例句that在從句中作主語或賓語Hewrotedownthethingsthatweretalkedaboutatthemeeting.(作主語)他寫下了在會(huì)議上討論的事情。IwillneverforgetthemanthatIsawlastyear.(作賓語)我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我去年見到的那個(gè)人。which在從句中

作主語或賓語ThisisthenovelwhichiswritteninEnglish.(作主語)

這是那本用英語寫的小說。TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfromafriendofmine.(作賓語)我昨天收到的信來自我的一個(gè)朋友。（續(xù)表）who在從句中作

主語或賓語,whom在從句中

作賓語Theteacherwillhelpanyonewhoisintrouble.(作主語)老師會(huì)幫助任何一個(gè)有困難的人。Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.(作主語)打破窗戶的人必須要賠償。Thegirlwho/whomyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.(作賓語)你上周見到的那個(gè)女孩已經(jīng)離開小鎮(zhèn)了。ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.(作賓語)剛才和你交談的那個(gè)人是李先生。（續(xù)表）whose意為“誰的”,是一個(gè)屬

格詞。當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),whose

相當(dāng)于“ofwhom”;當(dāng)先行詞

是物時(shí),whose相當(dāng)于“ofwhich”Heistheonlystudentinourclasswhosefatherisapoliceman.=Heistheonlystudentinourclass,thefatherofwhomisapoliceman.他是我們班唯一一個(gè)父親是警察的學(xué)生。（續(xù)表）as主要用在such,thesame后,

在從句中作主語、賓語等Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(作主語)他提到的那些人是誠實(shí)的。

Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.(作賓語)不要看你不懂的書。ThisisthesamebookasIlost.(作賓語)這是一本跟我丟失的那本一樣的書。(同類型但

不是同一本)（續(xù)表）對(duì)接中考專練語法專題訓(xùn)練1.[2018·徐州]Wemustfindout

theprofessoriscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.

A.how B.why C.when D.where2.[2017·徐州]Wehaven'tdecidedyet

wewillplaceournewfurniture.

A.where B.what C.why D.which3.[2017·徐州]Thepoliceofficerstoppedusandaskeduswhere

.

A.werewegoing B.weweregoingC.arewegoing D.wearegoingCAB對(duì)接中考專練語法專題訓(xùn)練4.[2015·徐州]—Whattimeshallweleavefortheairport?—It'sfoggytoday.I'mnotsure

beclosedsoon.Let'sgonow.

A.whetherthehighwaywillB.whetherwillthehighwayC.whenthehighwaywillD.whenwillthehighway5.[2014·徐州]Couldyoupleasetellmewhere

?Thebossiswaitingforhim.

A.hasTomgone B.Tomhasgone C.hasTombeen D.TomhasbeenAB對(duì)接中考專練語法專題訓(xùn)練6.[2013·徐州]—Couldyoutellme

yesterday?

—Becausemybikebrokedownonmywayhere.A.whyyoucamelateB.whydoyoucomelateC.whyyoucomelateD.whydidyoucomelate7.JennyhasgonetoShanghaionbusiness,butshe'llbebackin3days.Iwillcallyou

.

A.assoonasshereturns B.whenshewillreturnC.aftershereturned D.ifshewillreturnAA對(duì)接中考專練語法專題訓(xùn)練8.[2019·徐州一模]—Iwonder

.

—Yes,ofcourse.A.whywewillvisitthemuseum B.whenwewillgettothemuseumC.whetherthemuseumisworthvisiting D.whatwecanseeinthemuseumC對(duì)接中考專練語法專題訓(xùn)練9.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMum

.Imissherv