2023級初中英語考前記憶手冊

2023級英語考前記憶手冊

（內(nèi)部資料）

版塊一語法總結(jié)

一、各種詞性的變形

1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

1）直接力口s:bed—*bedsvisitor—?visitorssuggestion—?suggestions

2）以s,x,sh,ch的單詞末尾加es:

box—>boxcsdish—>dishcsmatch—>matchcsglass—>glasscs

3）以。結(jié)尾的名詞；

力Ues的是：potato-+potatoestomato->tomatoeshero—>heroes

直接加Is的是：piano—>pianosvideo—?videosphoto—>photosradio—>radios

4）以輔音字PJ+y結(jié)尾的名詞I,變y？i加es:

library^librariesdictionary—>dictionariesenemy—>enemiesbaby^babies

以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，還是直接s:

boy—*boystoy-Hoyskey—>keysmonkey—>monkeys

5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變I7fe為v加es:

knife—>knivesleaf->leaveslife—>livesthief^thieveshalf^halves

6）名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：

child—>childrenfbot^feetman-^menwoman^women

tooth—>tccthmcusc—>micc

（注意：human—>humansGennan—>Germans）

7）單復(fù)同形的名詞

sheepdeerfishChineseJapanese

（注意：fish如果指一條條活生生的魚，則是可數(shù)名詞，單復(fù)同形，而如果指

魚肉則是不可數(shù)名詞；people如果指人，則本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，無單數(shù)形式）

※修飾多寫表示數(shù)量的多少的詞：

a.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù):many,a（big/large/small）numherof,largenumbersof,

afew,few,several,acoupleof,quiteafew

b.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞：much,）ittlc,alittle,abitof,agreatdealof（大量），quile

alittle

c.兩者皆可的：some,alotof,lotsof,enough,occansof,anoceanof,plentyof,

any.all.aliof,noneof.no.quitcalotcf.…

（注意：alitle除了表示“一點點”修飾不可數(shù)名詞，還可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單

數(shù)，表示“一個小..如:alitlcchild,alittleboy）

2.名詞變形容詞

1）在名詞后加-y

luck—>luckycloud—>cloudywind—*windyrain—>rainy

snow—>snowyhealth—^healthysun—>sunny（雙寫n）

2）在名詞后去e加y

noise—>noisytaste—>tasty

3）在名詞后加-ly,如：

friend—?friendlylove—>lovelylive—*livelyday—>daily（變y為i力口ly）

lone—>lonely

4）在名詞后加-ful,如：

beauty—>beautifillwonder—?wonderfulhelp—>hclpftil

care—>carefuiuse—?useful

5）在名詞后加Tess,表示反義詞如:

use^uselesshome—>homelesscare—?carelesshope—>hopcless

6）把-ce變?yōu)?4

.silence—>silent

diiicrcnoc—>differentimportance—>important

7）名詞后加Rus*d

danger—>dangerbusmystery-^mysterious（變y為加ous）

3.形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級變化

1）通常情況在詞尾加-er,-est

tall-taller-tallestyoung-younger-youngest

few-fewer-fewestfast-faster-fastest

2）以字母e結(jié)尾直接加-r,-st

fine-finer-finestlarge-larger-largestnice-nicer-nicestclose-closer-closest

3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-ejest

casy-casicr-casiestheavy-heavier-heaviestearly-earlier-carliest

4）重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母再加-er,-est

big-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnest

5）部分雙音節(jié)詞和所有多音節(jié)詞前加more,themost

注意：加后綴變?yōu)榈男稳菰~或副詞，通常加more和most變比較級和最高級

bcautiful-morcbcautiful-thcmostbeautifultired-moretired-themosttired

quickty-morequickly-（the）mostquicklyexciting-irioreexciting-themostexciting

6）不規(guī)則變化

good/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastmany/much-more-niost

bad/hadly-worse-worstill-worsc-worstfar-farthcr（furthcr）-farthcst（furthest

old-older（elder）-oldest（eldest）

7）無比較級和最高級的形容詞、副詞

last最后的；上一個的

favorite最省愛的

fantastic極好的

most大多數(shù)的；大部分的；幾乎全部的

terrible很糟的；極壞的；可怕的

派下列詞只能修飾形容詞，副詞的原級：

very,quite.too,so.pretty

下列詞只能修飾形容詞，副詞的比較級：

even.much,alot,far

下列詞既能修飾原級又能修飾比較級：

rather,alittle,ahit,still

4.形容詞變副詞

1）直接加ly

strong-stronglycareful-carefullystrange-strangdy（易錯，不去e）bad-badly

safe-safelyquiet-quietlyquick-quickly

2）去e加y

-able/ible結(jié)尾的形容詞：

terrible-terriblypossible-possibly

impossible-impossiblyprobable-probably

3）去e加ly

true-truly

4）變y為i加ly

heavy-heavilyhappy-happilylucky-luckilyhealthy-healthily

5）形容詞副詞同形的單詞

closehardearlylatehighfirstnearfar

2

5.動詞變?nèi)朔Q單數(shù)

規(guī)律例詞

規(guī)直接加S1.一般在動詞的后面直接加-scat-*cats

直接加2.以-s.-x.-sh.-ch,o結(jié)尾的watch-*watches

則es詞后加-esgofgoes,do-*does

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞factory—factories

動改y為,先把y改成i再加-es;carry-"carries,

加es4.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動p]ay-*plays

詞詞，后面直接加-Sday-*days

have_*has,

特殊

be-*is

6.動詞變doing

1）直接在動詞后面加-ing

do-doingstand-standingsleep-sleepingeat-eating

（不變y為i）fly-flyingstudy-studying

（不雙寫）open-openingplay-playingclean-cleaningdraw-drawing

listen-listeningwait-waitingrain-rainingwrite-writing

2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加-ing

come-comingdancc-dancingclose-closingmake-making

ride-ridingwrite-writinglake-takingphone-phoning

wake-wakingmove-movinghave-havingleave-leaving

3）重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加Tng

sit-sittingswim-swimmingrun-runningcut-cutting

pul-puttingget-gettingshop-shoppingshut-shutting

begin-beginningforget-torgettingstop-stoppingtravel-travel1ing/traveling

4）以ie結(jié)尾的動詞,變ie為y,再加ing;

lie-lyingdic-dyingtic-tying

7.動詞變過去式和過去分詞

VerbPt.Pp.VerbPt.Pp.

A-A-A型tel1toldtold

costcostcostholdheldheld

cutcutcutkeepkeptkept

hithithitsleepsleptslept

letletletsweepsweptswept

putputputsendsentsent

readreadreadspendspentspent

setsetsetbuildbuiltbuilt

shutshutshutfeelfeltfelt

hurthurthurtfallfellfallen

A-B-A型smellsmeltsmelt

comecamecomemeanmeantmeant

runranrunleaveleftleft

becomebecamebecomelearnlearnt/Iearnedlearnt/Iearned

hearheardheard

A-A-B型have/hashadhad

beatbeatbeatenloselostlost

hang（懸掛）hunghung

A-B-B型

3

sitsatsat

shineshoneshone

winwonwonA-BY?

standstoodstoodam/iswasbeen

understandunderstoodunderstoodarewerebeen

lay（放置laidlaidbeginbeganbegur

lie（說謊）liedlieddrinkdrankdrunk

lie（平躺laylainsingsangsung

）

saysaidsaidswimswamswum

paypaidpaidgrowgrewgrown

buyboughtboughtflyflewflown

bringbroughtbroughtknowknewknown

thinkthoughtthoughteatateeaten

catchcaughtcaughtblowblewblown

lendlentlentdrawdrewdrawn

findfoundfoundthrowthrewthrown

teachtaughttaughtgivegavegiven

meetmetmetdrivedrovedriyen

sellsoldsoldtaketooktaken

makemademadeseesawscon

8.代詞（分類表）

人稱代詞，物主代詞,反身代詞

形容詞性物主名詞性物主

主格賓格反身代詞

代詞代詞

Imemyminemyself

weusouroursourselves

youyouyouryoursyourself

you（復(fù)數(shù)）youyouryoursyourselves

hehimhishishimself（易錯

sheherherhersherself

itititsitsitself

theythemtheirtheirsthemselves（易錯）

指示代詞

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

thisthese

thatthose

不定彳t詞：some,any,all,both,none.each,either.neither,every,othe,

another,something,anything,nothing,anyone,anybody,someone,

somebody,nobody

不定代接_____名謂語動

表示幾者加不加其它

詞詞詞

三者和三者以可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)/單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)可加可不加

all上（肯定）不可數(shù)

both兩者（肯定）可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)可加可不加

1.單數(shù)作主語謂作主語的

4

each兩者和兩者以2.+ofthe+語動詞用可加可不加同位語謂

上（肯定）復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)語動詞用

復(fù)數(shù)

1.單數(shù)either…or

either兩者（肯定）2.+ofthe+單數(shù)可加可不加…謂語動

復(fù)數(shù)詞遵循“

就近原則

every三者和三者以單數(shù)單數(shù)不能加everyone

上（肯定）of

1.單數(shù)ncitherno

neither兩者（否定）2.+ofthe+單數(shù)可加可不加r…謂語動

復(fù)數(shù)詞遵循“

就近原則

n

2數(shù)

三者和三者以可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)/(U復(fù).必須加

none&/n.數(shù)

上（否定）不可數(shù)>

(/C

\.

n.

二、易錯單詞歸納

A

above;accept;activities;can'taffordtodo;bcafraidof;again;against;agreewith/todo;bc

allowedtodo;almost;alone&along;already&ye(;always&never;beangrywi(h;another;answer

to;fallasleepipayattentiontodoing:for/stayawayfrom

B

bad/badly/ill(worsc;worst);bcat(bcat;b2atcn);bcautiful;bccausc;bcforc;b2gin(bcgan;bcgun);

fallbchind;bclicvc;bcsidc&bcsidcs；3ctwccn...and;bcborn;onone'sbirthday;borrow...from

(lendto;keep);beak(broke;broken);havebreakfast/haveforbreakfast;bring(brought)&buy

(bought);brother:onbusiness;bebusywith/doing;but(Heisn*toutgoingbutshy.)

C

carries;catch(caught);cerlain：chance&change;cheap(不雙寫);children;choice;choose(chose;

choscn);kccp...clcan;clcvcr;bcclosetosth./doing;kccp...closcc/opcn;clothcs;gotocollege;

copies

D

dangerous;daughter;dead/dying(died:death);decide(decision):delicious;keepadiarjVdiariesibe

differentfrom(bethesameas/besimilarto):difficult;divideinlo;draw(drew;drawn);dressup

as/like;drive(drove;dnven);driver;drink(drank;drunk);during

E

Early(earlier);easier(easily);eat(ate;eaten);either.or;neither...nonempty;encouragesb.todo;

enjoydoing;(not)adj+enoughtodo;even+比較級；gosomewhere+adj:fbrexample;excep:

&expect;expensive;explain

F

failtodo;fall(fell;fallen)-feel(felt;fell);befamousfor/as;fans;far(farther;further);father;

favorite;fillin;finishdoing;thefirsttodo;fish(單復(fù)數(shù)同形);onthesecondfloor:flowcr;fly

(flew;tlown);fbllow;fbreign;forget(fbrgot;fbrgotten);befreetodD；in((he)frontof;befullof;in

thefuture

G

grades;workingroups;grow(grew;grown)

H

habit5&hobbies;halfalan;handin/out;handsup;sth.happentosb.;hard/hardly/hard-working;b3

harmfulto;

5

keephealthy=keepingoodhealth;hear(heard)from;lcambyheart=putallone'sheartinto

one'shcart;hclpwith/todo;inhistoi'y;bchcld;onholiday;in(the)hospital;hottcr;howtodoit;

whattodo;however+adj;hundredsoff9hundred;inahurryihurt(hurt;hurt)

anidca;ifso/not/possiblc/nccessarj^beimportantto.../it'simportantforsb.todo;instcad

&insleadof;beinterestedin;

J

joininijumpedup

K

keep(kept;kept);thekeyto...;killthetime;bekindto-kindsof;knives;knockat;know(knew;

known)

L

language;thelasttoarrive&arrivelatestJatestnews;3dayslater;laughat;lay(laid;laid);lazier;

learnfrom/todo;atleast;leavefor;theleftfbod;lend(lent)to;teachsbalesson;)etter;lie(lay;

lain;lying);life(lives)Jiveahappylifejliftupjight(含義)；line:list：listento;alalowprice/ina

lowvoice;luckily;lunch

M

many/much(morc;most);Itmatters...;mcals;mcan(mcant);takcsomemedicinc;havcameeting;

member;messages;inthemiddleof;minddoing(注意回答)；makemistakesin;makemoney;

months&mouths;onthernoon;mother;in/clinibthemountain;movetosp.;movie;museum;niusic

N

Need(情動&實義)；nexlto;nin(h;makeanoise;noisy;none;number

0

offertodo;onc。(一次；—"S);keep,--clean;opposite;ourselves;one*sown+n

P

page;pair;parents;takephotosof;pickup(含義)；haveapicnic;piece;aplacetodo;plant;please

sb.thepolice+動詞復(fù)數(shù)；bepoliteco;bepopularwith;post;practicedoing;haveproblems

with/doing;makeprogressin;answertothequestion;quickly;quiet&quite

R

ontheradio;reach(含義)；bereadyfor/todo;really;receive;remember;report;ride(rode:ridden);

makeroomfbr;run(ran;run)

S

Save(節(jié)約；挽救)；say(said)saysthtosb.;season;takeone'sseat/insb'sseat;second;see(saw;

seen);seem;send(sent)up;beseriousabout;set(set-set)up/off7out;several;sheep(單復(fù)數(shù)同型)；

shine(shone);show(showed;showi);since(自從/既處:);sit(sat;sat);inthesky;sleep(slept;

slept);smile;smell;soon(強調(diào)馬上要去做某事)；feelsorryfor;speak(spoke;spoken)+語言；

speaktosb;spcnd(spent)...on/(in)doing;inspring;stand(stood;stood);startwith;

stay-i-adj:stick(stuck;stuck)into;sticktodoing:still&also;stoppedtodo/doing:withoutastop;

tellstories/jokes...;stronger;student;studyfbratest;subject;successful;sucha/an...+that;to

one'ssurprise;swim(swain;swum)；2oswimming

T-

Take(took;taken);teach(taught);terrible;thanksfbr.../thanksb.fbr.../thanksto;thcmsclvcs;

then&than;these&those;thick&thin;things;thought;third;bethirstyfor;thousand(five

thousand/lhousandsof)；chroughthewindow/hardwork;throw(threw;thrown);aticketto;betired

of;gettogethertodo;tooth-teeth;travelto;havctroublewith/doing;cometrue;twelfth;twentieth;

twice

u

understand-understoodinot...until&until;usually

V

fruitandvegetables;visitsp=payavisittosp.;visitor

W

waitingfor;wakc(woke;wokcn)&bcawake;beweakin;wcathcr&whcthcr;

F.

onweekdays/weekends;welcometo;which;while(當/然而)；thewholeday/family;whose;wide;

win(won;won);without+doing/n/代詞賓格：word&world;beworriedabout;write(wrote;

writtcn);writing(d：雙寫)；gowrong

Y

sayyes/notosth/doing;yestcrday;youngcr;yoursclves

三、動詞后接+todo,doing,do

doingsth

完成某事情finishdoingsth

喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth/likedoingsth/befondofdoingsth

不喜歡做某事dislikedoingsth

練習做某事practicedoingsth

介意做某事mind(sb*s)doingsth

保持做某事keepdoing

對做某事有興趣beinterestedindoingsth

代替做某事1insteadofdoingsth

錯過做某事missdoing

擅長做某事begoodatdoingsth.

haveproblems/trouble/difficulty或difficulties(in)

做某事遇了些問題doingsth

haveahard/difficulttime(in)doing

havefundoingsth/haveagoodtimedoing/enjoy

獲得樂趣nnpsplfdoing

忙于干某事bebusydoingsth/bebusywithsth.

推遲做某事putoffdoing

建議做某事suggest(sb)doing

放棄做某事giveupdoing

花時間做某事spendsometime(in)doing/onsth

阻止某人做某事stop/keep/preventsb.fromdoing

習慣于做某事be/getusedtodoing/sth.

被用來做某事beusedfordoingsth

情不自禁做某事canfthelpdoingsth

感謝某人做某事thanksb.fordoingsth

做某事怎樣？what/howaboutdoingsLh.?

去游泳/遠足/劃船/購物/釣魚goswimming/hiking/boating/shopping/fishing

購物/看書dosomeshopping/reading/washing/c1eaning

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事findsb.doingsth.

不能忍受做某事canftstanddoing

想要做某事feellikedoing

期望做某事lookforwardtodoing

注意做某事payattentiontodoingsth.

差點做成某事beclosetodoing

dosth

最好干（不干）某事hadbetter(not)dosth

7

letsbdosth.(let*sdosth)havesbdo

讓某人做某事makesb.dosth.(比較getsb.todosth.)

幫某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.

為何不做某事呢？Whynotdosth?/whydon，tyoudosth?

我可以做某事嗎？MayIdosth.?

我們做某事好嗎？Shallwedosth?

請不要做某事。Please(don't)dosth

請你做某事，好么？Would/Will/Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?

todosth

wanttodosth./wouldliketodosth(比較feellike

想做某事doing)

希望做某事wish/hopetodo

使某人做某事getsb.todosth

學(xué)做某事learntodosth

被用來做某事beusedtodosth

計劃做某事plantodo

同意做某事lagreetodosth

決定做某事decidetodosth./makeadecisiontodosth.

拒絕做某事refusetodosth

能負擔得起去做某事(can/could/bcable:o)affordtodosth

沒能做某事failtodosth

盡力去做某事do/tryone，sbesttodo

準備好做某事be/getreadytodosth./forsth.

樂于干某事beg1ad/p1eased/happytodosth

對于某人來說干某事如何It'seasy/possible/important/difficult(forsb)todosth

參觀中國的最好時間(It's)thebesttimetovisitChina

第一次做某事(It，s)thefirsttimetodosth.

我有許多工作要做。Ihavealotofworktodo

There'snotime/needtodosth/have(no)timetodo

沒時間/沒必要去干某事。sth.

干某事花費某人一些時間Ittakessbsometimetodosth…

我的工作是喂牲口。Myjobistofeedtheanimals.

聽到這種事我很傷心I*msorrytohearthat

todo/doingsth

開始做某事begin/starttodo/doingsth

忘記/記得干某事forget/remembertodosth.

忘記/記得干過某事forget/rememberdoingsth.

維續(xù)做某事（同一件事，未完）goondoingsth./kespondoing/continuedoing

繼續(xù)做某事（另一件事）goontodosth

聽/看見/觀看/注意到某人在干事hear/see/watch/noticesbdoingsth

聽/看見/觀看7注意到某人干了某事hear/see/watch/noticesbdosth.

8

停止正在做的事stopdoingsth

停下來去做某事stoptodosth

需要做某事needtodosth

某物需要被……sth.needdoing/tobedone

設(shè)法，盡力做某事trytodosth

嘗試做某事trydoingsth

打算做某事meantodosth

意味著...meandoingsth

V.+sbtodosth

想要某人做某事wantsbtodosth

想要某人做某事wouldlikesbtosth

喜歡某人做某事likesbtodosth

請求某人做某事asksbtodosth

告訴某人做某事tellsbtodosth

鼓勵某人做某事encouragesbtodosth

教某人做某事teachsbtodosth

wishsbtodosth（不能說hopesb.（別人）todo,

希望某人做某事只能接句子）

期盼某人做某事expectsbtodosth

允許某人做某事allowsbtodosth

建議某人做某事advisesbtodosth（注意：suggestsb.doing）

邀請某人做某事invitesbtodosth

V+sb.do/doing感官動詞

看見某人做了某事seesb.dosth

看見某人正在做某事seesb.doingsth

注視著某人做了某事watchsb.dosth.

注視著某人正在做某事watchsb.doingsth.

聽見某人做過了某事hearsb.dosth.

聽見某人正在做某事hearsb.doingsth.

注意到某人做了某事noticesb.dosth.

注意到某人正在做某事noticesb.doing

四、主謂一致的幾種情況：____________________________________

1就近原則謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決r?最靠近它的詞語

1)主語出現(xiàn)neither...nor...,eiiher...or...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...W及or連接

的并列主語。

eg.Eiiheriheparemsor(heironlychildhasquestions(oask.

對比記憶：主語出現(xiàn)bolh…and…and,連接不同事物時候，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)

數(shù)形式。

Boththedogandthecatarethepopularpets.

注意：a.Theyboth...b.Bothofthem...c.Both…and…作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

2）therebe句型Therearestudentsandateacherintheroom.

Thereisateacherandstudentsintheroom.

3）副詞或介詞短語構(gòu)成的倒裝句中Atthefootofthemountainliesavillage.

Herecometheteachers.

2隨主語原則

主語中出現(xiàn)togetherwith,except,aswellas,including,besides,alongwith,like,but這種

詞語，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式它們之前的主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

Myfamilymembersbesidesmyoldgrandpawereinvitedtotheparty.

3of結(jié)構(gòu)

1）由neitherof,eitherof,oneof,eachof/everyoneof構(gòu)成的主語，表達單數(shù)概念。

Eitheroftheroadisclean.

2）由someof,alIof,therestof,mostof,noneof,halfof,threequartersof,10%等這類詞

構(gòu)成主語表手語的某一部分，應(yīng)由。f后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。

Someofthericewaseatenbythemouse.

HalfofthestudentspreferEnglishtoChinese.

Halfofthemoneyhasrunout.

3）主語中出現(xiàn)apairof,aglassof以及類似詞語表示名詞的量，特別是不可數(shù)名詞，

應(yīng)由數(shù)量詞來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Apairofglassesisneeded.

Twopairsofglassesareneeded.

Twoglassesofwaterareenough.

（agroupofpeople應(yīng)看成復(fù)數(shù)形式。）

4）anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；；thenumberof+名訶受數(shù)作主語，

謂語用單數(shù)

4主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如：-eoDlethe

shoes,sock,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

eg.Theclotheswerewashedbymylittlebrother._______________________________

5表示度量、價格、時間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主語時一般被看作一個整體，謂語用單

數(shù)形式

eg.FouryearshaspassedsinceIstartedtoworkinthisschool.

6the+形容詞或分詞作主語時，如果指一類人，其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指抽象概念，

其謂語用單數(shù)

eg.Thericharenotalwayshappy.

Thenewissuretotaketheplaceoftheold新的肯定會代替舊的。

7everyone1somebody,nothing等不定代詞作主語時，謂語部分用單數(shù)

eg.Everjlhingisreadynow.

NobodyhasbeentoAfrica.

8動名詞（doing）或動詞不定式作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)

eg.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。

Wheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet.

9family,class,population等名詞，當其表達整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，當其表

達成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

eg.ClassTwoisoneoft