重慶市暴雨強(qiáng)度公式、設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型及適用范圍、山地城市非金屬管道排水最大流速試驗(yàn)成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度

附錄A暴雨強(qiáng)度公式的編制方法A.0.1降雨資料的站點(diǎn)應(yīng)首選區(qū)域內(nèi)的國(guó)家氣象站，若無(wú)國(guó)家氣象站可考慮其他降雨觀測(cè)站，但應(yīng)保證站點(diǎn)獨(dú)立性，不可采用數(shù)個(gè)站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)混合。A.0.2按照氣象數(shù)據(jù)審核規(guī)范，對(duì)原始資料進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查、審核和均一性說(shuō)明，歷史自記紙降雨資料處理，按照附錄E規(guī)定進(jìn)行。A.0.3降雨歷時(shí)采用5min、10min、15min、20min、30min、45min、60min、90min、120min、150min、180min共11個(gè)歷時(shí)。A.0.4樣本按照降序排列，樣本經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率按以下公式計(jì)算：p=m/（n+1）（A.0.4）QUOTE式中：p——為經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率；m——為排序數(shù)；n——為樣本容量，即樣本總數(shù)。A.0.5重現(xiàn)期與經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率按照以下公式換算：P=1/p（A.0.5）QUOTE式中：P——重現(xiàn)期；p——經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率（%）。A.0.6降雨重現(xiàn)期按2年、3年、5年、10年、20年、30年、50年、100年的8個(gè)重現(xiàn)期計(jì)算。A.0.7頻率分布擬合推薦采用皮爾遜-Ⅲ型、耿貝爾型函數(shù)曲線和指數(shù)分布曲線。各地亦可根據(jù)本地降雨特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行多種頻率分布函數(shù)的擬合試驗(yàn)，從而優(yōu)選理論頻率曲線函數(shù)。擬合頻率分布曲線時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在控制擬合精度的同時(shí)注意頻率曲線的總體協(xié)調(diào)。A.0.8根據(jù)確定的頻率分布曲線，得出重現(xiàn)期（P）、降雨強(qiáng)度（i）和降雨歷時(shí)（t）三者關(guān)系值，即P-i-t關(guān)系表。A.0.9暴雨強(qiáng)度公式應(yīng)按下列規(guī)定計(jì)算：1單一重現(xiàn)期暴雨強(qiáng)度公式，按下式計(jì)算：令A(yù)=167A1(1+ClgP)，則得到一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的表達(dá)式，即為單一重現(xiàn)期公式：（A.0.9-1）對(duì)上式兩邊取對(duì)數(shù)，并令：，，’，，簡(jiǎn)化為一元線性方程形式：（A.0.9-2）采用數(shù)值逼近法和最小二乘法，給定b值，推算A、n’值，調(diào)整b值直至均方根誤差最小，確定A、b、n’值。2區(qū)間參數(shù)公式，按下式計(jì)算：若根據(jù)實(shí)際需求，要計(jì)算某一重現(xiàn)期（單一重現(xiàn)期以外）的暴雨強(qiáng)度公式，采用區(qū)間參數(shù)公式，形式為：（A.0.9-3）式中y為A、b、n’參數(shù)中的任一個(gè)，P為重現(xiàn)期，C為常數(shù)?？筛鶕?jù)需要，把1～100年重現(xiàn)期劃分為二個(gè)區(qū)間，如：1～10年和10～100年。將A、b、n’代入?yún)^(qū)間參數(shù)公式，得到：（A.0.9-4）（A.0.9-5）（A.0.9-6）三式中，A、b、n’和P是已知數(shù)，A1、A2、CA、b1、b2、Cb及n’1、n’2、Cn都是未知數(shù)。根據(jù)求得的單一重現(xiàn)期P下的A、b、n’值，利用最小二乘法，可解得未知數(shù)A1、A2、CA、b1、b2、Cb及n’1、n’2、Cn，從而得到1～10年和10～100年二個(gè)區(qū)間的A、b、n’值，即可得到區(qū)間參數(shù)公式。3暴雨強(qiáng)度總公式，按下式計(jì)算：對(duì)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式兩邊取對(duì)數(shù)得：（A.0.9-7）令，，，，，簡(jiǎn)化為二元線性方程形式：（A.0.9-8）應(yīng)用數(shù)值逼近法和最小二乘法求解，確定A1，C，b，n’。A.0.10精度檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)滿足下列要求：計(jì)算重現(xiàn)期在2年～20年時(shí)，平均絕對(duì)均方根誤差不宜大于0.05mm/min；平均相對(duì)均方根誤差不宜大于5%。A.0.11山地城市宜補(bǔ)充利用加密觀測(cè)的其它降雨資料，分析本地強(qiáng)降雨的區(qū)域分布特征，為暴雨強(qiáng)度公式的適用范圍提供依據(jù)。附錄B設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型確定技術(shù)B.0.1雨峰位置系數(shù)：將各降雨歷時(shí)的降雨過(guò)程樣本，以5min為間隔進(jìn)行分段，統(tǒng)計(jì)降雨過(guò)程的雨峰位置系數(shù)，雨峰位置系數(shù)為樣本的算術(shù)平均。（B.0.1）式中，ri——雨峰位置系數(shù)；ti——降雨峰值時(shí)刻；Ti——降雨歷時(shí)。B.0.2芝加哥雨型法根據(jù)雨峰位置系數(shù)r，設(shè)計(jì)暴雨重現(xiàn)期（P）、設(shè)計(jì)降雨歷時(shí)（t），代入根據(jù)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式導(dǎo)出的芝加哥法雨型公式，計(jì)算出雨峰前后瞬時(shí)降雨強(qiáng)度及各個(gè)時(shí)段內(nèi)的平均降雨強(qiáng)度，最終確定出對(duì)應(yīng)一定重現(xiàn)期及降雨歷時(shí)的芝加哥法雨型。令過(guò)程的總歷時(shí)為t0，峰前的瞬時(shí)強(qiáng)度曲線為Ia，相應(yīng)的歷時(shí)為ta，降雨累計(jì)量為Ha，峰后的瞬時(shí)強(qiáng)度曲線為Ib，相應(yīng)歷時(shí)為tb，降雨累計(jì)量為Hb，總降雨量。取一定重現(xiàn)期下暴雨強(qiáng)度公式形式為：；雨峰前后瞬時(shí)降雨強(qiáng)度可由下式計(jì)算：當(dāng)0≤t≤ta時(shí):（B.0.2-1）當(dāng)0≤t≤tb時(shí):（B.0.2-2）式中，A、b、n為一定重現(xiàn)期下暴雨強(qiáng)度公式中的參數(shù)，t為峰值前后時(shí)刻距雨峰的歷時(shí)，r為雨峰位置系數(shù)，是根據(jù)每場(chǎng)降雨不同歷時(shí)峰值時(shí)刻與整個(gè)歷時(shí)的比值而加權(quán)平均確定的，r位于0～1之間。在求出雨峰位置系數(shù)r之后，可計(jì)算雨型各時(shí)段（以5min計(jì)）的累積降雨量：當(dāng)0≤t≤rT時(shí):（B.0.2-3）當(dāng)rT≤t≤T時(shí)：（B.0.2-4）式中。在計(jì)算出雨型各時(shí)段的累積降雨量之后，各時(shí)段的平均降雨量可依次相減求出，進(jìn)而得到每個(gè)時(shí)段內(nèi)的平均降雨強(qiáng)度，最終確定出對(duì)應(yīng)一定重現(xiàn)期及降雨歷時(shí)的芝加哥雨型。B.0.3同頻率雨型分析法同頻率分析法要求設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型不同時(shí)段（60min、120min、...）的降雨量均分別等于設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量。根據(jù)雨峰位置系數(shù)r,峰值強(qiáng)度采用最大5分鐘平均強(qiáng)度，剩余時(shí)段按樣本平均值確定分配比例，根據(jù)峰值對(duì)齊，依次將60min擴(kuò)展為120min、180min、…直至所需要的歷時(shí)，最終確定出一定降雨歷時(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型。同頻率分析法：以1440min歷時(shí)為例，時(shí)段間隔5min。①計(jì)算各歷時(shí)雨峰位置系數(shù)，計(jì)算5min和60min時(shí)段平均降雨量；②峰值位置降雨強(qiáng)度用5min平均降雨量取代，計(jì)算其余各5min時(shí)段降雨量百分比（按樣本各時(shí)段平均值除以剩余55min降雨量），用60min設(shè)計(jì)雨量減去5min降雨量后乘以其余各時(shí)段百分比，即可得到60min歷時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程。③60min擴(kuò)展為120min時(shí)，根據(jù)峰值對(duì)齊原則，將60min設(shè)計(jì)雨量放在120min對(duì)應(yīng)的位置上，其余60min重復(fù)②計(jì)算過(guò)程，得到120min歷時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程。④以此類(lèi)推，通過(guò)短推長(zhǎng)最終得到1440min歷時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程。附錄C重慶市暴雨強(qiáng)度公式及適用范圍C.0.1重慶市主城區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式的計(jì)算應(yīng)符合下列要求：重慶市主城區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式包括沙坪壩暴雨強(qiáng)度公式、渝北暴雨強(qiáng)度公式和巴南暴雨強(qiáng)度公式。沙坪壩暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.1-1）式中：q——暴雨強(qiáng)度（升/秒·公頃）；P——設(shè)計(jì)重現(xiàn)期（年）；t——降雨歷時(shí)（min）；下同。渝北暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.1-2）巴南暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.1-3）C.0.2主城區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式適用范圍應(yīng)滿足下列要求：1沙坪壩區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式適用范圍：長(zhǎng)江和嘉陵江之間的地區(qū)，包括沙坪壩、渝中、九龍坡、大渡口區(qū)和部分北碚區(qū)（嘉陵江以南區(qū)域）。2巴南區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式適用范圍：長(zhǎng)江以南地區(qū)，包括巴南、南岸區(qū)。3渝北區(qū)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式適用范圍：長(zhǎng)江和嘉陵江以北的地區(qū)，包括渝北、江北區(qū)和大部分北碚區(qū)（嘉陵江以北區(qū)域）。C.0.3主城區(qū)外各區(qū)縣暴雨強(qiáng)度公式的計(jì)算應(yīng)符合下列要求：璧山暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-1）式中：q——暴雨強(qiáng)度（升/秒·公頃）；P——設(shè)計(jì)重現(xiàn)期（年）；t——降雨歷時(shí)（min）；下同。榮昌暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-2）長(zhǎng)壽暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-3）涪陵暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-4）江津暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-5）合川暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-6）永川暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-7）南川暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-8）大足暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-9）銅梁暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-10）潼南暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-11）萬(wàn)盛暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-12）綦江暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-13）彭水暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-14）黔江暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-15）石柱暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-16）武隆暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-17）秀山暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-18）酉陽(yáng)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-19）萬(wàn)州暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-20）梁平暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-21）城口暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-22）墊江暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-23）忠縣暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-24）開(kāi)州暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-25）云陽(yáng)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-26）奉節(jié)暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-27）巫山暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-28）巫溪暴雨強(qiáng)度公式：（C.0.3-29）豐都暴雨強(qiáng)度公式： （C.0.3-30）附錄D重慶市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型及適用范圍D.0.1重慶市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型重慶市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型包括Ⅰ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型、Ⅱ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型、Ⅲ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型、Ⅳ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型和Ⅴ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型。D.0.2重慶市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍Ⅰ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍包括：主城區(qū)、璧山、榮昌、大足、銅梁、潼南、合川、永川、江津、綦江、萬(wàn)盛。Ⅱ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍包括：長(zhǎng)壽、墊江、梁平、忠縣、開(kāi)州、萬(wàn)州。Ⅲ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍包括：涪陵、豐都、石柱、南川、武隆。Ⅳ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍包括：彭水、黔江、酉陽(yáng)、秀山。Ⅴ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型適用范圍包括：巫山、奉節(jié)、云陽(yáng)、巫溪、城口。D.0.3重慶市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型結(jié)果Ⅰ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型：表D.0.3-1設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量（單位:mm）2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小時(shí)43.851.360.371.783.188.896.1106.32小時(shí)57.869.283.4101.4118.7127.4138.8154.63小時(shí)67.081.599.8123.0145.0156.2170.8191.224小時(shí)99.1116.3135.0157.9179.0190.7205.1224.1表D.0.3-21小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%4.595.336.478.5813.9619.2611.478.346.725.725.034.52表D.0.3-32小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%2.072.242.442.703.053.554.365.9110.4613.148.076.03時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%4.914.213.713.353.062.832.652.492.352.242.142.05表D.0.3-43小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.331.391.461.551.651.761.912.092.322.643.123.92時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%5.5910.779.025.994.623.833.322.952.672.452.282.13時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%2.011.901.811.731.661.601.541.491.441.391.351.32表D.0.3-524小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.040.070.090.110.150.160.160.150.170.160.140.14時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.120.090.110.080.110.090.070.070.100.090.060.05時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.060.050.040.050.050.050.060.100.070.090.080.07時(shí)段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.080.080.070.070.050.080.060.050.060.060.070.09時(shí)段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.070.040.040.050.050.060.070.080.130.080.070.09時(shí)段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.070.050.070.110.130.050.100.130.140.120.110.11時(shí)段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.120.100.120.200.220.260.300.480.560.620.320.47時(shí)段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.450.490.530.650.540.540.680.570.310.570.710.64時(shí)段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.740.700.600.620.690.821.060.620.910.851.250.88時(shí)段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%1.381.501.682.403.052.422.995.382.862.522.582.51時(shí)段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%2.142.041.701.181.271.081.010.910.850.810.670.65時(shí)段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.570.500.530.490.510.500.440.320.280.280.290.26時(shí)段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.280.350.370.420.330.300.360.340.320.400.370.38時(shí)段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.400.360.310.250.250.250.220.230.370.330.340.39時(shí)段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.280.290.290.260.230.230.200.230.240.230.180.16時(shí)段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.140.140.140.120.140.140.150.140.120.140.260.23時(shí)段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.240.200.150.170.150.130.120.120.160.120.130.12時(shí)段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.130.120.130.110.110.090.100.120.090.090.090.08時(shí)段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.080.090.100.190.180.220.160.150.170.130.180.18時(shí)段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.180.210.160.140.130.120.180.160.160.140.100.12時(shí)段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.120.100.130.140.070.070.110.070.110.070.120.08時(shí)段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.090.080.080.080.090.110.080.130.130.130.100.08時(shí)段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.090.120.080.070.070.080.100.050.040.040.030.06時(shí)段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.040.040.030.050.040.040.050.040.040.040.040.16Ⅱ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型：表D.0.3-6設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量（單位:mm）2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小時(shí)41.348.456.466.476.081.888.497.72小時(shí)52.360.669.781.292.299.3106.5117.13小時(shí)60.169.279.392.0104.1108.9119.9131.624小時(shí)87.4102.2117.9136.4152.7161.7172.5186.5表D.0.3-71小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%3.083.865.117.3712.3624.5516.489.406.354.713.713.04表D.0.3-82小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.151.281.461.681.992.433.094.196.3111.5520.4911.72時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%7.215.063.843.072.552.171.881.661.491.351.231.13表D.0.3-93小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.670.720.780.840.931.031.151.301.511.792.192.79時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%3.815.7910.8218.4610.356.454.563.472.782.311.971.71時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.521.361.231.121.030.960.890.830.780.740.700.66表D.0.3-1024小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.080.100.080.070.070.090.100.140.170.160.120.16時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.110.070.080.090.080.090.150.130.090.060.080.10時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.050.050.040.050.060.050.050.050.060.060.060.05時(shí)段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.080.100.100.120.110.090.090.090.110.130.090.08時(shí)段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.110.100.160.150.140.120.090.070.070.080.080.09時(shí)段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.100.100.070.090.100.120.100.120.100.130.310.43時(shí)段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.300.230.170.220.190.210.250.270.330.350.540.76時(shí)段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.660.530.390.490.390.370.400.460.500.520.470.75時(shí)段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.990.970.820.670.990.860.940.710.991.020.900.79時(shí)段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%1.011.131.742.142.722.482.172.145.942.302.272.55時(shí)段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%2.192.232.080.850.900.930.870.750.670.720.690.78時(shí)段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.700.450.540.480.420.450.390.550.590.550.500.41時(shí)段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.400.340.350.360.380.360.340.300.290.280.320.28時(shí)段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.250.260.290.290.350.320.310.430.530.400.320.31時(shí)段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.340.360.260.210.220.210.260.300.300.300.270.29時(shí)段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.250.240.280.230.170.180.210.200.150.130.210.24時(shí)段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.280.190.130.110.120.100.160.210.130.170.160.17時(shí)段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.160.120.150.110.100.110.150.180.100.070.390.37時(shí)段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.250.330.260.210.150.160.140.130.100.060.080.13時(shí)段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.120.090.100.080.080.060.070.060.060.090.050.08時(shí)段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.070.060.070.080.050.050.050.070.110.170.120.15時(shí)段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.150.110.120.110.070.040.050.060.070.070.060.06時(shí)段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.060.050.060.070.060.060.060.040.040.060.030.06時(shí)段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.040.030.050.040.040.040.040.050.050.070.050.07Ⅲ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型：表D.0.3-11設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量（單位:mm）2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小時(shí)36.841.146.252.659.262.566.772.42小時(shí)46.552.459.468.377.381.787.495.23小時(shí)54.561.770.381.292.297.6104.7114.224小時(shí)80.991.9102.8115.4126.2132138.9147.9表D.0.3-121小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%3.664.415.577.6212.0922.7415.079.196.605.164.253.63表D.0.3-132小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.521.661.852.092.412.863.544.707.0414.0015.598.83時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%6.114.683.803.202.782.462.212.011.851.711.601.50表D.0.3-143小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.941.001.081.171.281.421.601.832.172.663.505.16時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%9.9715.048.695.964.533.663.072.662.352.101.911.75時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.621.511.411.331.261.201.141.091.041.000.960.93表D.0.3-1524小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.010.030.060.050.040.030.030.040.040.040.050.07時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.070.060.060.060.040.060.060.050.060.060.040.03時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.060.110.090.080.040.020.090.060.060.090.040.08時(shí)段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.050.040.070.190.080.050.050.050.070.150.220.13時(shí)段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.060.070.070.050.060.070.070.100.060.070.060.06時(shí)段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.070.070.080.100.050.050.050.060.070.090.110.11時(shí)段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.090.140.120.200.130.150.230.210.270.270.270.30時(shí)段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.310.280.320.430.481.001.071.460.681.291.011.14時(shí)段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%1.240.871.181.091.141.021.241.941.562.142.422.72時(shí)段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%2.762.456.092.292.542.912.232.001.960.810.750.90時(shí)段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.850.851.130.980.960.740.630.660.580.610.570.52時(shí)段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.490.860.690.590.540.450.530.580.570.490.450.44時(shí)段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.400.310.370.350.380.420.490.410.380.370.330.30時(shí)段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.270.300.270.260.230.240.360.270.300.430.290.29時(shí)段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.410.250.220.140.200.200.170.160.180.170.160.16時(shí)段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.200.150.120.110.080.110.110.140.120.160.180.16時(shí)段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.140.150.220.220.170.280.270.160.120.100.100.13時(shí)段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.110.090.060.060.080.060.060.050.050.050.050.06時(shí)段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.080.060.060.100.060.190.180.150.150.100.090.13時(shí)段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.150.100.090.090.120.070.100.120.110.090.100.09時(shí)段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.070.110.090.090.110.090.090.080.080.070.060.06時(shí)段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.040.060.050.060.050.060.070.080.070.070.060.07時(shí)段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.060.060.070.060.060.050.040.060.080.070.070.07時(shí)段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.130.200.090.070.010.080.070.080.020.010.010.49Ⅳ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型：表D.0.3-16設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量（單位:mm）2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小時(shí)41.547.955.063.972.477.283.591.82小時(shí)55.565.676.991.1104.6108.4122.2135.43小時(shí)63.675.187.9104.1119.5131.5139.5154.524小時(shí)93.3109.1126.5147.8167.6178.7192.4210.3表D.0.3-171小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%4.274.845.697.1210.1821.8515.759.016.735.534.784.25表D.0.3-182小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.982.102.232.402.592.853.183.654.385.689.0117.03時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%8.735.774.513.793.322.972.712.512.342.202.081.98表D.0.3-193小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.291.331.381.441.501.571.651.741.851.972.132.32時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%2.582.923.434.276.0612.869.655.394.003.282.832.52時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%2.282.101.951.831.731.641.561.491.431.381.331.29表D.0.3-2024小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.130.180.150.220.110.080.070.110.100.070.070.05時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.050.190.270.090.100.080.100.100.140.110.090.10時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.110.100.140.100.120.120.110.110.090.090.080.08時(shí)段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.110.110.130.170.140.130.110.100.090.100.150.12時(shí)段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.140.100.120.130.140.130.130.110.080.090.120.09時(shí)段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.080.090.080.060.080.090.100.070.080.110.110.12時(shí)段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.140.110.060.090.070.080.070.070.090.090.100.10時(shí)段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.110.180.200.220.220.190.180.220.230.220.240.23時(shí)段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.280.330.270.420.410.370.450.520.520.470.590.57時(shí)段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%0.470.680.540.530.480.490.550.620.710.730.750.76時(shí)段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.690.880.780.800.931.171.291.451.481.632.292.53時(shí)段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%2.592.732.476.092.602.642.762.401.961.801.061.08時(shí)段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%1.161.050.950.910.960.860.690.550.490.470.460.39時(shí)段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.390.380.400.440.400.460.420.350.330.370.390.37時(shí)段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.370.330.390.300.310.270.230.260.270.300.280.22時(shí)段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.240.210.210.220.170.190.180.160.150.160.200.15時(shí)段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.160.160.190.190.140.120.130.130.120.130.120.13時(shí)段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.110.110.180.220.180.140.130.170.170.120.130.13時(shí)段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.120.120.110.100.120.100.090.110.100.110.090.19時(shí)段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.170.180.150.120.090.100.130.090.070.090.080.10時(shí)段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.130.120.090.090.100.100.120.110.110.080.080.11時(shí)段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.110.080.080.060.090.080.080.100.120.110.100.08時(shí)段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.080.070.100.110.090.080.070.090.080.060.090.12時(shí)段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.080.090.050.060.080.090.110.070.060.080.060.09Ⅴ區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型：表D.0.3-21設(shè)計(jì)暴雨量（單位:mm）2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小時(shí)34.439.144.852.058.862.767.874.32小時(shí)43.249.256.365.374.078.985.393.53小時(shí)50.657.666.176.786.992.6100.2109.924小時(shí)89.1103.2118.5136.9153.9163.3174.8189.9表D.0.3-221小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%3.183.925.157.5714.2327.2813.558.105.764.473.673.12表D.0.3-232小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%1.321.461.641.882.222.713.525.089.1921.6012.747.43時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%5.214.013.272.772.402.131.921.741.601.481.381.30表D.0.3-243小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.820.880.951.041.141.281.451.692.042.593.605.97時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%16.0514.847.985.394.063.272.742.362.081.861.691.55時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.431.331.241.171.101.050.990.950.910.870.840.81時(shí)段123456789101112比例/%0.100.100.080.070.040.130.060.090.160.190.140.10時(shí)段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.110.080.100.100.080.090.110.100.100.090.090.11時(shí)段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.090.070.090.100.060.090.060.050.070.060.080.05時(shí)段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.050.080.090.090.170.170.180.180.160.110.100.09時(shí)段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.080.060.060.070.110.120.130.100.080.120.150.14時(shí)段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.110.130.190.140.090.110.130.110.080.080.090.09時(shí)段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.130.090.110.090.100.130.150.230.240.250.190.16時(shí)段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.100.110.070.080.130.210.260.220.220.210.280.33時(shí)段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.320.330.430.520.430.660.630.570.450.580.620.53時(shí)段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%0.450.410.440.560.650.611.050.981.020.820.820.76時(shí)段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.801.011.020.771.031.141.832.072.132.282.014.79時(shí)段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%1.861.981.711.981.881.481.150.810.900.940.960.86時(shí)段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.950.890.660.540.550.680.690.710.630.560.670.56時(shí)段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.480.590.560.500.360.400.440.450.420.430.400.31時(shí)段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.340.470.440.440.390.360.430.410.420.460.450.48時(shí)段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.450.460.430.490.360.190.230.300.360.330.230.28時(shí)段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.300.390.320.310.280.210.230.220.260.240.250.30時(shí)段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.320.300.150.130.210.190.190.130.130.180.210.21時(shí)段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.270.200.210.170.160.160.170.150.140.120.110.09時(shí)段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.140.120.160.140.120.160.150.160.150.140.150.13時(shí)段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.130.120.110.130.110.120.100.100.120.130.090.09時(shí)段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.090.080.090.130.110.110.090.090.090.110.090.07時(shí)段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.080.070.060.050.090.090.100.110.080.070.080.10時(shí)段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.080.090.090.070.050.070.050.080.070.090.080.25表D.0.3-2524小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)暴雨過(guò)程附錄E自記紙降雨記錄資料處理E.0.1對(duì)以自記紙形式保存的歷史降雨自記記錄資料，推薦使用中國(guó)氣象局組織編制的“降雨自記紙彩色掃描數(shù)字化處理系統(tǒng)”進(jìn)行數(shù)字化處理。該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)掃描、圖像處理、數(shù)據(jù)處理，將氣象站降雨自記紙圖像進(jìn)行數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)換，成為逐分鐘降雨量，并需要經(jīng)人工審核或修正后，錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。附錄F暴雨強(qiáng)度公式編制和設(shè)計(jì)暴雨雨型的有效數(shù)字F.0.1可參照《數(shù)值修約規(guī)則與極限數(shù)值的表示和判定》GB/T8170-2008的要求，合理修約并保留有效數(shù)字。一般地，降雨歷時(shí)以分鐘（min）計(jì)，取整數(shù)；降雨量以（mm）計(jì)，保留2位小數(shù)；降雨強(qiáng)度，如5分鐘降雨強(qiáng)度以（mm/5min）計(jì)，保留2位小數(shù)；暴雨重現(xiàn)期以年（a）計(jì)，取整數(shù)。經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù)A1保留3位小數(shù)；經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù)c保留3位小數(shù)；經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù)b保留1位小數(shù)；經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù)n保留3位小數(shù)。附錄G山地城市非金屬管道排水最大流速試驗(yàn)成果G.0.1管材的選擇關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)的抗沖刷能力，抗沖刷能力與管道內(nèi)流速密切相關(guān)。目前對(duì)管道抗沖刷能力的研究較少，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行《室外排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GB50014）中對(duì)管道最大設(shè)計(jì)流速的規(guī)定較籠統(tǒng)，不同管材的抗沖刷能力存在差異，最大設(shè)計(jì)流速的規(guī)定也應(yīng)有所區(qū)分，以更好的發(fā)揮新型管材的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本課題重點(diǎn)研究塑膠管道的耐沖刷能力與相關(guān)水力參數(shù)（流速等）的關(guān)系。為山地城市排水系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和管理維護(hù)提供技術(shù)參考，提高山地城市排水系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率。G.0.2幾種材質(zhì)滾動(dòng)磨損試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下：表G.0.2雙壁波紋管、HDPE壓力管、鋼管、玻璃鋼夾砂管、混凝土管不同旋轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)下的磨損量（mm）項(xiàng)目40萬(wàn)次60萬(wàn)次80萬(wàn)次100萬(wàn)次鋼管0.0120.0240.0610.061夾砂管0.0120.0240.0690.090HDPE管0.0410.0920.1270.148雙壁波紋管0.0420.0830.1190.147混凝土管0.4000.5100.6350.765圖G.0.2顯示，隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)增加，五種管材的磨損值隨旋轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)均呈線性增加，在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件基本相當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，100萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)水泥管磨損值為0.765mm，鋼管0.0616mm（表1），四種管材的耐磨性能依次為：鋼管>玻璃鋼夾管>雙壁波紋管>HDPE壓力管>鋼筋混凝土管。圖G.0.2五種管道磨損情況G.0.3數(shù)據(jù)分析過(guò)程如下：1思路現(xiàn)有規(guī)定鋼管最大設(shè)計(jì)流速10m/s,水泥管最大流速5m/s,據(jù)試驗(yàn)表明，鋼管磨損量最小，水泥管磨損量最大，以鋼管最大流速為上限，水泥管最大流速為下限，相對(duì)應(yīng)磨損值為參數(shù)擬合曲線，計(jì)算出其他材質(zhì)對(duì)應(yīng)條件下磨損值的設(shè)計(jì)流速；以HDPE管沖刷數(shù)據(jù)及降雨統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。2內(nèi)插計(jì)算幾種塑膠管道設(shè)計(jì)流速根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，以鋼管的最大流速為上限，鋼筋混凝土的流速為下限，假定流速(x值)分別為5.0m/s和10m/s試驗(yàn)中鋼筋混凝土管和鋼管旋轉(zhuǎn)100萬(wàn)次80萬(wàn)次60萬(wàn)次后的磨損值作為對(duì)應(yīng)的y值得到以下方程。K=-0.140V+1.468（100萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)）（G.0.3-1）K=-0.114V+1.208（80萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)）（G.0.3-2）K=-0.097V+0.996（60萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)）（G.0.3-2）式中：V——流速，m/s；K——管道磨損值，mm。將HDPE管壓力管和雙壁波紋管旋轉(zhuǎn)100萬(wàn)次，80萬(wàn)次，60萬(wàn)次后的磨損量代入到對(duì)應(yīng)的擬合方程中得到不同材質(zhì)管道的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速見(jiàn)表G.0.3-1。表G.0.3-1不同旋轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)下各種管材的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速擬合計(jì)算結(jié)果項(xiàng)目鋼管玻璃鋼夾砂HDPE壓力管雙壁波紋管混凝土100萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)10m/s9.85m/s9.42m/s9.43m/s5m/s80萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)10m/s9.99m/s9.49m/s9.55m/s5m/s60萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn)10m/s10m/s9.32m/s9.41m/s5m/s3HDPE壓力管最大設(shè)計(jì)流速驗(yàn)證通過(guò)滾筒在相同工況下對(duì)幾種管材進(jìn)行模擬沖刷磨損試驗(yàn)，內(nèi)插法計(jì)算出幾種塑膠管道最大設(shè)計(jì)流速均大于9m/s，故沖刷試驗(yàn)最大設(shè)計(jì)流速按照9m/s設(shè)定驗(yàn)證。試驗(yàn)的過(guò)程中通過(guò)流量計(jì)來(lái)檢測(cè)管道流速，流量計(jì)的實(shí)際過(guò)水內(nèi)經(jīng)為100mm，流速約2.54m/s，以此換算出DN63，DN75，DN90（以實(shí)際內(nèi)徑計(jì)）的流速分別為9.0m/s，6.4m/s，4.5m/s。沖刷驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如表G.0.3-2、圖G.0.3，不同沖刷流速條件下，磨損值與沖刷時(shí)間呈線性增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。1000h時(shí)，9m/s流速條件下磨損量約0.24mm。綜合三種不同流速的磨損值，可以推斷磨損值的大小與管道流速成線性正比，且流速越大磨損值增加越明顯，說(shuō)明流速是管道磨損的重要因素。圖G.0.3HDPE管沖刷試驗(yàn)?zāi)p情況表G.0.3-2不同流速的水流隨沖刷時(shí)間變化對(duì)管壁沖刷情況統(tǒng)計(jì)9.0m/s6.4m/s4.5m/s100h0.0130.00820.004200h0.0330.0160.009300h0.0610.0250.017400h0.0890.0340.029500h0.1170.0430.038600h0.1430.0590.051700h0.170.0780.060800h0.1940.0950.069900h0.2050.1110.0741000h0.2390.1160.0904不同流速對(duì)管道的磨損計(jì)算HDPE壓力管材在沖刷100h、200h、300h、400h、500h、600h、700h、800h、900h、1000h后的管道平均磨損值見(jiàn)表G.0.3-3。表G.0.3-3HDPE壓力管道沖刷磨損值表1m/s2m/s3m/s4m/s5m/s6m/s7m/s8m/s9m/s100h0.000450.001210.002230.003510.005050.006850.008910.011230.01381200h0.000550.001810.003870.006730.010390.014850.020110.026170.03303300h0.000560.002240.005540.010460.0170.025160.034940.046340.05936400h0.001770.004610.009650.016890.026330.037970.051810.067850.08609500h0.002090.005560.012010.021440.033850.049240.067610.088960.11329600h0.004680.010670.019740.031890.047120.065430.086820.111290.13884700h0.006320.014490.026040.040970.059280.080970.106040.134490.16632800h0.00810.018410.03230.049770.070820.095450.123660.155450.19082900h0.010150.02280.038730.057940.080430.10620.135250.167580.203191000h0.011330.024740.042270.063920.089690.119580.153590.191720.23397將上表的數(shù)據(jù)按流速-時(shí)間擬合得到不同流速下時(shí)間和沖刷量的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系曲線。根據(jù)重慶市2004年至2014年十年的降雨統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，利用InforworksICM軟件，統(tǒng)計(jì)不同流速的時(shí)間分布，在設(shè)計(jì)最大流速為9m/s時(shí)，帶入擬合方程中得出相應(yīng)的十年沖刷磨損量，按照設(shè)計(jì)使用年限50年，計(jì)算結(jié)果如表G.0.3-4所示。表G.0.3-4HDPE壓力管道五十年沖刷磨損值統(tǒng)計(jì)表流速時(shí)間min10年降雨（h）50年降雨（h）計(jì)算方程磨損量8≤v＜91502.50012.500y=0.00013810x

R2=1.000000000.001737≤v＜885014.16770.833y=0.0001992x-0.0086100

R2=0.995807810.005506≤v＜7142523.750118.750y=0.0001601x-0.0083495

R2=0.994236660.010665≤v＜6293548.917244.583y=0.0001251x-0.0078536

R2=0.990649280.022754≤v＜56230103.833519.167y=0.0000942x-0.0071222

R2=0.983966200.041803≤v＜417305288.4171442.083y=0.0000675x-0.0061554

R2=0.972621190.045842≤v＜340805680.0833400.417y=0.0000448x-0.0049531

R2=0.954691360.147651≤v＜21017051695.0838475.417y=0.0000264x-0.0035154

R2=0.929768790.220230＜v＜1411723568620.583343102.917y=0.0000120x-0.0018422

R2=0.913458684.13020v=096777016129.500合計(jì)4.62635G.0.4試驗(yàn)結(jié)論如下：1擬合計(jì)算玻璃鋼夾砂管的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為9.85m/s.2擬合計(jì)算HDPE壓力管的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為9.42m/s.3擬合計(jì)算雙壁波紋管的最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為9.44m/s.4沖刷試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證結(jié)果顯示，在重慶地區(qū)50年使用期限內(nèi)，HDPE壓力管道的設(shè)計(jì)流速為9m/s時(shí)，沖刷磨損量為4.62mm，磨損率為50.21%，管道結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有因?yàn)闆_刷磨損而破壞。G.0.5相關(guān)建議如下：本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果在為期一年時(shí)間試驗(yàn)中所得數(shù)據(jù)推導(dǎo)完成，塑膠管道在實(shí)際使用中，應(yīng)考慮老化及長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)，建議塑膠管道最大設(shè)計(jì)流速為8m/s。本研究同重慶大學(xué)姜文超教授試驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致，塑膠管道最大設(shè)計(jì)流速8m/s。2006年重慶市政委文件（渝市政委[2006]178號(hào)）《關(guān)于統(tǒng)一主城排水工程三級(jí)管網(wǎng)改造建設(shè)初步設(shè)計(jì)及技術(shù)措施的通知》中將HDPE雙壁波紋管或其他復(fù)合材料管最大設(shè)計(jì)流速提升至7.5m/s，至今運(yùn)行近10年，并未出現(xiàn)安全問(wèn)題，為此次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)塑膠管道流速的修訂提供了重要支撐。附錄H管道的綜合性能比較表H管道的綜合性能比較管材類(lèi)型PPHM雙壁波紋管熱態(tài)纏繞結(jié)構(gòu)壁管鋼管PE鋼帶增強(qiáng)波紋管PE雙壁波紋管鋼筋混凝土管玻璃鋼夾砂管執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Q/ZGD06-2013埋地用高強(qiáng)度聚丙烯(PP-HM)雙壁波紋管材GB/T19472.2-2004埋地用聚乙烯（PE）結(jié)構(gòu)壁管道系統(tǒng)第2部分：聚乙烯纏繞結(jié)構(gòu)壁管材GB/T23257-2009埋地鋼制管道聚乙烯防腐層CJ/T225-2011埋地排水用鋼帶增強(qiáng)聚乙烯（PE）螺旋波紋管GB/T19472.1-2004埋地用聚乙烯（PE）結(jié)構(gòu)壁管道系統(tǒng)第1部分：聚乙烯雙壁波紋管材GB/T11836-2009《混凝土和鋼筋混凝土排水管》GB/T21238-2007《玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)塑料夾砂管》使用壽命更長(zhǎng)（約50年~100年）更長(zhǎng)（約50年~100年）短（約30年，具體使用壽命與防腐等級(jí)相關(guān)性大）長(zhǎng)（約50年）長(zhǎng)（約50年）長(zhǎng)（約50年）長(zhǎng)（約50年）抗?jié)B性強(qiáng)強(qiáng)較強(qiáng)強(qiáng)較強(qiáng)較弱強(qiáng)粗糙度(n值)0.009~0.011（0.01）10.009~0.011（0.01）0.0120.009~0.011（0.01）0.009~0.011（0.01）0.013~0.014（0.014）0.009~0.011（0.01）耐腐蝕性不易被腐蝕，抗酸堿腐蝕能力強(qiáng)不易被腐蝕，抗酸堿腐蝕能力強(qiáng)耐酸堿腐蝕能力較弱，產(chǎn)生泄露造成地下水污染耐腐蝕，抗酸堿能力強(qiáng)不易被腐蝕，抗酸堿腐蝕能力強(qiáng)耐酸堿能力不強(qiáng)，保護(hù)層腐蝕引起鋼筋銹蝕，接口處易泄露造成污染較好衛(wèi)生性?xún)?yōu)優(yōu)一般好好差一般承受外壓較易變形，埋深需較大環(huán)剛度可埋深，承受較大外壓可埋深，承受較大外壓較易變形，埋深需較大環(huán)剛度較易變形，埋深需較大環(huán)剛度可深埋，承受較大外壓，但接口易被破壞引起滲漏較易變形，埋深需較大環(huán)剛度應(yīng)用口徑200mm~1800mm300mm-3000mm200mm~1800mm300mm~3000mm200mm~1200mm300mm~3000mm200mm~4000mm對(duì)管溝基礎(chǔ)要求較高較高較高較高較高高較高施工性節(jié)省機(jī)械費(fèi)用，連接方便，冬天施工質(zhì)量有保證節(jié)省機(jī)械費(fèi)用，連接方便，冬天施工質(zhì)量有保證材質(zhì)笨重、搬運(yùn)、施工均不方便節(jié)省機(jī)械費(fèi)用，連接方便，冬天施工質(zhì)量有保證節(jié)省機(jī)械費(fèi)用，連接方便，冬天施工質(zhì)量有保證材質(zhì)笨重、搬運(yùn)、施工均不方便，手工連接作業(yè)性差材質(zhì)較重、搬運(yùn)、施工均不方便施工方法大開(kāi)挖大開(kāi)挖大開(kāi)挖大開(kāi)挖大開(kāi)挖大開(kāi)挖、頂管大開(kāi)挖、頂管主要接口方式橡膠圈承插連接電熔承插現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊接鋼性接口、法蘭盤(pán)連接，小管徑可采用卡箍連接