2022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練 專題04 國家勛章和國家榮譽稱號（解析版）

PAGE10PAGE112022中考閱讀理解熱點話題練專題04國家勛章和國家榮譽稱號Passage1（2021·廣西玉林·中考真題）InthefightagainstCOVID-19,manynationalheroeshavebecomewell-knowntothepublic.OnAugust11,2020,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcommended（表彰）fourofthemfortheiroutstandingcontribution（杰出的貢獻）.ZhongNanshanwasgiventheMedaloftheRepublic（共和國勛章）.HehasbeenleadingtheChinesegovernment’seffortsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.TheoldexpertgotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.“ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.TheyareZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei.ZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）expert.Hehasbeeninchargeof（負責(zé)）theresearchofCOVID-19treatments（治療）connectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.However,hechosetostaywithhispartnersinWuhantosavelives.ChenWeiisaprofessor.ShehasmadegreatachievementsintheresearchonCOVID-19.SheisalsooneofthekeyleadersinChina’sEbolavaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.Thepurposeofgivingthenation’stophonorstothesepeoplewastoshowthegreatcourageandthespiritofworkingtogetheroftheChinesepeople.1．Howmanypeoplewasgiven“thePeople’sHero”byChinesePresidentXiJinping?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.2．Whogotanillnessin2018accordingtothepassage?A．ZhongNanshan. B．ZhangBoli. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.3．Whichofthefollowingisrightinthepassage?A．ChenWeiistheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospital.B．ZhangDingyuisatraditionalChinesemedicineexpert.C．ZhongNanshangotaresultthatCOVID-19couldnotbespreadbetweenhumans.D．ZhangBolihasbeeninchargeoftheresearchconnectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.1．C2．C3．D【分析】文章介紹了在與COVID-19的戰(zhàn)斗中，涌現(xiàn)出了許多民族英雄，其中四位杰出的貢獻者受到了國家主席的表彰。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)““ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.”可知，“人民英雄”的稱號送給另外三個人，故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.”可知，張定于在2018年生病了，故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）expert.Hehasbeeninchargeof（負責(zé)）theresearchofCOVID-19treatments（治療）connectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.”可知，張伯禮負責(zé)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合的研究。故選D。Passage2（2021·遼寧錦州·一模）單項選擇，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從各題的四個選項中選擇一個最佳答案。OnSept.8,2020,PresidentXiJinpingpresentsmedalstotherecipient（接受者）oftheMedaloftheRepublic（共和國勛章）ZhongNanshan,andrecipientsofthenationalhonorary（榮譽的）title“thePeople’sHero,”ZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei,atameetingcommending（表彰）rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemic（流行?。゛ttheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.ZhongNanshanisoneofthem.HeledhisteamtoWuhantofightagainsttheillness.HemadetheimportantdecisiontocutoffWuhanfromothercitiestostopthevirus.Thankstohim,thediseaseisundercontroldaybyday.“Wearingthisuniform,Ishoulddoeverythingforthecountry,”saidChenWei,akeyfigurebehindthevaccine（疫苗）.ShemadegreatachievementsinCOVID-19relatedbasicresearchanddevelopmentofvaccineandprotectivemedicine.ZhangDingyu,headofWuhanJinyintanHospital,learnedthathiswifewasinfected（感染）withCOVID-19,buthestillfoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicformorethan30days.Andheledthemedicalteamtotreatthousandsofpatients.Althoughpeoplehavedifferentpositions,industries,abilitiesandlevels,theycancreategreatachievementsincommonpositions.That’sbecausetheyhaveheroic（英雄的）dreamsanddoheroicdeeds.Everyoneadmiresahero.TheheroicChinesepeoplewillsurelycreatenewerandgreaterChinesemiracles（奇跡）.4．Whohasbeengiventhe“theMedaloftheRepublic”byPresidentXi?A．ZhangBoli. B．ZhongNanshan. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutZhangDingyu?A．HissonwasinfectedwithCOVID-19.B．Hefoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicforover300days.C．Hismedicalteamsavedthousandsofpatients.D．Thisyear,heiseighty-fouryearsold6．Accordingtothepassage,therecipientsarehonoredbecausetheyareall_________.A．rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemicB．makinggreatachievementsinscienceC．keyfiguresbehindthevaccineD．developingvaccineandprotectivemedicinein20207．Accordingtothepassage,whatmainlymakescommonpeoplecreategreatachievements?A．Highpositions. B．Goodabilitiesandhighlevels.C．Greatfeelings. D．Heroicdreamsandheroicdeeds.8．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．China’sGreatAchievements B．DevelopmentofVaccineC．TheHeroicDreamsofPeopleD．GivetheEpidemicHeroesThumb（大拇指）up4．B5．C6．A7．D8．D【分析】本文主要歌頌了疫情期間對國家和人民所做出貢獻的那些醫(yī)護人員。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnSept.8,2020,PresidentXiJinpingpresentsmedalstotherecipient（接受者）oftheMedaloftheRepublic（共和國勛章）ZhongNanshan”可知，鐘南山獲得了共和國勛章，故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Andheledthemedicalteamtotreatthousandsofpatients”可知，他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團隊救治了成千上萬的病人，C表述正確，故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“…atameetingcommending（表彰）rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemic（流行?。゛ttheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing”可知，因為他們都是抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的楷模，故選A。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“That’sbecausetheyhaveheroic（英雄的）dreamsanddoheroicdeeds”可知，那是因為他們有英雄的夢想，有英雄的事跡，故選D。8．最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文可知，本文主要歌頌了疫情期間對國家和人民所做出貢獻的那些醫(yī)護人員，所以D選項“給疫情英雄點贊”符合本文標(biāo)題，故選D。Passage3（2021·廣東·廣州華聯(lián)外語實驗學(xué)校一模）ChinesehighschoolheadmasterZhangGuimeihasbeenhonoredwiththetitle“RoleModeloftheTimes”inrecognitionofherdedicationtoeducationforgirls.WiththesupportofthePartyandthegovernment,shehelpedsetupthecountry’sfirstseniorhighschooltoofferfreeeducationforgirlsfrompoorfamilies.Sinceitopenedin2008,ithasseenmorethan1,800studentsprogresstouniversitiesandcolleges.About20yearsago,whileonthewaytovisitastudent’shouse,ZhangGuimei,noticedagirlsittingonthehillside.Shewasstaringblanklyintospace.The13-year-oldgirltoldZhangshewasabouttogetmarriedanditwasarrangedbyherparents.“ButIwanttogotoschool,”thegirlsaid.Zhangwenttoherhouseandtriedtopersuadeherparentstoletthegirlreturntoschoolandpromisedtopayforhertuitionherself.However,theydidn’tagree.TheexperiencepersuadedZhangtobuildafreehighschoolforgirls,aimingtohelpgirlsfrompoorfamiliestogetfreehighschooleducation.Afteryearstryingtoraisemoney,in2008,HuapingHighSchoolforGirls,afreepublichighschool,wassetupatthefootoftheShiziMountaininHuaping,whereZhangistheprincipal.Overtheyears,Zhangwalkedthousandsofkilometers,visitingstudents’familiesinthedeepmountain,talkingtovillagers,persuadinggirlstogobacktoschool.Ithasbeenworthit.Morethan1,800graduateshavebeenadmittedtocollege,whichisregardeda"miracle"intheremotearea,asmoststudentsdidn’tperformwellinstudybeforetheschoolwassetup.Zhangsaysshewantschildrenfromthemountaintoattendthebestuniversities.ZhangGuimeitoldthemediaagirlcaninfluencethreegenerations."Aneducated,responsiblemotherwillnotletherchildrendropoutofschool,"shesays,addingthegoalistopreventpovertyfrompassingdownfromgenerationtogeneration.Zhanghaschangedthelivesofthesegirlsbyenablingthemtopursueeducationandpreventingpovertyfrombeingpassedontothenextgeneration,accordingtoastatementissuedbythedepartment.9．Whenwasthecounty’sfirstfreehighschoolforgirlssetup?A．In2001. B．In2008. C．In2010. D．In2020.10．Whichofthefollowingwordshasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedword"principal"inparagraph4?A．Teacher. B．Doctor. C．Headmaster. D．Rolemodel.11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Zhangwashonoredwiththetitlebecauseofherdedicationtofreeeducationforboys.B．Since2008,thehighschoolhassucceededinsendingmorethan1800girlstocolleges.C．Zhangvisitedmanystudents’familiestopersuadethegirlstoreturntoschool.D．Zhangbelievedthatawell-educatedmothercanbenefitafamilyalot.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoChangetheLivesofGirlsinPoorAreasB．ZhangGuimei’sTeachingExperienceinYunnanC．HowtoSetupaFreeHighSchoolforGirlsD．ZhangGuimei-ARoleModeloftheTimes9．B10．C11．A12．D【分析】這篇短語主要講述了中國中學(xué)校長張桂梅被授予“時代楷?！狈Q號，以表彰她對女童教育的奉獻。并介紹了她的事跡。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Afteryearstryingtoraisemoney,in2008,HuapingHighSchoolforGirls,afreepublichighschool,wassetupatthefootoftheShiziMountaininHuaping,whereZhangistheprincipal.”可知，該縣第一所免費女子高中是2018年建立的。故選B10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“ChinesehighschoolheadmasterZhangGuimeihasbeenhonoredwiththetitle"RoleModeloftheTimes"inrecognitionofherdedicationtoeducationforgirls.”可知，此處是張桂梅是這個學(xué)校的校長。此處principal的意思是校長，相當(dāng)于headmaster。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“ChinesehighschoolheadmasterZhangGuimeihasbeenhonoredwiththetitle“RoleModeloftheTimes”inrecognitionofherdedicationtoeducationforgirls”可知，這個是表彰她對女童教育事業(yè)的貢獻。選項A是錯誤的。故選A。12．標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀整篇可知，這篇短文主要講述了中國中學(xué)校長張桂梅被授予“時代楷模”稱號。選項D符合題意，故選D。Passage4（2021·福建永定·三模）“Purelove,onlyforthecountry”—thisisasentencefromthediaryofChenXiangrong,a19-year-oldChinesesoldierwhowasstationedattheborderofGalwanValley.Unfortunately,Chendiedduringaborderclash（邊境沖突）betweenChineseandIndiantroopsinJune2020.LastJune,IndiansoldiersillegallycrossedtotheChinesesideoftheGalwanValleyandsetuptents,whichforcedtheChinesetroopstoreact,Xinhuasaid.RegimentalcommanderQiFabao,41,ledseveralofhissoldierstonegotiate（協(xié)商）withtheIndianside.However,theywerethenattackedbyIndiansoldierswithsteelpipesandrocks.ChenHongjun,33,ChenXiangrong,19,WangZhuoran,24andXiaoSiyuan,24,diedduringtheclash.Qiwastheonlyoneleftalive,butwasseriouslyinjured.ItwasthefirsttimetheChinesemilitaryhasmadepublicthenumberofdeaths,thenamesofthefallensoldiersanddetailssincetheclashhappened.AccordingtoDefenseMinistryspokesmanWuQian,responsibilityfortheGalwanValleyclashfallsonIndia.OnFeb.19,theCentralMilitaryCommission（CMC）honoredthetwoofficersandthreesoldiersfordefendingtheborder.Fourofthemreceivedawardsafterdeath.Theawardsincludehonorarytitlesandfirst-classmerit.InChina,anhonorarytitleisthehighestawardgiventoaservicememberinmilitary.Afirst-classmeritissecond-highest.Thecountryhasalsoofferedpensions（撫恤金）tothefourmartyrs’families.Ateamwillstayintouchwiththefamilymembersandhelpthemifneeded.Themartyrs’childrenwillalsogetextrapointsonthegaokao.13．Purelove,onlyforthecountrycomesfrom________.A．a(chǎn)bookofChenXiangrong B．a(chǎn)diaryofChenXiangrongC．a(chǎn)bookofQiFabao D．a(chǎn)diaryofQiFabao14．________wasbadlywoundedduringtheborderclash.A．ChenHongjun B．WangZhuora C．QiFabao D．XiaoSiyuan15．Theborderclashhappenedbecause________.A．a(chǎn)Chinesesoldierdied B．IndiansoldierslostmanytentsC．Chinesetroopsweretraininginthevalley D．Indiansoldiersillegallycrossedtheborder16．WhatdidtheChinesesoldiersplantodoatfirst?A．FighttheIndiansoldierswithrocks. B．Maketheclashpublic.C．Dealwiththeclashpeacefully. D．HelpinjuredIndiansoldiers.17．Whatdoweknowfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Chinahasshowngreatrespectforthefourmartyrs.B．Thefourmartyrshadreceivedhonorarytitlesbeforedeath.C．Themartyrs’familiesreceiveddonationsfromaroundthecountry.D．Themartyrs’childrencangotoanyofChina’stopuniversities.13．B14．C15．D16．C17．A【分析】本文講述了加勒萬河谷中印沖突及在沖突中犧牲的中國四位戰(zhàn)士，國家對四位戰(zhàn)士進行了表彰以及對四位烈士家屬的待遇。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句““Purelove,onlyforthecountry”—thisisasentencefromthediaryofChenXiangrong,…”可知，“Purelove,onlyforthecountry”這句話來自陳向榮的日記；故選B。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段最后一句“Qiwastheonlyoneleftalive,butwasseriouslyinjured.”可知齊法寶在邊境沖突中受了重傷。故選C。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段“LastJune,IndiansoldiersillegallycrossedtotheChinesesideoftheGalwanValleyandsetuptents,whichforcedtheChinesetroopstoreact,Xinhuasaid.”可知，邊境沖突發(fā)生是因為印度士兵非法越境。故選D。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段第1句“RegimentalcommanderQiFabao,41,ledseveralofhissoldierstonegotiate（協(xié)商）withtheIndianside.”可知，中國士兵一開始打算和平處理沖突。故選C。17．主旨大意題。最后三段講述了中央軍委對中印沖突中犧牲的官兵進行表彰以及對四烈士家屬的待遇。表明了中國對這四位烈士表示了極大的敬意。故選A。Passage5（2020·廣東順德·三模）Nationalmedalsandhonorarytitles(榮譽稱號)areusuallyawardedeveryfiveyears.Asapartofthecelebrationofthe70thanniversary(周年)ofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC．),PresidentXiJinpingawarded42peopletheMedaloftheRepublic,theFriendshipMedalandnationalhonorarytitles.Theycomefromdifferentbackgrounds,includingscientists,lawmakers,educators,artists,modelworkersandsixnon-Chinesepeople.Allhavemadebigcontributionstothenation'sconstructionanddevelopment.Herearesomeofthepeoplewe'llknow.ChinesescientistTuYouyouisoneoftheeightwhowereawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.Tu,whowonthe2015NobelPrizeforherdiscoveryofthemalariadrugartemisinin(抗瘧藥物青蒿素),isthefirstChinesecitizentowinaNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Shehassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide.Shehasalsomadeimportantscientificinnovations(創(chuàng)新)intraditionalChinesemedicine.Tuisnottheonlyonewhohasgivenherlifetothecountry'sdevelopment.NanRendong,beforehisdeathin2017,ledtheresearchanddevelopmentofChina'sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(FAST,500米口徑球面斑電望遠鏡),theworld'slargestradiotelescope.Heworkedontheprojectformorethan20years.HiscontributionstoChineseastronomyearnedhimthetitle,“thepeople'sscientist".Thankstothegreateffortsmadebythesegreatpeople,wecanliveinapeacefulcountry.18．__________peoplewontheMedaloftheRepublicaccordingtothepassage.A．5 B．6 C．8 D．4219．Peopleofdifferentbackgroundsbelowarementionedinthearticleexcept____________.A．doctors B．a(chǎn)rtists C．scientists D．foreigners20．WhatdoweknowaboutTuYouyou?A．ShewonaNobelPrizein2017.B．Shehassavedmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.C．SheistheonlywomanfortheMedaloftheRepublic.D．ShehasmadetraditionalChinesemedicineenterallthecountries.21．Theunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph“astronomy"meansA．氣象學(xué) B．天文學(xué) C．地質(zhì)學(xué) D．軍事學(xué)22．Themainpurposeofthepassageis_______________.A．toexpressthankstonationalheroesB．todescribehowtogetthenationalhonorarytitlesC．totellreaderswhatmakesagoodrolemodel(榜樣)D．tointroducesomeofthepeoplewhowonnationalawards18．C19．A20．B21．B22．A【分析】本文是一篇新聞類閱讀，主要介紹了以屠呦呦和南仁東為代表的科學(xué)家、教育家、藝術(shù)家等對國家的建設(shè)和發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻，他們被授予共和國獎?wù)?、友誼勛章和國家榮譽等稱號，他們是時代的偉人，是民族的英雄。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ChinesescientistTuYouyouisoneoftheeightwhowereawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic”可知，一共有八人獲得了共和國勛章。故選C。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theycomefromdifferentbackgrounds,includingscientists,lawmakers,educators,artists,modelworkersandsixnon-Chinesepeople.”可知，文中提到了科學(xué)家、立法者、教育家、藝術(shù)家、勞模和6位非華裔人士，唯獨沒有提到醫(yī)生。故選A。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Shehassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide.”可知，屠呦呦拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬人的生命。故選B。21．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“NanRendong…Five-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(FAST,500米口徑球面斑電望遠鏡),theworld'slargestradiotelescope.”可知，南仁東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研制了世界上最大的射電望遠鏡，故他對中國天文學(xué)作了巨大的貢獻，故劃線部分astronomy意為“天文學(xué)”。故選B。22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thankstothegreateffortsmadebythesegreatpeople,wecanliveinapeacefulcountry.”可知，本文介紹了為中國的建設(shè)和發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻的科學(xué)家、教育家等時代的偉人，意在表達對這些民族英雄的感謝。故選A。Passage6（2020·廣東羅湖·二模）ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)celebratedits70thfoundinganniversaryin2019.Overthepastdecades,manypeoplehavemadegreatcontributionstothecountry'sdevelopment,helpingitgrowthroughtheirhardwork.On17September2019,aheadofNationalDayon1October,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsignedapresidentialdecree(主席令)toawardnationalmedalsandhonorarytitlesto42ofthesecontributors,includingbothChinesecitizensandforeigners.Nowlet'slearnfourrecipients(接受者)oftheMedaloftheRepublic.ShenJilan(1929—;DeputytotheNPC)Shen,afarmer,isalifelonglawmaker.In1954,shebecameadeputytotheNationalPeople’sCongress(全國人民代表大會代表).Sincethen,shehasservedatall13NPCs.Shecameupwiththeideaofequalworkbetweenmenandwomen.TheideawaswrittenintoChina’sfirstconstitution(憲法)in1954.SunJiadong(1929—;Aerospaceengineer)SunmadegreatcontributionstowarddevelopingChinesesatellitetechnologyandspaceexploration.HewaschiefdesignerofboththeBeidounavigation(導(dǎo)航)systemandChina’slunarexplorationproject.YuanLongping(1930—;Fatherofhybridrice)Yuandevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.Hewasthefirstpersonintheworldtodevelopahybridricestrain(雜交水稻品種).Hisresearchonhigherriceyields(產(chǎn)量)helpsfighthungerinChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.TuYouyou(1930—;Scientist)TuisknownforwinningtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.ShegotinspirationfromtraditionalChinesemedicinetheoriesanddiscoveredartemisinin(青蒿素),amedicinethatcanbeusedtotreatmalaria(瘧疾).Herfindinghassavedthelivesofmillions.23．Amongallof