2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題強化練十主旨大意題-段落大意題

專題強化練（十）主旨大意題——段落大意題A(2024·江門一模)It'sunlikelythatwe'llseeadodo,aflightlessbird,walkingthisearthanytimeagain,accordingtoBethShapiro,anevolutionarymolecularbiologist.“Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutde-extinction,they'reimaginingcloning，”Shapirosaid.Cloning,theapproachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,createsanidenticalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhichthenucleus(細(xì)胞核)hasbeenremoved.AdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.EggcellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcells—skin,organs,bloodandbones—theanimalneeds.“Butnolivingcellsfromdodosexist.Instead，”Shapirosaid，“you'dhavetostartwithacloselyrelatedanimal'sgenome(基因組)andthenchangeitintoonesimilartododos.”Forexample,mammoths(猛犸象)arealsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelatedtomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobringmammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatingahybridmammothwithsomemammothgenesreplacingpartoftheelephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthegenomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammothaccordingtoShapiro.Asforthedodo,itsclosestlivingrelativeistheNicobarpigeon.MammothsandAsianelephantsareprettycloselyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssincethedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadanycommonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,makingitaformidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.Evenifscientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwheretheyoncelivedisaverydifferentplacenowadays,whichmakesitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorintervention.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了進化分子生物學(xué)家貝絲·夏皮羅對復(fù)活渡渡鳥持消極的態(tài)度。1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．ThespecialroleofDNA．B．Theprocessofcloning.C．Thedevelopmentofcloning.D．Thecomplexityofcloning.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了克隆的步驟。2．WhatdoesShapirowanttoshowbytheexampleofmammoths?A．Dodosarehardertobringbacktolife.B．Theirlivingcellsarehardtopreserve.C．Cloningcanbeusedtorecreateextinctanimals.D．TheyshareasimilargenomewithAsianelephants.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferences...accordingtoShapiro.”可知，要利用亞洲象來復(fù)活猛犸象是非常困難的；并結(jié)合第四段第二、第三句可知，渡渡鳥和尼科巴鴿子的差異遠比猛犸象和亞洲象的差異大得多，所以復(fù)活難度會更大。由此可推知，夏皮羅想通過猛犸象的例子說明渡渡鳥比猛犸象更難復(fù)活。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“formidable”meaninparagraph4?A．Urgent. B．Possible.C．Tough. D．Different.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater”可知，渡渡鳥和尼科巴鴿子差異非常大，由此可推知，復(fù)活渡渡鳥是艱巨的任務(wù)，畫線詞與tough意思相近，意為“艱難的”。4．WhatisShapiro'sattitudetowardstherebirthofdodos?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Objective. D．Negative.D觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了復(fù)活渡渡鳥的種種困難，由此可推知，夏皮羅對復(fù)活渡渡鳥持消極的態(tài)度。B(2024·株洲一模)SittingatthetopofamountainonLaGomeraIsland,Antonioissuedaninvitationtothreevisitinghikersinthedistance—“Comeoverhere.We'regoingtotreatyoutolunch.”—withoutspeakingword：Hewhistled(吹口哨)it.Antonio,71,saidinhisyouth,whennativesratherthantouristswalkedtherockyfootpathsofhisisland,hisnewswouldhavebeengreetedrightawaybyarespondingwhistle,loudandclear.Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andtheycontinuedtheirjourney.AntonioisaproudguardianofLaGomera'swhistlinglanguage,whichhecalled“thepoetryofmyisland”.Headded，“Likepoetry,whistlingdoesnotneedtobeusefulinordertobespecialandbeautiful.”Thelanguage,officiallyknownasSilboGomero,replaceswrittenletterswithwhistledsoundsthatvarybypitch(高音)andlength.Unfortunately,therearefewerwhistlesthanSpanishletters,soasoundcanhavemultiplemeanings,causingmisunderstandings.Withitsdistinctgeography,it'seasytoseewhywhistlingcameintoexistenceonLaGomera.Onmostoftheisland,deepvalleysrunfromhighpeaksdowntotheocean,andplentyoftimeandeffortarerequiredtotravelevenashortdistanceoverland.Whistlingdevelopedasagoodalternativewaytodeliveramessage,withitssoundcarryingfartherthanshouting—asmuchastwomilesacrosssomevalleyswithfavorablewindconditions.In2009,theisland'slanguagewasaddedbyUNESCOtoitslistoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Butwithwhistlingnolongeressentialforcommunication,SilboGomero'ssurvivalmostlyreliesona1999lawthathasmadeteachingitanecessarypartofLaGomera'sschoolcourses.ErinGerhards,alocalgirlkeentoimproveherwhistling,said，“Whistlingisawaytohonorthepeoplethatlivedhereinthepastandtorememberwedidn'tstartwithtechnologybutsimplebeginnings.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了拉戈梅拉島哨語。5．HowdidthehikersreacttoAntonio'sinvitation?A．Theyignoredit.B．Theywavedtheirhands.C．Theywhistledback.D．Theystoppedsuddenly.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andtheycontinuedtheirjourney.”可知，徒步旅行者無視了安東尼奧的邀請。6．WhyisLaGomera'swhistlinglanguagelikelytobemisinterpreted?A．Becauseitisaformofpoetry.B．Becausethesamesoundcarriesdifferentmeanings.C．Becauseitisn'tusefulinlife.D．Becauseitssoundsincludevariouspitchesandlengths.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，因為哨音的數(shù)量比西班牙字母要少，所以一個聲音可能有多種含義，從而導(dǎo)致誤解。7．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThetouristattractionsofLaGomera.B．ThegeographicfeaturesofLaGomera.C．Thereasonforwhistling'suseonLaGomera.D．Thecomparisonbetweenwhistlingandshouting.C段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要講述了在拉戈梅拉島上使用哨語的原因。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A．Erinfiguresouthowislanderslivedbefore.B．SilboGomeroistaughtinLaGomera'sschools.C．TechnologyoutweighstraditionsonLaGomera.D．SilboGomeroisimportantindailyconversations.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“SilboGomero'ssurvivalmostly...schoolcourses”可知，法律規(guī)定將哨語作為拉戈梅拉學(xué)校課程的必要組成部分。由此可推知，拉戈梅拉島的學(xué)校教授哨語。C(2024·廣州三校聯(lián)考)Researchershavesuccessfullychangedthebloodtypeofadonatedhumanlungbytreatingitwithenzymes(酶),markinganimportantsteptowardsmakinguniversaldonororgans.Bloodtypesarelargelydefinedbythepresenceorabsenceofcertainsugarmolecules(分子)calledantigensonthesurfaceofcells.Thesecanoccurnotjustonthecellsoftheblooditself,butothertissues.Ifanantigenisn'trecognizedbythebody'simmunesystem,itwillmountanattackonthesecells.Thisleadstotherejectionoftransplantedorgansfromadonorwithadifferentbloodtype.Peoplewiththemostcommonbloodtype,O,lacktheseantigensontheircells,sotheirorganscanbeacceptedbypeoplewithotherbloodtypes.IfalldonororganscouldbemadetypeO,forexample,thelungsfromsomeonewithbloodtypeA,thiscouldbebeneficial.Totrythis,Cypelandhisteamusedapairofenzymesinthehumanstomachtodigestsugars.Theyfoundtheenzymescouldremove97percentoftypeAantigensinthelungsfromatypeAdonorin4hours,whichmeantthecellshadbeeneffectivelychangedtobloodtypeO.Afterthistreatment,thealteredlungswerekeptaliveusingasystemknownasex-vivolungperfusion(離體肺灌注),whichsuppliesorganswithnutritiousfluidsotheyarereadyfortransplantation.Tosimulateatransplant,Cypel'steamaddedtypeOblood,whichcontainsantibodiesthatwouldattacktypeAantigens,tothefluidsupplyingthelungs.Thetreatedlungshadminimalantibodydamagecomparedwithuntreatedlungs.Althoughcellsridofantigenstendtoproducenewonesovertime,Cypelhopesthelackofantigenswouldlastlongenoughforthebodytogetthroughthedangerousfirstfewdaysandweeksafteratransplant.Theteamnowintendstotesttheprocedureinanimals.Thestudyonlylookedattheeffectsofasimulatedtransplantationovertheshortterm,whichisn'tenoughtoassesswhethertheresurfacedantigenscouldeventuallyhaveanegativeeffect.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了通過改變血型的方式使得器官捐贈更為普遍。9．Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethebloodtypeofaperson?A．Sugar. B．Enzymes.C．Antibody. D．Antigens.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bloodtypesarelargelydefined...antigensonthesurfaceofcells.”可知，血型主要是由細(xì)胞表面有無抗原來界定的。10．Whyshouldthebloodtypeofthedonor