奶牛營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝病

主審：

呂航主編：王爽副主編：陳長(zhǎng)勝唐圓圓編委：王小丫奶牛營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝病產(chǎn)后癱瘓昏迷姿勢(shì)產(chǎn)后癱瘓病因Postpartumparalysiscause

低血鈣是導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)后癱瘓的主要原因。母牛隨生產(chǎn)次數(shù)的增加，生產(chǎn)能力不斷增強(qiáng)，但產(chǎn)后癱瘓的發(fā)病率也隨之提高，泌乳量大的?；疾÷矢摺?/p>

Lowbloodcalciumisamajorcauseofleadtopostpartumparalysis.Cowswiththeincreaseofthenumberofproduction,theproductioncapacityincreased,buttheincidenceofpostpartumparalysisincreases,alargequantityoflactationcowsprevalencerateishigher.產(chǎn)后癱瘓癥狀Symptomsofpostpartumparalysis

爬臥期?。号３逝琅P姿勢(shì)，頭頸向一側(cè)彎扭，意識(shí)抑制、閉目昏睡、瞳孔散大、對(duì)光反應(yīng)遲鈍。四肢肌肉強(qiáng)直消失以后，反而呈現(xiàn)無(wú)力狀態(tài)不能起立。脈弱無(wú)力、反芻停止、食欲廢絕。如上所述，此期以意識(shí)障礙、體溫降低、食欲廢絕為特征。

昏睡期病：牛四肢平伸躺下不能坐臥，頭頸彎曲抵于胸腹壁，昏迷、瞳孔散大。

Climbdowndisease:cowislying,headandnecktoasidebendtorsion,consciousnessinhibition,eyeclosure,slowpupilloosebigandlight.Afterlimbmusclestiffnessdisappear,buthasweakstatecan'tstandup.Pulsefeebleness,ruminantstop,appetitewaste.Asmentionedabove,thisperiodwithdisturbanceofconsciousness,hypothermia,appetitewastewascharacterized.

Lethargydisease:cattlelimbshorizontallyliedowncan'tsit,headandneckbendinginthechestandabdominalwall,coma,thepupil.產(chǎn)后癱瘓治療Postpartumparalysistreatment

1．鈣劑療法

靜脈注射20%的葡萄糖酸鈣300—500毫升，用藥后6—12小時(shí)如無(wú)反應(yīng)，可重復(fù)注射一次，最多不超過(guò)3次。也可靜脈注射10%氯化鈣100—200毫升，效果也好，但在注射前藥液須加溫，注射時(shí)要慢并切勿漏于皮下。

2．注射鈣劑后，病情好轉(zhuǎn)但不能起立，宜靜脈注射15%磷酸二氫鈉200—300毫升或3%次磷酸鈣1000毫升，有較好效果。

3．乳房注入乳汁法

向乳房?jī)?nèi)注入健康母牛的新鮮牛奶，前面兩個(gè)乳葉200—250毫升，后面兩個(gè)乳葉250—300毫升。一般可于40—180分鐘恢復(fù)健康。有時(shí)其療效比注射鈣劑或送風(fēng)療法好。

1.Calciumtherapyofintravenousinjectionof20%calciumgluconate300-500milliliter,after6to12hoursifnoresponse,gettingarepeatable,isnomorethan3times.Canalsobeintravenouscalciumchloride10%,100-200ml,effectisbetter,butinfrontoftheinjectionliquidheating,sloweranddonotleakwheninsubcutaneousinjections.

2.Theimprovedbutnotrise,aftertheinjectionofcalciumsupplementsshouldbeintravenousinjectionof15%sodiumdihydrogenphosphate,200-300ml1000mlor3%calciumphosphate,hasagoodeffect.

3.Breastinjectioninthenormalbreastmilkcowshealthyfreshmilk,theprevioustwomilkleaves200-250ml,two250-300mlmilkleavesbehind.Generallyavailableat40-180minutesbacktohealth.Sometimesitscurativeeffectisbetterthaninjectionofcalciumsupplementsorairsupply.產(chǎn)后癱瘓預(yù)防Postpartumparalysisprevent

1.分娩后不急于擠奶，乳房正常的牛，初次擠奶，一般擠1/2的奶量，以后逐漸增加，到第四天可擠凈。2.加強(qiáng)飼養(yǎng)管理，產(chǎn)前少喂高鈣飼料;增加陰離子飼料喂量。每日要多運(yùn)動(dòng)，多曬太陽(yáng)。減少精飼料和多汁飼料的喂量。產(chǎn)后要喂給大量的鹽水，以促使其迅速恢復(fù)正常的血壓。1.Afterdeliveryinnohurrytodothemilking,breastnormalcows,milkforthefirsttime,generallysqueeze1/2theamountofmilk,aftergraduallyincrease,cansqueezenettothefourthday.2.Inordertostrengthenthemanagementofbreeding,prenatallessforagehighcalcium;Increasingtheamountanionprovender.Dailymovement,inthesun.Decreaseofconcentrateandsucculentfeedfeed.Tofeedalargenumberofsaltwaterinthepostpartumperiod,topromoteitsrapidreturntonormalbloodpressure.酮病的發(fā)生主要原因是奶牛過(guò)度用體脂奶牛酮病

（KetosisinDairyCows）

病因：本病是因動(dòng)物體內(nèi)碳水化合物及揮發(fā)性脂肪酸代謝紊亂，導(dǎo)致酮血癥、酮尿癥、酮乳癥和低糖血癥。臨床上以昏睡或興奮、產(chǎn)乳量下降、機(jī)體失水、偶爾發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào)為特征。

Cause:

Thediseaseisduetotheanimalbodycarbohydrateandvolatilefattyacidmetabolismdisorder,causeketonemia,ketoneurinedisease,breastdiseaseandlowsugar.Clinicallytolethargyorexcitement,milkdecreased,thebodyfluidloss,occasionalmovementdisorder

characterizedby.酮病的癥狀Thesymptomsofketosis

臨床型癥狀:多在產(chǎn)后幾天至幾周出現(xiàn)，以消化紊亂和神經(jīng)癥狀為主?；夹笸蝗徊辉赋跃?，喜舔食墊草和污物，糞便干燥，表面被覆黏液。精神沉郁，凝視，步樣不穩(wěn)并伴有輕癱癥狀，體重顯著下降，產(chǎn)奶量也降低，但為低乳而非無(wú)乳。乳汁形成泡沫，有與呼吸、排尿相同的酮?dú)馕?，加熱更明顯。尿顯淡黃色，易形成泡沫。

Clinicalsymptoms:

inthefirstfewdaystoafewweeksmore,giveprioritytowithdigestivedisordersandneurologicalsymptoms.Cattlesuddenlydon'twanttoeatconcentrate,likelickingthematgrassanddirt,dryfeces,surfacecoatingmucus.Spiritisdepressed,stare,samplestepinstabilityaccompaniedbyparesissymptoms,weightdroppedsignificantly,milkproductionisreduced,butislowmilkinsteadofmilk.Milkbubble,thereisthesameasthebreath,urineketoneofodour,heatingismoreobvious.Showpaleyellowurine,easytoformbubble.

酮病的治療Thetreatmentofketosis1補(bǔ)糖：靜脈注射50％葡萄糖溶液，多數(shù)患牛是有效的，但維持時(shí)間較短，2h后血糖又恢復(fù)到較低水平。以靜脈滴注，或以20％葡萄糖腹腔注射，可延長(zhǎng)血糖保持在正常濃度的時(shí)間?？诜徕c，每天250～500g，分2次給予，連用10d。蔗糖、麥芽糖灌服效果不理想，過(guò)量還可導(dǎo)致酸中毒和食欲下降，甚至可致繼發(fā)性酮病。飼料中拌以丙二醇或甘油，一天2次，每次225g，連用2d，隨后日和量為110g，每天1次，連用2d，口服或拌飼前靜脈注射葡萄糖效果更明顯。丙酸鈉與乳酸鹽也是生糖先質(zhì)，乳酸鈉、乳酸鈣首日用量lkg／d，隨后為0.5kg／d連用7d；乳酸銨每天200g，連用5d，也有顯著療效。1Carbohydratesupplement:

50%glucosesolution,givenintravenously,mostcattlediseasewaseffective,butshortertime,and2hafterbloodsugarbacktoalowerlevel.Withintravenousdrip,orwithintraperitonealinjectionof20%glucose,canextendtheconcentrationofbloodsugarinnormaltime.Oralsodiumpropionate,250~500g,points2times,10dEd.Sucrose,maltose,fillingandtakeeffectisnotideal,canalsoleadtoexcessiveacidosisandlossofappetite,andevencancausesecondaryketosis.Feedmixwithpropyleneglycolandglycerin,2timesaday,each225g,2dEd,thendaycapacityof110g,and1timesaday,2dEd,oralorintravenousglucoseeffectmoreapparentbeforefeeding.Propionicacidandsodiumlactateandrawsugarprecursor,dosageofsodiumlactateandcalciumlactateonLKG/d,thenalaparoscope,usuallyconnectedtoa0.5kg/d7d;Alaparoscope,usuallyconnectedtoalacticacidammonium200gaday,5d,alsohassignificantcurativeeffect。

2.其他治療

水合氯醛口服，首次劑量在牛為30g，加水服用，能繼之再給予7g，每日2次，連續(xù)幾天，若首次劑量較大(50g)

，繼則劑量較小，放在蜜糖或水中灌服。水合氯醛的作用在于能破壞瘤胃中的淀粉及刺激葡萄糖的產(chǎn)生和吸收，同時(shí)通過(guò)瘤胃的發(fā)酵作用而提高丙酸的產(chǎn)生。VitB12(1mg，靜脈注射)和鈷(每天l00mg硫酸鈷，放在水中和飼料中，口服)有時(shí)用于治療酮病。

2.OtherTherapy:Chloralhydrateorally,thefirstdoseincattleto30g,wateruse,canbefollowedtogive7g,2timesaday,forseveraldays,andiflargerdoses(50g)forthefirsttimeinsmalldoses,inhoneyorwaterirrigation.Theroleofchloralhydrateistobreakdownthestarchinrumenandstimulateproductionandabsorptionofglucose,atthesametime,throughtherumenfermentationandimprovetheproductionofpropionic

acid.This(1mg,iv)andcobalt(l00mgcobaltsulfate,adayinwaterandfeed,oral)issometimesusedinthetreatmentofketosis.

預(yù)防prevent

為防止酮病，在妊娠期，尤其是妊娠后期增加能量供給，但又不致使母牛過(guò)肥。在催乳期間，或產(chǎn)前28～35d周應(yīng)逐步增加能量供給，并維持到產(chǎn)犢和泌乳高峰期，這期間不能輕易更換配方。隨乳產(chǎn)量增加，應(yīng)逐漸供給生產(chǎn)性日糧，并保持粗糧與精料有一定比例，其中蛋白質(zhì)含量不超過(guò)16％～18％，碳水化合物應(yīng)供給碎玉米最好，這樣可避開(kāi)瘤胃的消化發(fā)酵和產(chǎn)酸過(guò)程，在真胃、腸內(nèi)可供給葡萄糖。當(dāng)飼喂大量青貯時(shí)，利用干草代替部分青貯有好處。此外，還可飼喂丙酸鈉(120g，每天2次，口服，連續(xù)10d)。注意及時(shí)治療前胃疾病、子宮疾病等。

Topreventketosis,duringpregnancy,especiallyinlatepregnancyincreaseenergysupply,butdoesnotcausefatcow.Duringtheperiodoflactation,orprenatal28~35dweeksshouldgraduallyincreasetheenergysupply,andmaintainthecalvingandlactation,thepeakduringthisformulacannotbeeasilyreplaced.Graduallywiththeincreaseofmilkproduction,shouldsupplyproductivediet,andmaintainacoarsegrainsandconcentratewithacertainproportion,whichproteincontentislessthan16%~16%,carbohydratesshouldsupplythebrokencornisbest,whichcanavoidtherumendigestionandproduceacidfermentationprocess,therealstomach,intestinalglucosecansupply.Whenfeedingalargenumberofsilage,replacingpartsofthesilageusinghayisgood.Inaddition,itcanalsobefedpropionicacidsodium(120g,2timesaday,oral,for10d).Payattentiontotimelytreatmentbeforegastricdisease,uterinediseases,etc.瘤胃酸中毒引起的食欲完全廢絕病因pathogeny

奶牛常因飼喂大量谷物，突然飼喂谷物或

短時(shí)內(nèi)采食了大量谷物，添加飼料無(wú)規(guī)律，氣候驟然變化等。

Dairyoftenforfeedingalargenumberofgrains,suddenlyfeedinggrainorinashorttimetogatherthefoodalotofgrains,addfeedirregular,suchasclimatechangeabruptly.癥狀symptoms較輕型Alight

首先表現(xiàn)食滯性前胃遲緩，以后脫水、腹瀉，糞便呈褐色，混有粘液或血，呼氣有酸臭味，尿少或無(wú)尿。后期呈昏睡狀，有的發(fā)生肺氣腫。妊娠母畜陰門(mén)分泌膠凍樣粘液。

Afterthefirstperformancebeforefoodlagsexgastricslow,dehydration,diarrhea,stoolbrownish,mixedwithmucusorblood,breathstink,lessornopiss.Itislatelethargy,oremphysema.Pregnantfemalevulvasecretionsamplegelatinmucus.

慢性型Chronictype

主要表現(xiàn)為慢性前胃弛緩、腹瀉，食欲時(shí)好時(shí)壞，逐漸消瘦。

Mainshowisbeforechronicgastricatony,diarrhea,appetiteanddowns,thingradually.治療treatment

1、病牛緊急靜脈注射5%葡萄糖生理鹽水3000~5000毫升；5%碳酸氫鈉500~1000毫升；安納加2克。

2、甘露醇300~500