專題23-選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit3-Back-to-the-Past(學(xué)生版)-(譯林版2020)

Unit3BacktothePast目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯1．loadvt.&vi.2．logn．3．dismissvt.4．insistvi.&vt.5．routen．6．leakvi.7．panicn．8．royaladj.9．facilitatevt.10．a(chǎn)vailableadj.11．shelfn．12．packvt.&vi.13．a(chǎn)boardprep.&adv.14．uniformn．15．divevi.16．thundervi.17．dragvt.18．hatchvt.19．plotn．20．sinkvi.&vt.21．prayvi.&vt.22．episoden．23．reformvt24．shiftn．詞匯拓展1．convincevt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說→adj.令人信服的；有說服力的→adj.堅(jiān)信不移的；確信的2．strengthenvt.&vi.加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)→adj.強(qiáng)壯的→n．力氣；力量；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)3．harmoniousadj.友好和睦的；協(xié)調(diào)的，和諧的→adv.協(xié)調(diào)地，和諧地→n．融洽，和睦；和諧4．proofn．證據(jù)，證明→vt.證明；檢驗(yàn)；顯示vi.證明是5．a(chǎn)cknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(權(quán)威、地位)；承認(rèn)(屬實(shí))；(公開)感謝→n．承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；感謝6．influentialadj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的→n．影響；勢(shì)力；感化；有影響的人或事vt.影響7．financialadj.財(cái)政的，金融的，財(cái)務(wù)的→n．金融；財(cái)經(jīng)8．departvi.&vt.離開，起程→n．離開，起程9．shortagen．不足，短缺→adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的→vt.縮短；減少；變短vi.縮短；變短10．subsequentadj.隨后的，后來的→adv.隨后，其后；后來11．a(chǎn)stonishvt.使十分驚訝，使吃驚→adj.令人感到驚訝的→n．驚詫；震驚→adj.驚詫的12．literaryadj.文學(xué)的，文學(xué)上的；愛好文學(xué)的→n．文學(xué)；文獻(xiàn)；文藝；著作13．extensivelyadv.廣闊地；廣泛地→adj.廣泛的；大量的；廣闊的→n．拓展；延伸14．exceptionaladj.杰出的，優(yōu)秀的；異常的，罕見的→n．例外；異議15．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用，采?。槐頉Q采納；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)→adj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的→n．收養(yǎng)；采用16．comparisonn．比較；對(duì)比→v．比較，對(duì)比；與……類似；將……比作17．violentlyadv.猛烈地，厲害地；強(qiáng)烈地，激烈地；兇狠地→n．暴力；暴行→adj.暴力的；猛烈的18．freezevi.&vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；結(jié)冰；凍僵→adj.冰點(diǎn)以下的，結(jié)冰的；極冷的；(霧、雨)凍的n.冰點(diǎn)→adj.凍結(jié)的；冷酷的19．bleedvi.(bled，bled)失血，流血→n．血，血液；血統(tǒng)→bleedingn．出血；滲色20．memorialn．紀(jì)念碑(或像等)；紀(jì)念物→vt.記住，背熟；記憶→n．記憶，記憶力；內(nèi)存，[計(jì)]存儲(chǔ)器；回憶重點(diǎn)詞組1．代表(或代替)；為幫助；為了2．不管，不顧3．使成為可能；考慮到；把……計(jì)算在內(nèi)4．理順，整理；把……安排好5．payavisitto6．searchfor7．haveanimpacton8．passon9．inpanic10．carryonwith11．與……相反12．同時(shí)13．家庭手工業(yè)14．祈禱，祈求15．逼真的16．openup17．makeone’sbed18．getintouchwith19．declarewaron/against20．deliveraspeech重點(diǎn)句型1．before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Todecidewiselywhichcollegetoattend，youareadvisedtopayavisittocolleges.為了明智地決定上哪所大學(xué)，我們建議你在申請(qǐng)之前參觀一下學(xué)校。2．which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Wecanholdacompetitionconcerningoceanprotection，.我們可以舉辦一場(chǎng)關(guān)于海洋保護(hù)的比賽，這可以幫助學(xué)生更多地了解保護(hù)海洋的措施。3．過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)I’velearnedwithdelightthatyouhavewonthesecondprizeintheChineseCalligraphyCompetitioninourcity.得知你在我市為外國(guó)人舉辦的中國(guó)書法比賽中獲得二等獎(jiǎng)，我很高興。4．現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Thereismudandwatereverywhere，.到處都是泥漿和水，使得從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方旅行很困難。5．with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，Ican’thelpthinkingofmysportsexperience.隨著我們學(xué)校一年一度的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的臨近，我不禁想起了我的運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷。知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)01...thereisonlyonewaytoconvinceyou.convincevt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說(1)convincesb.todosth.說服某人做某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……(2)convincedadj.確信的；深信的beconvincedof確信……；相信……beconvincedthat...確信……(3)convincingadj.令人信服的；有說服力的[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①(應(yīng)用文之建議信)Whenyouarehavinganinterview，youneedtoconvincetheinterviewersofyourenthusiasmforthejob.②Owingtohishardwork，weareconvincedthatheisboundtosucceed.③I’mconvincedofyourabilityforthejob，sojustgoandapplyforit.④Inviewofthefactthattherewasnoconvincingevidenceofhisguilt，hewassetfree.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①M(fèi)yparentshavealwaysconvincedme(challenge)myself，forwhichI’mreallygrateful.②Thestoriesmentionedaboveare(convince)evidencetoprovethatactionismorevitalthanplanning.③(convince)thatanythingispossible，thecaptainisdesperatetomakeanattempt.④thatYouthwillbecomeincreasinglypopularandhopetherewillbemorevaluablearticlesandwonderfulcontents.我相信《青春》會(huì)越來越受歡迎，希望有更多有價(jià)值的文章和精彩的內(nèi)容。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2Hisshipswereloadedwithchina，silk，teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers，andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.loadvt.&vi.裝上，裝入，負(fù)擔(dān)n．負(fù)載；承載量；大量(1)loadup裝載/載滿貨物load...with...用……裝載……；使……負(fù)擔(dān)……beloadedwith裝載著……o/onto...把……裝入(到)……；使……負(fù)擔(dān)……(2)takealoadoffone’smind打消某人的顧慮，卸下心頭的負(fù)擔(dān)loadsof＝aloadof大量的；許多的[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①IwishIcouldgrowupasquicklyaspossiblesothatIcanlightenmyparents’load.②Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary，wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.對(duì)我們來說，裝好東西去當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以挑選他們要讀的書或他們想讓我讀給他們聽的書。③TogetridoftrashfromtheISS，theastronautloadsitintoemptycargocapsulesandreleasesitintospace.為了清除國(guó)際空間站的垃圾，宇航員將其裝進(jìn)空的貨艙里并將其扔到太空中。[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Thetruck(load)withhamsandsausagesarrivedintheearthquake-strickenarea.②(應(yīng)用文寫作之體育鍛煉)EventhoughI，I’llspendsomefreetimehavingsportssothatIcankeepfitanddynamic.即使我有很多功課要做，我也會(huì)花一些空閑時(shí)間做運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣我就能保持健康和精力充沛。③Youthprovidesuswithinspiringarticles，throughwhichwecanexchangeourfeelingswithfriends，and.《青春》為我們提供了鼓舞人心的文章，通過這些文章我們可以和朋友交流感情，卸下心頭的負(fù)擔(dān)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持說(1)insist(堅(jiān)持說/認(rèn)為)that...(從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣)(2)insist(堅(jiān)決要求/主張)thatsb.(should)do...(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(3)insiston/upondoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Itwasridiculousthatthecriminalinsistedthathewasinnocent.②MyhusbandandIinsistedthatourchildren(should)workhardtolaythefoundationforthefuture.③ThemaninsistedonfindingataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Theastronomerinsiststhathe(cycle)toworknomatterwhattheweatherislike.②(正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比的議論文)Somepeoplethinkitisagoodthingtodonateblood，foritcouldsavesomebody’slifewhileothersinsistthatwebloodbecauseitmaycausesomeillnesses.有些人認(rèn)為獻(xiàn)血是一件好事，因?yàn)樗梢酝炀饶橙说纳?，而其他人?jiān)持認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該獻(xiàn)血，因?yàn)檫@可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些疾病。③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)Youareboundtoachieveyourdreamsifandtryyourbest.如果你堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想，并竭盡全力，你一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4Themenonboardwereinpanic.panicn．驚恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)驚慌，(使)驚慌失措(1)inpanic驚慌失措地getintoapanic陷入恐慌(2)panicodoingsth.使某人驚慌地做某事[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Inamomentofpanic，ElliandIdecidedtogivehimwhathewanted—thegarlicbread.②IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle，butitwasnouse.③Therabbit’ssuddenappearancepanickedthehorseintorunningintotheforestwildly.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Inanycircumstances，whatthegovernmentshoulddoistocalmdownthepublicwhenevertheyarepanic.②Thecrewgotintopanicwhentheygotlostonthesea.③Thewholeclass(panic)whentheteachersaidthattherewouldbeaquiztoday.④(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)Youhavebeenstudyinghard，soabouttheexams.你一直都很努力學(xué)習(xí)，所以沒有必要為考試而陷入恐慌。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.astonishvt.使十分驚訝，使吃驚(1)astonishedadj.感到驚訝的beastonishedat/bysth.因/對(duì)某事感到驚訝beastonishedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到驚訝(2)astonishingadj.令人感到驚訝的(3)astonishmentn．驚訝toone’sastonishment令某人驚訝的是[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Wewereallastonishedat/bytheunexpectednewsthattheantiquehadbeenstolen.②Hewasastonishedtoseehowtheglacierhadchangedinthepast10years.③Itwasastonishingthatthecamelhadstarvedtodeath.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯]①Hewasastonishedwhathefound：amanwaslyinginthebox.②Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus(astonish)．③媽媽真沒想到雙胞胎已為她做好了香甜的早餐?！鷗hatsweetbreakfasthadbeencookedforherbythetwins.(astonish)→，sweetbreakfasthadbeencookedforherbythetwins.(astonishment)知識(shí)點(diǎn)6Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法：(1)before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；還沒來得及……就……；趁著……”，翻譯方式比較靈活。(2)常用的句型：Itwillbe＋時(shí)間段＋before從句要過多久才……Itwon’tbelong＋before從句過不了多久就會(huì)……Itwas/took＋時(shí)間段＋before從句過了多久才……Itwasn’tlong/didn’ttakelongbefore從句沒過多久就……[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①BeforeIcouldspeak，mystomachansweredinadelightedgrumble.我還沒來得及說話，肚子就高興地叫起來。②Heworkshard，tryingtomakeasmuchmoneyaspossiblebeforehegrowstooold.他努力工作，趁著他不太老盡可能多地賺些錢。③Ihonestlyhopeitwon’tbetoolongbeforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbelogged.我真誠(chéng)地希望過不了多久我就能腳踏實(shí)地，站在永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被砍伐的森林里。④(2020·浙江1月高考)Itdidn’ttakelongbeforethetwoplayedaroundthehouse，cheerfullyrunningaftereachother.⑤(2020·浙江7月高考)Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway，butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeitarrived.[完成句子]①beforewegraduatefromhighschool.要過一年多我們才能高中畢業(yè)。②beforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.很久以后我才能夠完全領(lǐng)會(huì)到他們?yōu)槲易龅囊磺?。③Igotupearlythismorning.今天早上還不到5點(diǎn)我就起床了。④，Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.在我們開始討論其他事情之前，我有一個(gè)問題要問你。知識(shí)點(diǎn)7Between1405and1433，onbehalfoftheMingDynasty，ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.onbehalfof代表(或代替)；為幫助；為了standfor一般指符號(hào)，標(biāo)志，字母縮寫代表……represent個(gè)人代表集體或別人，較為正式①(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)ourschool，Iwouldliketoexpressourwarmwelcometoyou.我謹(jǐn)代表我們學(xué)校向您表示熱烈的歡迎。②(應(yīng)用文寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化)InChina，theseknots.在中國(guó)，這些結(jié)代表友誼、愛情和好運(yùn)。③(應(yīng)用文寫作之體育運(yùn)動(dòng))Thecompetitionattractedover500contestants8differentcountries.這次比賽吸引了代表8個(gè)不同國(guó)家的500多名參賽者。知識(shí)點(diǎn)6Formanyyears，somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.dismissvt.不予考慮，對(duì)……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散dismisssb./sth.as...把某人/某事當(dāng)成……不予考慮dismisssth.fromsth.去除，消除，摒除(思想、感情等)dismisssb.fromsth.解雇；免職；開除[寫出下列句子中dismiss的含義/單句寫作]①Afteracarefulinvestigation，hedismissedthesamplesasworthless.②Inviewofthepainshecausedhim，hedismissedherfromhismind.③Theassistantclaimedshewasunfairlydismissedfromherpost.④Theboymadehiswaytoschool，onlytofindtheclasswasdismissed.⑤(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)他試圖將心中可怕的想法抹去。.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged，andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(權(quán)威、地位)；承認(rèn)(屬實(shí))；(公開)感謝(1)acknowledge...tobe/as...承認(rèn)……是/為……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)做了某事Itis(widely)acknowledgedthat...人們(普遍)認(rèn)為……(2)acknowledgementn．承認(rèn)；答謝①universallypeoplecannotsucceedorachievetheirtargetswithoutastrongwillandpersistence.眾所周知，沒有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和毅力，人們就不可能成功或?qū)崿F(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。②Thecountryhasacknowledged(take)everymeanstofightagainstanypossibleattack.這個(gè)國(guó)家已承認(rèn)采取了一切手段打擊任何可能發(fā)生的襲擊。③(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)Thebunchofflowersandthesouvenirwereasmall(acknowledge)ofyourkindness.這束花和這件紀(jì)念品聊表謝意，感謝你的好心幫助。④(應(yīng)用文寫作之體育運(yùn)動(dòng))TaiChiisnotonlyanancientmartialart，太極拳不僅是一種古老的武術(shù)，也是一種公認(rèn)的有效的健康鍛煉方式。知識(shí)點(diǎn)8On3August1492，hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.departvi.&vt.離開，起程(1)departfrom離開；開出；從……出發(fā)departfor開往……；去往……；動(dòng)身去……(2)departuren．離開，起程①Thecaptainwaiteduntilthelastcrewmanhadthefleet.船長(zhǎng)一直等到最后一個(gè)船員離開艦隊(duì)。②Finally，themomentofour(depart)arrived，andweloadedsuitcases，books，games，campingequipment，andatentintothecarandbravelydroveoff.終于，出發(fā)的時(shí)刻到了，我們把箱子、書籍、游戲、露營(yíng)裝備和帳篷裝進(jìn)了車?yán)铮赂业亻_車離開了。③ItisreportedthattheexpeditionistodeparttheArcticinJune.據(jù)報(bào)道，探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)將在六月份出發(fā)去北極。知識(shí)點(diǎn)9Theauthorsadoptanatural，chattystyleofwritingthatopensupthesubjectmattertotheordinaryreader.adoptvt.采用，采??；正式通過；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)1adoptsb.as...收養(yǎng)/挑選某人為……2adoptionn.收養(yǎng)；采用；通過3adoptedson/daughter養(yǎng)子/養(yǎng)女；義子/義女[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Thecouplewhodonothaveachildoftheirownhaveadoptedahomelesschildastheirown.②Parentswhohaveanadoptedchildwonderwhethertheyshouldtellthechildheorsheisadopted.③Thegroupisworkingtopromotetheadoptionofbroadbandwirelessaccessoverlongdistances1.1．該集團(tuán)正在致力于推廣遠(yuǎn)距離寬帶無線訪問的采用。[溫馨提示]adopt與adapt在拼寫上只有一個(gè)字母之差，但在意義上卻大相徑庭。adapt意為“(使)適應(yīng)；改編”。Ittookalongtimebeforetheadoptedboygraduallyadaptedtothenewsurroundings.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Sincethe(adopt)ofthenewworkingmethod，productionhasgoneup.②Inviewofthefactthathisnieceisan(adopt)child，hegiveshermuchcareandconcern.③Inthefaceofgreatpressure，Ithink.面對(duì)巨大壓力，我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該采取樂觀的態(tài)度。知識(shí)點(diǎn)10Contrarytopopularhistorybooks，mostacademicbookstendtoadoptamoreanalyticalandseriousapproachtostudyinghistory.contraryto與……相反1tothecontrary與此相反地的2onthecontrary恰恰相反[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Tooursurprise，whathecallsforisabsolutelycontrarytotraditionalcodes.②Hecontinuedtomaintainthathedidnothingwrong，despiteclearevidencetothecontrary.③Onthecontrary，smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletimebutalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Peoplejustcan’tbehappyiftheyarelivingalifethatiscontrarythetypeofpersontheyare.②(應(yīng)用文寫作之健康)，takingawalkimmediatelyafteramealdoesn’tnecessarilydogoodtoourhealth.和大家認(rèn)為的相反，飯后立即散步對(duì)健康未必有好處。③，IlikesolvingdifficultproblemsbecauseIalwaystakethemasexcitingchallenges.恰恰相反，我喜歡解決難題，因?yàn)槲彝ǔ?huì)把這些難題看作令人激動(dòng)的挑戰(zhàn)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)11TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.divevi.俯沖；跳水；潛水n．沖，撲，俯沖；潛水；跳水(1)diveoff/from...從……跳水diveinto跳水；迅速將手伸入(包或口袋里)divefor...撲向……；潛水尋找……(2)divingn．跳水；跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)；潛水godiving潛水(3)divern．潛水員；跳水者；跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Childrenathisagearenotevenallowedtodive，letalonehislittlebrother.②ThecaptaindivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheoceanwhenhearingTom’sscreaming.③Ilearnfromabookthatseagullsswimwell，buttheydonotoftendiveforfish.④Thediverdivedintotheocean’sdepthsandwasamazedbyitsbeauty.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Youshouldkeepinmindthatit’sdangeroustodivethecliffs.②Onseeingthescene，theassistantdivedherpurseandtookoutsomemoneytogivethehomelessman.③Tothegoalkeeper’sdisappointment，hedivedfortheball，butmissedit.④(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請(qǐng)信)Ifthere’sachancethatyou’llcometoQingdao，I’llandgohikingtogether.如果您有機(jī)會(huì)到青島，我將邀請(qǐng)您一起去潛水，一起去遠(yuǎn)足。知識(shí)點(diǎn)12TheycometoseetheshadowoftheshipatthebottomofPearlHarbor，tolearnabouttheattack，toshowrespectforthosewhohadlosttheirlivesintheattackandtoprayforworldpeace.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈禱，禱告pray(tosb.)forsb./sth.(向某人)為……祈禱；企盼praythat...祈禱/禱告……[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Ifsomeone’slifeisintrouble，doyoujusthopeandpraythatthingswillturnoutfine?如果別人的生活陷入了困境，而你就只是希望能為他禱告等著情況有好轉(zhuǎn)嗎？②ItiscustomaryforsomepeopletopraytoGodforhelpwhentheyareintrouble.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①(應(yīng)用文寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化)DuringtheSpringFestival，somepeoplewillvisittemplestoprayhappiness，wealthandhealth.②(應(yīng)用文寫作之慰問信)Inthecircumstances，.在這種情況下，我們祈禱你早日康復(fù)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)13Theshiftfromthecottageindustrytothefactorysystem，combinedwiththeintroductionofnewmachines，newenergysourcesandnewformsoftransport，promotedeconomicgrowthandexpandedworldtrade.shiftn．改變，轉(zhuǎn)移；輪班vi.&vt.(使)移動(dòng)，(使)轉(zhuǎn)移；改變(1)shift...from...to...把……從……變到……shiftresponsibility/blameontosb.推卸責(zé)任/轉(zhuǎn)嫁責(zé)任給某人(2)workshift輪崗day/nightshift日/夜班[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.相當(dāng)多的人主張從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移。②Nowadaysthepriorityfortravelingisshiftedfromshoppingtocuisineandscenery.③Iwasworkingthenightshiftinthehospitalwhenaninjuredmechanicwassenttothefirstaidroom.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Itishardtoshiftoneselfangertocalmnessinsuchashorttime.②(應(yīng)用文寫作之議論文)Aftergettingmarried，mostwomenwould.結(jié)婚后，大多數(shù)女人會(huì)把重心從工作轉(zhuǎn)移到家庭。③(應(yīng)用文寫作之議論文)Whenwemakemistakes，.Instead，weshouldapologizeforourmistakes.當(dāng)我們犯了錯(cuò)誤，我們不應(yīng)該把責(zé)任推給別人。相反，我們應(yīng)該為自己犯的錯(cuò)誤而道歉。知識(shí)點(diǎn)14Itslocationismarkedwithamemorialshapedlikeabridge，whichcrossestheship’ssunkenremains.過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)句中shapedlikeabridge為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。(1)一般情況下，單個(gè)的過去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語(yǔ)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之后。(2)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時(shí)只表示被動(dòng)。(3)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不表示被動(dòng)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。[佳句賞讀]感悟句意·背誦①Thismissiondesignedtohelpthestudentsinneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.②EarthDay，markedon22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.③ItissaidthatAustraliaisadevelopedcountryhavingwidelandandabundantnaturalresources.[單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子]①Thegiantpanda，also(know)aspandabearorsimplypanda，isabearnativetosouthcentralChina.②Theplan(put)forwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.③WhenIwokeupthenextmorning，Ifoundthegroundcoveredwithfallen(fall)leaves.④FindingNemo，，issetintheGreatBarrierReefonthenortheastcoastofAustralia.由安德魯·斯坦頓(AndrewStanton)導(dǎo)演的《海底總動(dòng)員》以澳大利亞東北海岸的大堡礁為背景。知識(shí)點(diǎn)15Packedwithvividdescriptionsandfunfacts，thistypeofhistorybookishighlyreadableandtruetolife.packvt.&vi.塞進(jìn)，擠進(jìn)；裝(箱)，收拾；打包；包裝n．包，包裹；小盒，小包(1)packup整理；把……打包o...把……擠進(jìn)……bepackedwith擠滿；塞滿(2)apackof一包；(野獸等的)一群；一盒①ThemostauthenticDongpoPorkcanbeservedintherestaurant，BuildingBeyondBuilding，besidetheWestLake，whichisalwayscustomers.最正宗的東坡肉能在西湖邊上的樓外樓餐廳吃到，餐廳里總是擠滿了顧客。②Thehikerpackedhisbackpackandintendedtohiketoaremotespot.那個(gè)徒步旅行者收拾好背包，打算去一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的地方徒步旅行。③Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingby，seventobeexact.首先迎接我們的是一群狗的叫聲，確切地說是七只。④It’sincredibleto.這輛小公共汽車?yán)飻D下那么多人真令人難以置信。知識(shí)點(diǎn)16Louis，meanwhile，alsostandingonthedeck，wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.meanwhileadv.同時(shí)；其間；對(duì)比之下forthemeanwhile一會(huì)兒；暫時(shí)inthemeanwhile在此期間；與此同時(shí)①，Imadeupmymindtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings.與此同時(shí)，我下定決心要更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)，而不是把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在那些沒用的事情上。②Ihopetogotoanagriculturalcollegeeventually.，Iamgoingtostudybotany.我希望最終能上一所農(nóng)學(xué)院。這期間我打算學(xué)植物學(xué)。③Weneedsomenewbotanicalsamples，butthesewilldo.我們需要一些新的植物樣品，但這些暫時(shí)還可以用。知識(shí)點(diǎn)17JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor，sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.plotn．陰謀；故事情節(jié)vi.&vt.密謀；(在地圖上)畫出，標(biāo)出plotwith...against...與……謀劃反對(duì)……plot...on...在……畫出/標(biāo)出……①Thehuntermetwithandtrappedthefoxintohistrap.獵人將計(jì)就計(jì)，把狐貍誘入了他的圈套。②Duringthevoyage，thetwocrewmembersplottedeachotherthecaptain’sleadership.在航行中，兩名船員互相密謀反對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。③However，IofthemoviethatIforgotthetime.然而，我太專注于電影的情節(jié)，以至于忘記了時(shí)間。④Don’tworry，theparkinglotsthetouristmap.別擔(dān)心，停車場(chǎng)已標(biāo)在旅游地圖上。隨堂練習(xí)一Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Europeans，thecontrary，talkinastraightforwardmanner，preferringtotellthetruthindirectways.2．Wewillhaveoursuitcases(pack)upaheadofschedulesothatwecandepartthemomentwehavemadeourdecision.3．Accordingtohismemory，thesailorsplottedtheexactlocationoftheislandthechart.4．Allofthepeopleintheworldpraypeaceandliveinharmonywitheachother.5．Thecontribution(make)bytheoldastronauttoourcountryreallyastonishedus.Ⅱ.完成句子1．，theboyhasbeeninterestedinvoyagesincehewasachild.和大多數(shù)孩子相反，這個(gè)男孩從小時(shí)候起就對(duì)航海感興趣。2．Nomatterwhatdifficultieshemeets，he.無論遇到什么困難，他都采用積極的人生態(tài)度來面對(duì)生活。3．Itistypicalofhimto.把生活中的挑戰(zhàn)從困難轉(zhuǎn)變成動(dòng)力，是他的典型特征。4．，heworksveryhardandisoccupiedinstudyingandexpandinghisknowledgeallday.與此同時(shí)，他工作非常努力，整天忙于學(xué)習(xí)和擴(kuò)大他的知識(shí)面。二Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ihopethesetipswillhelpyoutomakemorefriends，andI’m(convince)thatyouwillgetoutofthebotheringtrouble.2．Knowingthatmyniecehadarrivedsafelytookaloadmymindatonce.3．Themechanic’swifeinsistedthatthedoctorwhooperatedonherhusband(take)fullresponsibilityforthismedicalaccident.4．Therobber(panic)himintounfoldinghisboxandhandingoverthevaluablevaselastnight.5．Theyhadreceivednonewsofthecaptainsincehis(depart)fromtheisland.6.Occupiedinplayingcomputergames，theboy(dismiss)fromtheschoolfootballteam.7．Tomy(astonish)，thereisanacuteshortageofwaterandfoodinthecountry.8．Itdidn’ttakelongtheywalkedthroughthefrontdoorcarryingabigbox.Ⅱ.完成句子1．AllofthesearticlesinthecolumnofYouth.《青春》這個(gè)欄目的所有文章都滿含正能量。2．(應(yīng)用文寫作之正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)Somebelievethatdecentpayisamajorconcernincareerchoosingwhileothersinsistthat.有些人認(rèn)為優(yōu)厚的薪酬是職業(yè)選擇時(shí)主要考慮的問題，而另一些人則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該把興趣和才能放在首位。3．(應(yīng)用文寫作之人物描寫)YuanLongpingoneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists.袁隆平被公認(rèn)為世界上最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。4．(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請(qǐng)信)，I’dliketoexpressourwarmestwelcometoyou.我代表學(xué)生會(huì)向你們表示最熱烈的歡迎。5．Heallhispersonalinformationhadbeenexposedtothepublic.他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)他所有的個(gè)人信息都被公開了。語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法精講Activity1讀文探究閱讀下列句子，認(rèn)真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小題1．Learningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.2．Hisfather’sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.3．Hischiefconcernwaswhetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.1．我們可以使用名詞性從句作為句子的表語(yǔ)。2．當(dāng)從句是陳述句時(shí)，我們可以用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，如句2；當(dāng)從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，我們可以用whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，如句3；當(dāng)從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，我們可以用what，why，when，where等疑問詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，如句1。Activity2語(yǔ)法精析一、定義在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句，叫作表語(yǔ)從句。它常位于系動(dòng)詞之后，用來說明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.今日的中國(guó)不再是過去的中國(guó)了。二、連接詞的用法連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough/because連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how1．連接詞當(dāng)名詞性從句主干齊全，又不缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連接詞引導(dǎo)。(1)that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句本身沒有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。Thefactisthatmorethanseventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.事實(shí)是，超過70%的地球表面被水覆蓋著。Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽車流行的缺點(diǎn)是它造成了太多的空氣污染。(2)whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句意為“是否”，但不充當(dāng)句子成分；if不可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.問題是我們能否在明晚以前完成我們的工作。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親的重病是否能很快康復(fù)。(3)asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句asif/though引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句意為“好像”，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)。如果句中的情況與事實(shí)不相符，從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；如果從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“had＋過去分詞”；如果從句表示將來發(fā)生的可能性不大，用would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形。LiLeiisnowinanewjacket.HelooksasifhewereanAmericanboy.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)李雷現(xiàn)在穿著一件新夾克。他看起來像個(gè)美國(guó)男孩。Thegirlisgivingusavividdescriptionofthemoon.Itseemsasifshehadbeentothemoonmanytimes.(與過去事實(shí)相反)那個(gè)女孩正在給我們生動(dòng)地描述月亮。就好像她去過月球很多次。Helooksverysadasifhewoulddepartforanotherworld.(與將來事實(shí)相反)他看起來很傷心，好像要到另一個(gè)世界去了。但是，如果asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句所述與事實(shí)相符，那么從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.烏云密布?？磥硪掠炅?。2．連接代詞連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which等不但起連接作用，也在從句中作名詞或代詞所作的成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。缺少連接代詞，從句不完整。Whatworriesusmostiswholetoutthesecret.最令我們擔(dān)憂的是誰泄漏了秘密。Theproblemiswhoseworkisthebestamongthemechanics.問題是在這些技工中間誰的工作最好。Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother，butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.我在某本書或另一本書上看到過這件事，但我不知道是哪一本了。溫馨提示：what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，表示“什么，什么樣子，或所……的人或事”。Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.問題是是什么造成了這次事故。Tomysurprise，thechurchisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.令我驚訝的是，這座教堂已經(jīng)不是以前的樣子了。Patienceisagoodvirtueandthat’swhatittakestodoanythingwell.耐心是一種美德，這是做好任何事情所需要的。Ashipinharborissafe，butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.船停放在海港里是安全的，但這并非造船的目的。3．連接副詞連接副詞when，where，why，how等不但起連接作用，也在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式等。Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’swhereIwasborn.”奶奶指著醫(yī)院說：“那是我出生的地方?！盬iththenumberofcarsincreasingrapidlyincities，amajorproblemiswherethecarscanbeparked.隨著城市中汽車數(shù)量的快速增長(zhǎng)，一個(gè)主要問題是汽車可以停在哪里。WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsiswhyshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.使莉莉的朋友們困惑的是她為什么總有那么多瘋狂的想法。溫馨提示：1That’swhy...那就是為什么……why從句表示結(jié)果2That’sbecause...那是因?yàn)椤璪ecause從句表示原因3Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用becauseEnglishhasmanyborrowedwords；that’swhyitisratherconfusingtolearners.英語(yǔ)有很多外來詞；那就是為什么它會(huì)讓學(xué)習(xí)者感到非常困惑?！狪calledyourofficeatabouttenthismorning，buttherewasnoreply.—Oh，thatwasprobablybecauseIwaspayingavisittoafriendinhospital.——我今天上午10點(diǎn)左右給你辦公室打電話，但是沒有人接?！蓿强赡苁且?yàn)槲胰ヌ酵晃蛔≡旱呐笥蚜恕hereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.湯姆開會(huì)遲到的原因是他病了。三、表語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)注意的問題1．當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是：advice，demand，desire，idea，instruction，order，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：shoulddo，should可省掉。Myadviceisthatyou(should)gotoapologizetohim.我的建議是你應(yīng)該去向他道歉。Thestudents’requestisthattheschoollibrary(should)providemorebooksonpopularscience.學(xué)生們的請(qǐng)求是學(xué)校的圖書館應(yīng)該提供更多關(guān)于大眾科學(xué)的書。2．表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.(√)WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadshouldwetake.(×)我想知道的是我們應(yīng)走哪條路。Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwashescoredthewinninggoal.2．Don’tbesad.Themostimportantthingiswemustlearnfromourmistakesandmoveon.3．Itisest