中檔題型高分練(06)閱讀理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中檔題型高分練（一）閱讀理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.閱讀理解CNowyoucanmakepolarbearsyourpenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilize(使鎮(zhèn)靜)itandquicklygiveitanecessarytoolbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNorwegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfromseveralfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesequiparound70polarbearswithatrackingcollar(項圈)whichcontinuouslylogstheirmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.“Dataabouttheirmovementisveryimportantinunderstandinghowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange,”Aarsexplains.Awarmclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,socanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.“Wehaveseenthatbearsmovemuchfurthernorth,”Aarsexplains.Thecollarcanalsorecordbodytemperature,whichcantellscientistsifabearhasmovedinsideahabitat—anindicationthattheanimalisgoingtogivebirth.Seaicelossisalsohavinganimpactonwherepolarbearsareborn.“Importantareaswheretheyusedtogotogivebirthtocubs(幼獸)aremoreorlesslost,”saysAars.“Bearsarenowswimmingasfaras200kilometerstoreachanislandhabitat,”headds,“somethingtheydidnotneedtodo20yearsago.”Aarshopeshisresearchcanrevealhowtohelphispenfriendsholdoutalittlelonger.“Whatisimportantforusisthatallthisdatatellsushowtheywillrespondinthefuture,”headds.1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?A．Providesomekeyfactsaboutpolarbears.B．Explainhowtodealwithwildpolarbears.C．Suggestwaystosavetranquilizedpolarbears.D．Describehowtogetpolarbearsreadyfortracking.2．Whatisthecollarmainlyusedfor?A．Guidingpolarbearstoseaice.B．Protectingpolarbearsfrombeinghunted.C．Labelingpolarbearsreadytogivebirth.D．Collectingdataonpolarbears’movement.3．Howdoesclimatechangeaffectpolarbears?A．Theyareforcedtomovesouth.B．Theyhavetroublefindingfood.C．Theirhabitatsaretoohottolivein.D．Theircubsfailtoadapttotheclimate.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Polarbears—creaturesonseaiceB．Climatechange—seaicelossspeedingupC．Anotherwake-upcall—polarbearsfacingextinctionD．Emailsfromtheedge—polarbearssendingmessagestoscientists【答案】1．D

2．D

3．B

4．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家在北極熊身上裝跟蹤項圈來收集數(shù)據(jù)，以了解氣候變化對它們的影響。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Nowyoucanmakepolarbearsyourpenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitanecessarytoolbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.”（現(xiàn)在你可以讓北極熊成為你的筆友了。首先你需要找到一個，然后在它醒來之前給它麻醉，并迅速給它一個必要的工具。這是一個尷尬的初次相遇——你知道有多少友誼是從鎮(zhèn)定劑開始的？——不可否認，這是一種單方面的通信，但很快它們就會每天發(fā)送信息。）及下文描述科學(xué)家在北極熊身上裝跟蹤項圈可推知，作者在第一段想要描述如何讓北極熊做好被跟蹤的準備。故選D項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesequiparound70polarbearswithatrackingcollar(項圈)whichcontinuouslylogstheirmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.”（每年，阿爾斯和他的同事都會給大約70只北極熊配備一個追蹤項圈，持續(xù)記錄它們的運動。項圈每天打一次衛(wèi)星電話，把過去24小時的數(shù)據(jù)傳回研究所。）可知，這種項圈主要用來收集北極熊的移動數(shù)據(jù)。故選D項。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Awarmclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,socanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.”（溫暖的氣候意味著大量的海冰正在融化。一些海豹物種——北極熊的主要食物——依賴海冰，通常情況下，哪里有海冰，哪里就有北極熊。但這些生物正被迫遷移。）可知，海冰變少會導(dǎo)致冰上海豹變少，北極熊被迫遷移，說明氣候變化讓北極熊很難找到食物。故選B項。4．主旨大意題。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家在北極熊身上裝跟蹤項圈來收集數(shù)據(jù)，以了解氣候變化對它們的影響。D項“來自極地的電子郵件——北極熊給科學(xué)家發(fā)送信息”最適合作為文章標題。故選D項。DEverylanguageandculturehascursewords(臟話).Whatgivesacurseworditspowerispartlyitsmeaningandpartlyitssound.“InEnglish,forexample,cursewordstendtocontainahighpercentageofplosivesounds—includingP,TandK,”saidRyanMcKay,apsychologistatUniversityofLondon.Dr.McKayteamedupwithhiscolleagueShiriLev-AritolearnwhetherthisfamiliarpatternwentbeyondEnglish.Theywonderedwhetheritmightevenrepresentwhat’scalledsoundsymbolism.Soundsymbolismiswhenawordsoundslikewhatitmeans.TheresearchersfirstaskedfluentspeakersofHebrew,Hindi,Hungarian,KoreanandRussiantolistthemostvulgar(粗俗的)wordstheycouldthinkof.Oncethey’dmadealistofeachlanguage’smostfrequentlyusedcursewords,theresearcherscomparedthesewithneutralwordsfromthesamelanguage.Intheselanguages,theydidn’tfindtheplosivesoundsthatseemcommoninEnglishcursewords.“Instead,wefoundthatthevulgarwordsweredefinedbywhattheylacked:theapproximantsoundsthatincludelettersI,L,R,WandY,”Dr.Lev-Arisaid.Next,thescientistsinvited215nativespeakersofsixlanguages:Arabic,Chinese,Finnish,French,GermanandSpanish.Theparticipantslistenedtopairsofwordsinalanguagetheydidn’tspeak,andguessedwhichwordineachpairwasoffensive.Inreality,allthewordswereinvented.Forexample,theresearchersstartedwiththeAlbanianword“zog,”for“bird,”andcreatedthepairoffakewords“yog"and“tsog.”Participantsweremorelikelytoguessthatwordswithoutapproximants,suchas“tsog,”werecurses.Finally,theresearcherscombedthroughthedictionaryforEnglishcursewordsandtheircleaned-upversions.Onceagain,thecleanversionsincludedmoreofthesoundsI,L,R,WandY.A20th-centurylinguistic(語言學(xué)的)principleclaimedthatthesoundsofwordswerearbitrary:Anywordcouldhaveanymeaning.Withcursewords,though,asinothercasesofsoundsymbolism,“thesoundsthemselvesseemtocarrymeaning,”saidLev-Ari.“That’sanewthing,”saidlinguistBenjaminBergen.“Cursewordsacrosslanguages,unrelatedtoeachother,maypatternsimilarly.”Healsopointedout,tomakesurethepatternofapproximantsmissingfromcursesisn’tanaccident,itwouldbenicetofinditinanevenlargersampleoflanguages.5．WhatisthepurposeofMcKayandLev-Ari’sresearch?A．Toanalyzeaphenomenon. B．Toconfirmanassumption.C．Toexplainadefinition. D．Tochallengeatheory.6．Whatweretheparticipantsaskedtodointhesecondpartoftheresearch?A．Todecidewhichcursewordsareusedmorefrequently.B．Tomakeupnewcursewordsfromrealwords.C．Toguessaword’soffensivenessaccordingtoitssound.D．Toidentifytheapproximantsincursewords.7．AccordingtoLev-Ari,whichofthefourislikelytosoundoffensive?A．Tusck B．Sola C．Darn D．Biach8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theoldlinguisticprincipleofsoundsandmeaningsiswrong.B．Insoundsymbolism,aword’ssoundrepresentsitsmeaning.C．Theresearchrevealsthesimilaritiesbetweendifferentlanguages.D．Theresultoftheresearchisnotfullyacceptedbyscientists.【答案】5．B

6．C

7．A

8．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項研究表明每種語言和文化都有臟話。臟話的力量部分來自它的意思，部分來自它的發(fā)音，但是研究結(jié)果還需要進一步的證實。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“InEnglish,forexample,cursewordstendtocontainahighpercentageofplosivesounds—includingP,TandK,”saidRyanMcKay,apsychologistatUniversityofLondon.”（倫敦大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家瑞恩·麥凱說：“以英語為例，罵人的話往往含有很高比例的爆破音，包括P、T和K?！保┮约暗诙沃小癉r.McKayteamedupwithhiscolleagueShiriLev-AritolearnwhetherthisfamiliarpatternwentbeyondEnglish.Theywonderedwhetheritmightevenrepresentwhat’scalledsoundsymbolism.”（麥凱博士與他的同事希里·列弗-阿里(ShiriLev-Ari)合作，研究這種熟悉的模式是否適用于英語以外的語言。他們想知道這是否代表了所謂的聲音象征主義。）可推知，麥凱和列弗-阿里研究的目的是證實一種假設(shè)。故選B項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Next,thescientistsinvited215nativespeakersofsixlanguages:Arabic,Chinese,Finnish,French,GermanandSpanish.Theparticipantslistenedtopairsofwordsinalanguagetheydidn’tspeak,andguessedwhichwordineachpairwasoffensive.”（接下來，科學(xué)家們邀請了215名以阿拉伯語、漢語、芬蘭語、法語、德語和西班牙語為母語的人。參與者聽了幾組他們不會說的語言的單詞，并猜測每組單詞中哪個是冒犯性的。）可知，在第二部分研究中，參與者被要求根據(jù)一個詞的發(fā)音來猜測它的冒犯性。故選C項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Instead,wefoundthatthevulgarwordsweredefinedbywhattheylacked:theapproximantsoundsthatincludelettersI,L,R,WandY,”Dr.

Lev-Arisaid.”（“相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)粗俗詞匯是由它們所缺乏的東西來定義的：包括字母I、L、R、W和Y在內(nèi)的近似音?！绷懈?阿里說道。）可知，結(jié)合四個選項單詞，只有A項tusck沒有這五個字母I、L、R、W和Y以及其字母在內(nèi)近似的發(fā)音。BCD選項都涉及到這五個字母的發(fā)音。故選A項。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“That’sanewthing,”saidlinguistBenjaminBergen.“Cursewordsacrosslanguages,unrelatedtoeachother,maypatternsimilarly.”Healsopointedout,tomakesurethepatternofapproximantsmissingfromcursesisn’tanaccident,itwouldbenicetofinditinanevenlargersampleoflanguages.”（語言學(xué)家本杰明·卑爾根說：“這是一個新事物?！翱缯Z言的臟話，彼此之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，可能會有相似的模式?！彼€指出，為了確保詛咒中缺少近似值的模式不是偶然，最好能在更大量的語言樣本中找到它。）可推知，從最后一段我們能了解這項研究的結(jié)果沒有被科學(xué)家們完全接受。故選D項。II.完形填空BornintheUnitedStates,I,withblackhairandyellowskin,amanAmerican.Yes,IamaUScitizen.YetI

____9____earlyinmychildhoodthatIwasverydifferent.Itwasn’tuntil____10____intheearlyyearsofprimaryschoolthatInoticedthisdifference.Somekidsinmyclassaskedme____11____IcouldspeakChinese.Itseemedstrangetomethattheywouldbeinterestedinthispartofmy____12____.Ianswered“yes”andexpectedthemtosaynothingelseaboutit.Tomysurprise,theywere____13____tohearmesaysomethinginChinese.WhenIdidso,theysaid,“Wow,that’scool!”Ihadalwaysthoughtofitasjustastrange____14____thatcamefromChina.I____15____whathadhappenedthatdaywhenIgothome.IwentintothebathroomtowashmyhandsasIusuallydid.Ilookedmyselfinthemirror—thesamefacewas____16____fromthatmorning,butitdidn’t____17____thesametome.Forthefirsttime,Ifeltdifferentfromtheothersinmy____18____.ThatdayIdiscoveredapartofmylifethatwas____19____—incultureandtradition—fromtheoneIwas

____20____.NowIknowthatwemustallrememberour____21____,butwemustalsocontinuetoexplore,realizingthat

____22____isdifferent,withourownbeliefs,opinions,traditionsandlifestyles.Recognizingthesedifferencesshould

____23____respectforoneanother.9．A．deserved B．discovered C．impressed D．proved10．A．onemoment B．oneevening C．oneday D．oneyear11．A．why B．how C．when D．if12．A．life B．manuscript C．secret D．program13．A．critical B．a(chǎn)mused C．a(chǎn)ppreciative D．eager14．A．tradition B．comment C．language D．reply15．A．wrotedown B．thoughtabout C．talkedabout D．forgotabout16．A．out B．up C．next D．there17．A．maintain B．seem C．a(chǎn)ct D．burst18．A．family B．class C．team D．a(chǎn)ssociation19．A．different B．delighted C．worthy D．valuable20．A．persevering B．expecting C．living D．probing21．A．blessings B．spots C．concepts D．roots22．A．nobody B．nothing C．everyone D．everything23．A．leadto B．stickto C．devoteto D．referto【答案】9．B

10．C

11．D

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．B

16．D

17．B

18．B

19．A

20．C

21．D

22．C

23．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。記敘了身為美籍華人的作者在上小學(xué)時，某一天給班上的其他孩子講中文，從而第一次認識到自己和班上的其他人不一樣，發(fā)現(xiàn)了生活中不同的部分。作者認為我們都必須記住自己的根，但我們也必須繼續(xù)探索，認識到每個人都是不同的，有自己的信仰、觀點、傳統(tǒng)和生活方式。認識到這些差異應(yīng)該導(dǎo)致彼此尊重。9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我在童年時就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與別人很不一樣。A.deserved值得；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.proved證明。作者是生活在美國的美籍華人，黑頭發(fā)黃皮膚，便發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己與其他同學(xué)有很大的不同。倒數(shù)第二段中“Idiscoveredapartofmylife”也是提示。故選B。10．考查名詞短語辨析。句意：直到上小學(xué)的某一天，我才注意到這種差異。A.onemoment馬上；B.oneevening有一天晚上；C.oneday（過去）某一天；D.oneyear一年。根據(jù)后文“intheearlyyearsofprimaryschool”可知是指作者上小學(xué)的某一天，應(yīng)用oneday。故選C。11．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我班上的一些孩子問我是否會說中文。A.why為什么；B.how如何；C.when何時；D.if是否。此處為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”應(yīng)用if。故選D。12．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得很奇怪，他們會對我生活的這一部分感興趣，我回答說“是的”，并希望他們不要再說別的。A.life生活；B.manuscript手稿；C.secret秘密；D.program項目。作者作為中國人能夠說中文，這屬于他生活中的一部分。倒數(shù)第二段中“Idiscoveredapartofmylife”也是提示。故選A。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，他們渴望聽到我用中文說些什么。A.critical批評的；B.amused有趣的；C.appreciative欣賞的；D.eager渴望的。前文講班上的一些孩子問作者是否會說中文，結(jié)合后文“tohearmesaysomethinginChinese”可知，說明其他孩子渴望聽到作者用中文說話。beeagertodosth.“急切地想做某事”。故選D。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直認為它只是一種來自中國的奇怪語言。A.tradition傳統(tǒng)；B.comment評論；C.language語言；D.reply回答。根據(jù)前文“Chinese”和后文“thatcamefromChina”可知作者認為中文只是來自中國的奇怪語言。故選C。15．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我回到家，想著那天發(fā)生的事。A.wrotedown寫下；B.thoughtabout思考；C.talkedabout談?wù)摚籇.forgotabout忘記。結(jié)合后文作者意識到自己的不同可知，作者一直在思考那天發(fā)生的事情。故選B。1