2022湖北孝感市高考英語語法填空和閱讀理解暑假練習(4)及答案

【閱讀理解】PeanutstoThisProudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway？”Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice:flip(擲)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!Tails，myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear，“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously,mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster'sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyopiniontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!1．Whatdidtheauthor'sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A．Controversial.B．Ridiculous.C．Boring.D．Puzzling.2．Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A．HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.B．Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.C．Heforgothisteacher'sinstruction.D．Hewasnewattheschool.3．Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans________.A．a(chǎn)nnoyedB．a(chǎn)shamedC．readyD．eager4．Intheend,theauthorturnedthingsaround________.A．byredoinghistaskB．throughhisowneffortsC．withthehelpofhisgrandfatherD．undertheguidanceofhisheadmaster【要點綜述】本文敘述了作者作為一個外來移民初入美國學校時，由于對美國歷史不了解而鬧出的一個笑話，但作者通過努力最終最終提高成果并實現(xiàn)跳級。1.B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容我們知道，由于作者對美國歷史的無知，弄混了喬治·華盛頓的身份，所以同學們聽了作者寫的報告忍不住大笑起來?！癰earingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.”可知大家覺得這個報告很荒謬。controversial有爭議的；ridiculous荒謬的，可笑的；boring無聊的；puzzling迷惑的，不解的。2.A推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry”可知，作者是從別的國家初到美國，所以對美國歷史不了解而鬧了笑話。3.D詞義猜想題。依據(jù)全文敘述可知，作者是通過投擲硬幣來打算的答案，因此犯了常識錯誤。第三段中“Iwastotallylost.”說明作者不明就里，所以當其他同學讀報告時，作者渴望知道為什么。annoyed苦惱的；ashamed慚愧的；ready預備好的，情愿的；eager渴望的。4.B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.”可知作者是通過throwoneselfinto(樂觀從事)而實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)變的。所以選B。文中老師并沒有給作者機會重做，所以A錯誤；從祖父那里得到建議是在選擇華盛頓身份時，所以C錯誤；而校長是在作者成果提高后才接見的，所以D錯誤。人物傳記型閱讀理解專題導讀人物傳記是記敘文體的一種，主要描寫某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、共性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，包含記敘文的時間、地點、人物、大事等要素。其特點是以時間的先后或大事的進展為主線，空間或規(guī)律線索貫穿文章始終，脈絡清楚，可讀性較強。這類文章常接受倒敘的寫作方法，即首先用幾句話來簡潔介紹這個人，接著介紹這個人的誕生、成長過程，然后再記述他(她)一兩件主要的事情或業(yè)績，來反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最終作者會對他(她)進行評論，從而表達作者對他(她)的情感。人物傳記類文章一般較長，而且該類命題的題量也較多。文章中往往會毀滅關(guān)于該人物的大量細節(jié)信息，有些細節(jié)很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些則很間接，需要綜合、歸納、推理才能得出。因此，該類命題既留意考查對特定細節(jié)理解的精確性，又留意考查推理推斷力氣。另外，雖然人物傳記類文章的時間、空間或規(guī)律線索較清楚，但是為了提高難度，命題者往往使用倒敘、插敘或補敘等手段有意打亂故事的陳述次序，使行文的跳動性增加，情節(jié)也更簡潔化。真題典例【2011·山東卷】ArthurMiller(1915－2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria-Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller’smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem，withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan’tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews，anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay，theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward，andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury，Connecticut，ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005，the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.()1.WhydidArthurMiller’sfathermovetotheUSA?A．Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B．Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．C．Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D．Hisfamilybusinessfailed.()2.TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A．exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB．discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC．talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD．focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness()3.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A．Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B．HerunstheWagnerCompany.C．HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D．Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.()4.Afteritwasfirststaged，DeathofaSalesman________.A．a(chǎn)chievedhugesuccessB．wonthefirstTonyAwardC．waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmenD．wasseverelyattackedbydramatists()5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B．TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C．ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D．ArthurMillerandhisbest-knownplay.【解析】亞瑟·米勒是二十世紀最宏大的劇作家之一?！锻其N員之死》是他最出名的一部作品，曾獲得年度最佳百老匯戲劇托尼獎、普利策戲劇獎和紐約戲劇評論獎。這是第一部獲得全部三項大獎的作品。1．B細節(jié)理解題。由第一段“...drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’．”可知應選B。2．A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句話可知，《推銷員之死》是對美國制度的有力的抨擊，后面又告知我們在這金錢至上的制度中，仆人公因迷茫、失敗最終自殺，即暴露了美國商業(yè)世界的殘酷。故正確答案是A。3．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段對劇中主角Willy的介紹，尤其是“gotintotrouble”、“burntout”、“painfully”、“ataloss”以及“killshimself”等關(guān)鍵詞可以告知我們Willy是美國制度的犧牲品，故選C。4．A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句話“Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews...”可知答案為A。5．D主旨大意題。從全文推斷，文章主要介紹了亞瑟·米勒的家庭背景和他最出名的作品《推銷員之死》，因此D為正確答案?！娟兾魇?022五校聯(lián)考】閱讀下列四篇短文,從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。LASTweek,theCollegeBoardannouncedthatitwasrevisingtheSAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest)inanefforttomakeitmoreacceptabletotest-takers,teachers,collegeadmissionofficersandthepublicmoregenerally.Test-takerswhoreceivelowerscoresthantheyhavehopedforarelikelytobeconcernedabouttheiracademicfuture.It’snowonderthatit’shardtodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings.TheSATisn’tperfect.Likeanytest,itcanbemisused,andmayreflectunequaleducationalopportunities.EvenbeforetheannouncementoftheSAT’sredesign,expertswerediscussingthetest’slimitations.WritinginTheNewYorker,ElizabethKolbertdescribeditsquestionsaslimited:“Criticalthinkingwasnevercalledfor,letalonecuriosityorimagination.”ButtheSATprovidesaneffectivemeasureofaperson’sabilitytoreasonthroughverbal(文字性的)andmathematicalmaterials,askillrequiredincollege.Althoughthereareconflictingreportsontheissue,astudypublishedinthejournalEducationalandPsychologicalMeasurementin2011foundthattheSATcanmeaningfullyaddtothepredictionofastudent’sfirst-yearcollegeacademicperformance,abovehisgradesinhighschoolalone.ThefactthattheSATcanhelppredictthisis,tome,anastonishingachievementthatcannotbeignored.Wecannotaffordtoignoretestsbecausetheyfallshortofperfectionormakeusuncomfortable.Butthere’sabetterwaytomaketheSATmoreacceptableinthelongrun:Weshouldexpandthetypesoftestsweusesoastomorefullyreflectwhatstudentscando.Whatif,inadditiontotheSAT,studentswereofferednewteststhatmeasuredmorediverseabilities?Forfutureartistsormusicians,thereareteststhatmeasurecreativethinking—alargelyignoredabilitybytheSAT.Forfutureengineers,thereareteststhatmeasuretheirsenseofspace.Andnewmeasuresof“personalintelligence”—theabilitytoreasonaboutaperson’smotives,emotionsandpatternsofactivities—mayalsotellussomethingimportantaboutstudents’self-knowledgeandunderstandingofothers.53.Whyisitdifficultforthetesttakerstodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings?A.TheSATisunacceptableforthetesttakers,teachers,officersandthepublic.B.Theymaynotgetsatisfactoryscoresanditinfluencestheiradmissiontocollege.C.TheSATcan’treflecttheircreativethinking,curiosityaswellastheirimagination.D.Theboarddon’tknowhowtomaketheSATmoresuitableforthetesttakers.54.ElizabethKolbertmayconsidertheSATtobe_________.A.imaginative B.creative C.critical D.limited55.Accordingtothetext,theauthormaydisagreewiththeideathat_________.A.theSATcanatsomepointpredicthowastudentwilldointhefreshmanyearofcollegeacademicallyB.theSAThelpsmeasurestudents’abilityofreasoningthroughtheircreativityandimaginationC.theSATwillbemoreacceptableifcreativethinking,senseofspaceandpersonalintelligencearetestedaswellD.theSAThasmanylimitationsanditmaymakeadifferencetostudents’educationalopportunities56.The

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Education【參考答案】53-56BDBD語法填空。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！具|寧卷題型】M:Excuseme,madam.W:Yes?M:Wouldyoumindlettingmetake__1__lookinyourbag?W:Well,I'mafraidIcertainlydomind,ifit'sallthesame__2__you.Nowgoaway.Hey,taxi!I'vegotatrain__3__(catch)M:I'msorry.I'mjusttryingtodomyjobbutI'mafraidyou'remaking__4__ratherdifficult.However,Imustinsistonseeing__5__youhaveinyourbag.W:Andwhatdoyouexpecttofindinthere?Jewels?M:Madam,ifthere's__6__thatdoesn'tbelongtoyou,youcanleaverightawayandI'llapologizeforthe__7__(convenient)W:Oh,verywell.Thereyouare.M:Thankyou.Andtenmen'swatches?W:Yes.Igetverynervous__8__Idon'tknowthetime.M:Iseeyousmokealot,too,madam.Fifteencigarettelighters?W:Yes,I'mrathera__9__(heavy)smoker.And...andIhappentocollectlighters.M:Ibetyoudo,madam.Well,I'mafraidI'mgoingtohavetoaskyoutocome__10__withme.W:Howdareyou!I...1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案：1.a2.to3.tocatch4.it5.what6.nothing7.inconvenience8.if9.heavy10.along語法填空。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！救珖抡n標卷題型】O