蘭州市2022高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯(cuò)自練(3)及答案

閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butitusessounds.Today’sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic?Whosangthefirstsong?Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone’slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.TherecordswehavechosenforyoutodayarefromAmericancountrymusic,Indianmusic,popmusicandsoon.Musichasdifferentmeaningsforeveryone.Itcanmakepeoplehappyoritcanmakethemsad.Musicisnowheardeverywhere,inshopsandbusesandathome.Inthisprogramweshallstudythelanguageofmusic.Weshallbetryingtofindoutmoreabouthowmusicworks.Weshalltrytofindouthowmusicsayswhatpeoplefeel.Itisworthmakingtheeffort.Onlythencanwesaywhyonepieceofmusicisgoodandanotherisbad.Now,herecomesthemusictoday,Ishallexplainwhytheyareallgoodmusic...1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Someknowledgeaboutmusic.B．Theoriginofmusic.C．Somethingabouttheannouncer.D．Somequestionsaboutmusic.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepurposeofthismusicprogram?A．Tostudythelanguageofmusic.B．Tolearnmoreaboutmusic.C．Tofindouthowmusicexpressespeople’sfeelings.D．Totellusweshouldlistentomusiceveryday.3.Whyshouldwestudymusicalotaccordingtothetext?A．Totellwhetherapieceofmusicisgoodornot.B．Tolearnaboutthedevelopmentofmusic.C．Tohaveatalentformusic.D．Toknowmoreaboutthesociety.4.Whatdoestheannouncerthinkaboutthefunctionofmusicinourlife?A．Itisimportanttoalmosteveryone.B．Itisnecessaryfortheyoung.C．Itplaysagreatrolewhenwearechildren.D．Itdecidesourfuture.[解題導(dǎo)語]本文主要爭辯了一個(gè)主要涉及世界各地的音樂的節(jié)目，然后對(duì)音樂進(jìn)行了闡述。1．解析：選A。主旨大意題。第一段主要爭辯了這個(gè)節(jié)目主要涉及世界各地的音樂，然后對(duì)音樂進(jìn)行了闡述。故選A。2．解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A、B、C三項(xiàng)在其次段中都提到了，文章未提及D項(xiàng)。故選D。3．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的最終一句Onlythencanwesaywhyonepieceofmusicisgoodandanotherisbad.可知。4．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone’slife.以及下文的內(nèi)容可知。閱讀理解。Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(競(jìng)爭的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.()2.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.()4.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C.Reducetime?Movefaster.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【參考答案】1---4、BDCD閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。體裁：說明文話題：語言學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間：7分鐘Aperson'snoseisimportantforbreathingandsmelling.Thenoseisalsousedinmanypopularexpressions.Somepeoplecanleadotherpeoplebythenose.Forexample，ifawifeleadsherhusbandbythenose，shemakeshimdowhatevershewantshimtodo.Somepeoplearesaidtobehard-nosed.Theywillnotchangetheiropinionsorpositionsonanything.Ifsomeoneishard-nosed，chancesarehewillneverpaythroughthenose，orpaytoomuchmoney，foranobjectorservice.Itisalwayshelpfulwhenpeoplekeeptheirnoseoutofotherpeople'sbusiness.Theydonotinterfere.Theoppositeofthisissomeonewhonosesaroundallthetime.Thiskindofpersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters.Heisconsiderednosey.Moreproblemscandevelopifapersonlooksdownhisnoseatsomeoneorsomething.Thepersonactslikesomethingisunimportantorworthless.Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.Thispersonthinksheisbetterthaneveryoneelse.Hehashisnoseintheair.Inschool，somestudentsthumbtheirnoseattheirteacher.Theyrefusetoobeyordersordoanywork.Maybethesestudentsdonotknowthecorrectanswers.Mymotheralwaystoldme，ifyoustudyhard，theanswersshouldberightunderyournoseoreasilyseen.Ithinkwehaveexplainedthenoseexpressions.Whataboutears?Well，Ihopeyouareallearsorveryinterestedinhearingmoreexpressions.Wemightevenputabuginyourearorgiveyouanideaaboutsomething.Wealsoadviseyoutokeepyoureartotheground.Thismeanstobeinterestedinwhatishappeningaroundyouandwhatpeoplearethinking.Ifyouareagoodperson，youwilllendaneartoyourfriends.Youwilllistentothemwhentheyhaveaproblemtheyneedtotalkabout.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了與nose和ear有關(guān)的一些習(xí)語。1．Ifwesayamanpaidthroughthenose，wemean______.A．hejudgedthequalityofthingsbysmellingB．heboughtsomethinghedislikedC．heboughtsomethingveryexpensiveD．heoverpaidforsomethinghebought解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句話可知，“paythroughthenose”與“paytoomuchmoney”同義，意思是“多花錢，付高價(jià)”。故選擇D項(xiàng)。答案D2．Ifapersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters，hemay______.A．nosearoundallthetimeB．keephisnoseoutofotherpeople'sthingsC．turnuphisnoseatothersD．keephiseartotheground解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的第三、四句話可知，nosearound“探查，打探”，此處表示對(duì)別人的私事格外感愛好，符合題意，故選A。答案A3．Whenyourfriendwantstosharesomethingwithyou，youshould______.A．putabuginhisearB．lookdownyournoseathimC．lendaneartohimD．leadhimbythenose解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，當(dāng)你的伴侶需要談一些問題時(shí)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)傾聽他的訴說。故lendaneartosb“傾聽，傾聽”，符合題意。答案C4．Inwhichsentenceistheexpressionnotusedproperly?A．Wehavearealhard-nosedboss，whoalwaysstandsfirminhisopinions.B．Sometimestrueloveisrightunderyournose.C．Wewereallears，butheforgotwhathewantedtosay.D．Itisimportantforustothumbournoseatourparents.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段前兩句可知，同學(xué)拒絕聽從老師的命令或做一些事時(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)他們的老師“thumbtheirnose”，故thumbone'snoseatsb/sth表示“嗤之以鼻，蔑視”，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案D【長難句解讀】原文Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.譯文這種人也可能會(huì)看不起他認(rèn)為不夠好的東西。分析thatheconsidersnotgoodenough為定語從句，修飾something。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Thequestionofwhatchildrenlearn,andhowtheyshouldlearn,iscontinuallybeingdebatedandredebated.Nobodydaresanylongertodefendtheoldsystem,thelearningoflessonsparrot-fashion,thegrammar-with-a-whipsystem,whichwasgoodenoughforourgrandparents.Thetheoriesofmodempsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedofchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedasmuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,agoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?"Education"becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists(心里學(xué)家).Whathappensthen?Teachersworrytoomuchaboutthepsychologicalimplications(示意)oftheirlessons,andforgetaboutthesubjectsthemselves.Ifachilddislikesalesson,theteacherfeelsthatitishisfault,notthechild’s.Soteachersworrywhetherhistoryis"relevant"tomodernyoungchildren.Anddotheydaretorecountstoriesaboutviolence?Orwillthismakethechildrenthemselvesviolent?Cantheytelltheirclassesaboutchildrenofdifferentraces,orwillthisencourageracialhatred?Whyteachchildrentowritegrammaticalsentences?Verbalexpressionisbetter.Sums?Arithmetic?No:Real-lifemathematicalsituationsaremoreunderstandable.Yousee,youcangotoofar.Influencedbyeducationaltheorists,whohavenothingbettertodothantowritebooksabouttheirideas,teachersleavetheirteacher-trainingcollegesfilledwithgrand,psychologicalideasaboutchildrenandtheirneeds.Theymakeelaborate,sophisticated(精致的，簡單的)preparationsandtryouttheir"modemmethods"onthelong-sufferingchildren.Sinceone"modemmethod"rapidlyreplacesanotherthepoorkidswillhavehadagoodbellyfulbythetimetheyleaveschool.Frequentlythemodemmethodsaresosophisticatedthattheyfailtobeunderstoodbytheteachers,letalonethechildren;evenmoreoften,therelaxeddisciplinesoessentialforthe"informal"feelingstheclassmusthave,preventsallbutahandfulofchildrenfromlearninganything.1.Peopledonotdaredefendtheoldsystemmainlybecauseundertheoldsystem________.A.toomuchgrammarwastaughttochildrenB.childrenwerespoiled(寵壞)C.childrenweretreatedasgrown-upsD.childrenweremadetolearnpassively(被動(dòng)的)2.Whatviewdothemodempsychologistshold?A.Childrenmustbeunderstoodandrespected.B.Childrenaresmalladultsandknowwhattheyneed.C.Childrenarebetteroffwithoutlearninglessons.D.Educationofchildrenistheresponsibilityofpsychologists.3.Whathappenswhenteacherspaytoomuchattentiontothepsychologyoftheirlessons?A.Theyfindthatthechildrendislikethelessons.B.Theytendtoblamestudentsfortheirfailure.C.Theydonotpayenoughattentiontotheactuallessons.D.Theynolongerwanttoteachchildrenhistory.4.Grammaticalsentencesareregardedasunimportantbecause________.A.itisbettertouseverbsonlyB.wordsaresaidoutofnaturalfeelingsonlyC.talkingfreelyandnaturallywithoutsentencesisabetterformofexpressionD.itisfeltthatformalgrammarrulesmightcauseunnaturalexpressions5.Accordingtothepassage,themodernmethodsareunderstoodby________.A.neitherteachersnorpupilsB.onlyahandfulofteachersandpupilsC.themoresophisticatedteachersD.everyonewhoenjoystherelaxeddisciplineoftheinformalclasses?！敬鸢概c解析】1.D推斷題。由第一段其次句“鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地課文學(xué)習(xí)、附帶鞭子的語法教學(xué)”可知，這種學(xué)習(xí)孩子格外被動(dòng)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最終一句可知：我們必需懂得孩子們的需要，還要敬重孩子們。3.C細(xì)節(jié)題。由其次段中“老師過多擔(dān)憂功課的心理示意，忽視了功課本身”可知。4.B推斷題。由其次段中Whyteachchildrentowritegrammaticalsentences?Verbalexpressionisbetter可推斷出。5.A細(xì)節(jié)題。由最終一段中Frequentlythemodemmethods…failtobeunderstoodbytheteachers，letalonethechildren可知。1.短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）下面短文中有10處語言錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)?jiān)谟绣e(cuò)誤的地方增加，刪除或修改某個(gè)單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下面劃一橫線（_），并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。留意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。DearAlice,Iwasdelightedtoreceiveyourletter.ThankyouontheEnglishdictionaryyouboughtitforme.Ireceiveditthismorning.Thereisnodoubtwhichitisofgreathelptome.I’mdeepgratefulforyouradvicethatIshouldpaymoreattentionstopractisingmyspokenEnglish.I’vemadeupmymindtospeakEnglishbothinandoutofclass.NextmonthI’lltaketriptoAustralia,whichisorganizingbymyschool.IhopeIcanpractisemyspokenEnglishthereasmanyaspossible.Bytheway,Iamsendingyouasetofstampswiththisletter,butI’llsendyoumoreifIgotany.Idohopeyouwillhaveagoodholiday.YoursLiHua【參考答案】1.【小題1】on改成for【小題2】去掉it【小題3】which改成that【小題4】deep改成deeply【小題5】attentions改成attention【小題6】take后面加a【小題7】organizing改成organized【小題8】many改成much【小題9】but改成and【小題10】got改成get試題分析：這是李華寫給愛麗絲的感謝信，感謝她送給她的英語字典和學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議，并打算努力提高英語。【小題1】感謝你給我買的英語字典。Thankyoufor…，由于…而感謝某人：on改成for2.短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假如英語課上老師要求同學(xué)們交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的一篇作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，要求你在錯(cuò)誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個(gè)單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從11處起）不記分。Avisitorvisitsanislandwheretwotribeslive.Onetribealwaystellsthetruthandanotheralwayslies.Thetruthtellersliveonthewesternsideoftheisland,andthosewhichlieliveontheeasternside.Thevisitorwantsdeterminewhetherthenativebesideheisatruthtellerornotbyaskonlyonequestion.Heasksthenative,“Gooraskthenativeinthedistancewhichsideoftheislandhelivesto.”Whenthemessengerreturned,hesays,“Hesaidhelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.”Isthemessengeratruthtellerornotone?Howcanthevisitorbesurely?【參考答案】2.An-the;which-who;wants+to;he-him;ask-asking;or-and;to-on;returned-returns;one;surely-sure3.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃