37 科學(xué)技術(shù)-2023年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀

2023年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀-科學(xué)技術(shù)題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解介紹在《流浪地球II》里提及的兩大科學(xué)技術(shù)在未來中是否能實現(xiàn)的問題。2閱讀理解介紹了四個幫助抗擊疫情的高科技助手。3閱讀理解四個學(xué)生對高科技文具發(fā)表了不同的觀點。4閱讀理解講述了5G技術(shù)在北京冬奧會中的運(yùn)用，使得全世界電視機(jī)前的觀眾都可以有最好的觀感體驗。5閱讀理解介紹了中國科學(xué)家近期開發(fā)的一項可以把二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉的新技術(shù)。6閱讀回答問題人工智能將在接下來幾年對教育有重大影響，并主要對教師角色、教室及教室外的影響三個方面進(jìn)行闡述。01（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考一模）

TravelingbetweenEarthandspaceinanelevator(電梯),movingEarthawayfromthesunwithhugeengines...Ifyouhavewatchedthesci-fiblockbuster(大片)TheWanderingEarthII,youmusthavebeenwowedbytheseamazingtechnologies.Howfararetheseimaginativeideasfromreality?Couldwereallyachievethesethingssomeday?Let’stakealook.●EarthenginesInthemovie,thesunisbecomingbiggerandwill“eat”Earth.PeopleplantobuildtensofthousandsofenginesonEarthinordertopushitawayfromthesun.Theenergywillcomefromanuclearfusionreaction(核聚變反應(yīng)).Wouldthisbepossible?WangTengattheChineseAcademyofSciencestoldXinhuathatintheory(理論上),nuclearfusionispowerfulenoughtomoveEarth.AccordingtoWang,controllablenuclearfusionisoneofthekeyproblemsscientistsallovertheworldareworkingon.Inthereaction,twoatoms(原子)joinintoaheavierone,whichcreatesagreatamountofenergy.It’sthesameenergythatpowersthesunandotherstars.InDecember2022,USscientistsmadeabigbreakthrough(突破).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theymadeanuclearfusionreactionthatproducedmoreenergythanitcost.Althoughtheenergygain(獲得)wasnotmuch—onlyenoughforboilingabout9.5litersofwater,scientistsarepositivetheycouldusethisreactiontoproducecleanenergyinthefuture.●SpaceelevatorsThespaceelevatorsinthemovielookreallycool.TheytravelfastbetweencablesthatconnectEarthandthespacestation.AccordingtoWangYuanzhuofromtheChineseAcademyofSciences,thisideafirstcamefromRussianscientistKonstantinTsiolkovskyin1895afterseeingtheEiffelTowerinParis.ThebasicideaforspaceelevatorsistoconnectoneendofthecabletoEarthandtheotherendtoaspacestationthatfliesatthesamespeedEarthrotates(旋轉(zhuǎn)).Butthechallenge,asexpertstoldXinhua,istofindtherightmaterialforthecables.Acarbonnanotube(碳納米管)mightwork.Ashorttubeof1.6gramscanholdmorethan800tons,whichisabout160elephants.Sinceitsdiscoveryin1991,scientistshavebeentryingtocreateatubethatisaslongaspossible.Butthelongesttubewasonlyabouthalfameter,developedbyateamatTsinghuaUniversityin2013.Ifwecanbringthedesignintoreality,spaceelevatorscansavelotsofenergyandmoneycomparedwithrockets.Itwillalsomakeourtriptospacealoteasier.1．AccordingtoWangTeng,________.A．movingEarthwithenginesisimpossibleintheoryB．nuclearfusionisstilluncontrollablesofarC．thenumberofenginesneededtomoveEarthisunpredictableD．movingthesunandotherstarsispossibleintheory2．Whatwasthebigbreakthroughinnuclearfusionreactioninlate2022?A．Itproducedmoreenergythanitcost.B．Itproduced9.5litersofwater.C．Itprovedthesafetyofanuclearfusionreaction.D．Itproducedthecleanestenergyallovertheworld.3．Whicharenecessaryforbuildingaspaceelevator?a.Thespaceelevatorshouldbemadeofcarbonnanotube.b.ThecablethatconnectsEarthandthespacestationislongenough.c.ThespacestationfliesatthesamespeedEarthrotates.d.ThecablethatconnectsEarthandthespacestationisstrongenough.A．a(chǎn)bc B．a(chǎn)bd C．a(chǎn)cd D．bcd4．Whatcanweinferfromthetechnologiesinthemovie?A．Hightechnologieshavedarksidesaswell.B．Environmentalproblemsshouldbenoticed.C．Sci-fiworksarenotallaboutimagination.D．Theycannotbeachievedevenintheory.02（2022春·江西吉安·九年級校聯(lián)考期中）WecanusenewwaystofighttheCOVID-19.Let’smeetthesehigh-techhelpersinChina!DronesInsomecountryside,thepoliceusedronestofindpeopleingroups.Whentheyarefoundbydrones,thepolicewillwarnthemthroughtheloudspeakeronthedrone.SmartRobotsTimetoeat!Insomehospitals,smartrobotshelptosendfoodtopatients.Therobotscanalsohelptohandoutmedicineandshowthewaytopeople.3D“Hospitals”AcompanyinShanghaihasproduced15mobileroomswithin24hoursby3DprintingtechnologyandsentthemtoHubeiforpatientstolivein.Eachroomisaboutthesizeofabedroom.AISystemAttheMudanyuansubwaystationinBeijing,anAIsystemcancheckpeopleincrowdstoseeiftheyhavefevers.Aboutthreehundredpeoplecanbecheckedbyitinoneminute.5．Whatcantheyuseifthepolicewanttofindpeople?A．AIsystem. B．Smartrobots. C．Drones. D．3D“Hospitals”6．Whatcanthesmartrobotsdointhehospital?A．Playwiththepatients. B．Feedmedicine.C．Givedirections. D．Helppatientscheckin.7．Wheremaywereadtheabovematerial?A．Inasciencemagazine. B．Inanovel.C．Inatravelmagazine. D．Inastorybook.03（2023·四川成都·校考一模）Manynewkindsofstationeryareinventedtheseyears.Andtheyalreadyenteredthedailylifeofstudents.Haveyoueverboughtsuchproducts?Doyouthinksuch“high-tech”stationery（文具）ishelpful?Herearesomedifferentopinions.DongIhavemanyproductsofsuchstationery.Iboughtthemnotonlyfortheirlooksbutalsofortheirusefulness.Actually,withthe“high-tech”products,lifebecomesmuchmoreconvenient.Forexample,byusingtheelectricpencilsharpener,youwon’tgetyourhandsdirtyorwastetimecleaningyourdesk.Whatagreathelper!ZhongSuchstationeryishandyandconvenient.Theyareuseful.Forexample,theysavetime.Ittakesonly5to10seconds（秒）tocleanyourdeskwithanelectriccleanerbutwilltakeabout20secondsbyhand.Youmaythinkafewsecondsdoesn’tmatter.Butafter100timesofdoingit,itwillbealotoftime.Sobeopen-mindedandtrynewthings.QiuIdon’tbuysuch“high-tech”stationery.Stationeryisstudytoolsthatshouldbeuseful,notforplayingwith.Theycaneasilydistractstudentsinclass.Studentsmightspendalongertimeonsimplethings.And,high-techstationeryisusuallyexpensive.Mystationeryisnormalandcompletelyenoughfordailyuse.WangIdon’tthinksuchstationeryisnecessary.Ifindthatsomeofmyclassmatesarejustbusyplayingwiththemandshowingoffinfrontofothers.Theymayhaveforgottenthatthestationeryshouldactuallybeusedtohelpmaketheirstudylifeeasier,butnotmakethemignore（忽略）whattheyarelearning.8．Whichgoodpointof“high-tech”stationeryisbothmentionedbyDongandZhong?A．Ithasanicelook. B．It’sconvenienttouseit. C．Itmakeslifeinteresting.9．Whatisthereasonfordividingfourpeopleintotwogroups?A．Whethernewstationeryisuseful.B．Whystudentsneednewstationery.C．Whethernewstationeryshouldbeallowedinclass.10．HowmuchtimecanZhongsavebyusinganelectriccleanerfor100times?A．Halfanhour. B．Morethan25minutes. C．Morethan16minutes.11．Whichblankcanbefilledwiththeunderlinedword?A．Youcan_________yourselfifyoudon’tusethetoolcarefully.B．TheTVsoundmay_________Mike,socanyouturnitoffnow?C．Ididn’t_________CocoalthoughIsearchedeverywhereinthehouse.12．WhatdoesWang’slastsentencemean?A．Studentscan’tlearnwelliftheyliveaneasylife.B．“High-tech”stationerymakesstudentshavefunstudying.C．Using“high-tech”stationerytakesstudents’attentionawayfromstudy.04（2022·寧夏石嘴山·模擬預(yù)測）TheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGameshasgiventhebestexperienceforTVviewers(觀眾)aroundtheworld.“Withthehelpof5Gandcloudtechnologies,viewerswillbeabletoenjoytheworld’sclearestbroadcast—an8Kbroadcastinultra-highdefinition(超高清晰度),fromTVsetsintheirhomes.”saidYuHong,headofthetechnicaldepartmentoftheBeijing2022OrganizingCommittee.AtWukesongSportsCenter,manycamerasaresetuparoundthestadium.Theycanshoot(拍攝)competitionsfromdifferentangles(角度)atthesametime.Usingaphoneapp,viewerscanchoosedifferentviewinganglestowatchtheevents.5Gtechnologyiswidelyusedatthegames.Morethan1005Gbasestationshavebeensetup.Theygive5Gsignals(信號)inandaroundalloftheOlympicstadiums.ThehighwaysandrailwaysbetweentheBeijingandZhangjiakoucompetitionzonesalsohavefull5Gcoverage(覆蓋).The5Gnetworkcanstandhighwindsandcoldtemperatures,downto-45℃.AccordingtoChinaNewsService,5GnetworksevenbringtheBeijingWinterGamestoQomolangma.5GtowerstobroadcasttheBeijingWinterGamesaresetuparoundthemountain.PeopleareabletowatchlivebroadcastoftheGamesfromthetopoftheworld.13．Accordingtothepassage,wherearepeopleabletowatchtheBeijingWinterGamesby5G?A．HouseswithTVsets. B．Somewherewithaphoneapp.C．ThetopofQomolangmawith5Gtowers. D．Alloftheabove.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“broadcast”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．預(yù)測 B．轉(zhuǎn)播 C．探測 D．畫面15．ThepurposeofwritingParagraph3isto________.A．explainhow5GworksduringthecompetitionsB．showhowpeopleshootthecompetitionsC．teachhowtowatchthecompetitionswithaphoneappD．tellhowpeopleget5Gsignalsduringthecompetitions16．Whatdowelearnabout5GinParagraph4?A．Allthehighwaysandrailwaysarecoveredwithfull5G.B．The5Gnetworkisabletoworkinsomewherehard.C．PeopleonQomolangmaaren’tabletowatchtheBeijingWinterGames.D．TheOlympicGameswillbeabletobroadcastwithout5G.05（2022秋·山東濟(jì)南·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）Itisoftensaid,“Youcan’tliveonlyonair.”ButnowtheChinesescientistscantellyou:Maybeyoucan.Recently,someChinesescientistshavedevelopedanewtechnique（技術(shù)）.TheyturnedCO2,oneofthemaingreenhousegases,intostarch（淀粉）.Starchisthemainpartofflour（面粉）andricethatweeateveryday.Usually,it’screatedbyplantswithCO2,waterandsunlight.Accordingtotheteam’sdirectorMaYanhe,ittakestheplantsnearly60stepstoproducestarch.Butnow,theteam,aftersixyearsofhardwork,hasfoundasimplerwaytodothis,withonly11steps.“Ourstudyshowsthatcreatingsomethinglikestarchispossibleinalab,andthistechnologymaybehelpfulinmanyareas.”saidMa.ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen（氫氣）intomethanol（甲醇）.Thentheypieced（分解）thesemethanolmolecules（分子）intobiggerandmorecomplex（復(fù)雜的）molecules.Finallythestarchwasproduced.Thismethodmakesitpossibletoproducefoodinfactories,takingtheplaceoftraditionalfarming.Thiswillnotonlyhelpmakeplentyoffood,butalsosavewaterandland.ItmayalsohelprecycleCO2todealwithclimate（氣候）change,accordingtoChinaDaily.Thestudycanbehelpfulinspace,too.Astronautsmaynolongerneedtoworryabouttheirfoodastheytravelinspace.TheymaysimplyturntheCO2theybreatheoutintothefoodtheyeat!17．Withanewtechnique,theChinesescientistscouldturnCO2into________.A．a(chǎn)ir B．water C．sunlight D．starch18．Plantscancreatestarchwith_________.A．CO2andwater B．waterandsunlight C．CO2,waterandsunlight D．CO2andhydrogen19．What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?A．Howthestarchwasproduced. B．It’sdifficulttoturnCO2intothestarch.C．Scientistscandocomplexwork. D．Ittellsustheimportanceofthestarch.20．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewmethodmaynothelp________.A．savewaterandland B．producefoodinfactoriesC．sendastronautsintospace D．recycleCO2todealwithclimatechange21．Thetextprobablycomesfroma________.A．guidebook B．sportsnewspaper C．sciencemagazine D．storybook06（2022春·山東煙臺·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）閱讀下面短文，完成短文后的問題。Artificialintelligence(人工智能),orAIforshort,hasbecomeanimportantpartofourdailylife.ItiscertainthatAIwillhaveagreateffectoneducationinthenextfewyears.Let’sseehow!TheroleofteachersWhatwilltheroleofteachersbeinthisroboticclassroomofthefuture?ManyteachersworrythatAIwilltaketheirjobs.Actuallyhumanteacherswillalwaysbeneededtomanagetheclassroomenvironmentandtoencouragestudents.Alargepartofeducationforchildrenisteachingthemsocial-emotionalskills.WhileAIprogramshaveproventheycanteachstudentstoreadandsolvemathproblems,teachingsocial-emotionalskillsismorecomplex(復(fù)雜的).Thatkindoflearningneedsthehumantouchthatonlyteacherscanprovide.ClassroomsCertaintaskscanbemadeeasierthroughtheuseofAI.Grading,forexample,canbedonequicklyandeasilybyusingAI.Inthefuture,somebelieveAIwillevenbeabletotellifstudentsarehavingproblemswithacertainsubjectbasedontheirfacial(面部的)expressionsalone.AIcanalsoprovideachanceofreceivinganeducationforthosewhohavehearingproblemsorareunabletospeakthelocallanguage.AIoutsidetheclassroomAIineducationisextending(延伸)outsidetheclassroom,too.Thetechnologyisalsobeingusedtohelpstudentspreparefortests,suchascollegeentranceexams.Itcanalsohelpthemwiththeirhomework.HasyourschoolusedAI?DoyouthinkAIisthefutureofeducation?22．WhatcanAIprogramsteachstudentstodo?_________________________________________23．Whywon’tAItaketheplaceofhumanteachers?_________________________________________24．HowcanAImakegrading?_________________________________________25．What’sthegoodnewsforthosewhohavehearingproblems?_________________________________________26．ListtwothingsthatAIwillhelpstudentsdooutsidetheclassroom._________________________________________參考答案：1．B

2．A

3．A

4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要是介紹在《流浪地球II》里提及的兩大科學(xué)技術(shù)在未來中是否能實現(xiàn)的問題。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“intheory(理論上),nuclearfusionispowerfulenoughtomoveEarth.AccordingtoWang,controllablenuclearfusionisoneofthekeyproblemsscientistsallovertheworldareworkingon.”可知可控核聚變是全世界科學(xué)家正在研究的關(guān)鍵問題之一，說明核聚變至今仍不可控，故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“InDecember2022,USscientistsmadeabigbreakthrough(突破).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theymadeanuclearfusionreactionthatproducedmoreenergythanitcost.”可知歷史上第一次，他們進(jìn)行的核聚變反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的能量超過了成本，故選A。3．推理判斷題?！癟hebasicideaforspaceelevatorsis…aspacestationthatfliesatthesamespeedEarthrotates.”對應(yīng)c“空間站以地球自轉(zhuǎn)的速度飛行?！保弧癇utthechallenge,asexpertstoldXinhua,istofindtherightmaterialforthecables.Acarbonnanotube(碳納米管)mightwork.”對應(yīng)a“空間電梯應(yīng)該由碳納米管制成?！?；“scientistshavebeentryingtocreateatubethatisaslongaspossible.”對應(yīng)b“連接地球和空間站的電纜足夠長?！?。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“scientistsarepositivetheycouldusethisreactiontoproducecleanenergyinthefuture.”和“Ifwecanbringthedesignintoreality,spaceelevatorscansavelotsofenergyandmoneycomparedwithrockets.”等可知《流浪地球II》的兩大科學(xué)技術(shù)并非憑空瞎想，都有理論依據(jù)，未來也可能實現(xiàn)。故選C。5．C

6．C

7．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了四個幫助抗擊疫情的高科技助手。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的“Insomecountryside,thepoliceusedronestofindpeopleingroups.”可知在農(nóng)村，警察可以用無人機(jī)找人。故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的“Therobotscanalsohelptohandoutmedicineandshowthewaytopeople.”可知機(jī)器人還可以幫助分發(fā)藥物并向人們指路。故選C。7．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，主要介紹幾個高科技助手，因此可能在科學(xué)雜志上讀到。故選A。8．B

9．A

10．C

11．B

12．C【導(dǎo)語】本文四個學(xué)生對高科技文具發(fā)表了不同的觀點。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Actually,withthe‘high-tech’products,lifebecomesmuchmoreconvenient.”及“Suchstationeryishandyandconvenient.”可知，兩人都認(rèn)為“高科技”文具很方便使用，故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Doyouthinksuch‘high-tech’stationery（文具）ishelpful?Herearesomedifferentopinions”可知，分成兩組是為了討論新文具是否有用，故選A。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ittakesonly5to10seconds（秒）tocleanyourdeskwithanelectriccleanerbutwilltakeabout20secondsbyhand”可知，用電動的只需要5—10秒，用手動的需要20秒，一次相當(dāng)于節(jié)省10—15秒，用100次就是節(jié)省1000多秒，也就是10多分鐘，故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Stationeryisstudytoolsthatshouldbeuseful,notforplayingwith.Theycaneasilydistractstudentsinclass”可知，文具能讓學(xué)生們在課堂上分心，將劃線詞放進(jìn)B選項可表示“分心”的意思，故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“heymayhaveforgottenthatthestationeryshouldactuallybeusedtohelpmaketheirstudylifeeasier,butnotmakethemignore（忽略）whattheyarelearning”可知，他認(rèn)為使用“高科技”文具會分散學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)注意力，故選C。13．D

14．B

15．A

16．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了5G技術(shù)在北京冬奧會中的運(yùn)用，使得全世界電視機(jī)前的觀眾都可以有最好的觀感體驗。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withthehelpof5Gandcloudtechnologies,viewerswillbeabletoenjoytheworld’sclearestbroadcast—an8Kbroadcastinultra-highdefinition(超高清晰度),fromTVsetsintheirhomes.”，第三段中“Usingaphoneapp,viewerscanchoosedifferentviewinganglestowatchtheevents.”和最后一段中“5GnetworksevenbringtheBeijingWinterGamestoQomolangma.5GtowerstobroadcasttheBeijingWinterGamesaresetuparoundthemountain.”可知，觀眾能夠在家里的電視機(jī)、有5G發(fā)射塔的珠穆朗瑪峰以及手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序觀看冬奧會。故選D。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“fromTVsetsintheirhomes”可知，在5G和云技術(shù)的幫助下，觀眾將能夠在家里的電視機(jī)上享受世界上最清晰的8K超高清播放。因此“broadcast”意為“轉(zhuǎn)播”。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Morethan1005Gbasestationshavebeensetup.Theygive5Gsignals(信號)inandaroundalloftheOlympicstadiums.”可知，5G技術(shù)在奧運(yùn)會上得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，本段目的是解釋5G在比賽期間是如何工作的。故選A。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The5Gnetworkcanstandhighwindsandcoldtemperatures,downto-45℃.AccordingtoChinaNewsService,5GnetworksevenbringtheBeijingWinterGamestoQomolangma.”可知，5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以承受低至零下45℃的大風(fēng)和低溫，由此推知5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠在困難的地方工作。故選B。17．D

18．C

19．A

20．C

21．C【導(dǎo)語】文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)家近期開發(fā)的一項可以把二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉的新技術(shù)。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Recently,someChinesescientistshavedevelopedanewtechnique（技術(shù)）.TheyturnedCO2,oneofthemaingreenhousegases,intostarch（淀粉）.”可知，最近，一些中國科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一項新技術(shù)，他們將二氧化碳，主要的溫室氣體之一，轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉。故選D。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Usually,it’screatedbyplantswithCO2,waterandsunlight.”可知，通常，它是由植物用二氧化碳、水和陽光產(chǎn)生的。故選C。19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen（氫氣）intomethanol（甲醇）.Thentheypieced（分解）thesemethanolmolecules（分子）intobiggerandmorecomplex（復(fù)雜的）molecules.Finallythestarchwasproduced.”可知，科學(xué)家們首先將二氧化碳和氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化為甲醇，然后他們分解這些甲醇分子，使其變得更大更復(fù)雜的分子。最后產(chǎn)生了淀粉。說明此段主要介紹了淀粉是如何產(chǎn)生的。故選A。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thiswillnotonlyhelpmakeplentyoffood,butalsosavewaterandland.ItmayalsohelprecycleCO2todealwithclimate（氣候）change,accordingtoChinaDaily.”可知，據(jù)《中國日報》報道，這不僅有助于制造充足的食物，還可以節(jié)約用水和土地。它還可以幫助回收利用二氧化碳以應(yīng)對氣候變化。根據(jù)“Thestudycanbehelpfulinspace,too.Astronautsmaynolongerneedtoworryabouttheir