第12講-Unit-4單詞詞組短語知識點講解(選修第一冊)(原卷版)

第12講Unit4單詞詞組短語知識點講解1．了解本單元的單詞和詞組等重要語言點。2．可以根據(jù)本節(jié)課的內容來完成一些習題。1.varyvi.(根據(jù)情況)變化；改變※Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.(教材典句)與口語一樣,身勢語也因文化不同而存在差異。※Thecolouroftheinsectvarieswiththeseason.這種昆蟲的顏色隨季節(jié)而改變。※(2020·天津高考)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.飯店可以隨著菜單上各種食物的選擇而提供音樂的選擇,這就允許顧客們更加自如地掌控他們就餐的氛圍。※(2020·浙江高考)However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.然而,各種各樣的類型都被呈現(xiàn)在這里。[知識拓展](1)varyinsth. 在某方面不同varywithsth. 隨……而變化varybetween...and...＝varyfrom...to... 由……到……情況不等(2)varietyn. 變化；種類；多樣性avarietyof＝varietiesof 許多的；各種各樣的(3)variousadj. 各種各樣的[即學即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Thestudents'workvariesconsiderablyquality.②Pricesvarythetypeoftheroomyourequire.③Opinionsonthismattervarygreatlyfrompersontoperson.④由于各種原因，我不愿見他。,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.＝,I'dprefernottomeethim.2.approvevi.贊成；同意vt.批準；通過(教材P38)Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.相反，在另一些國家，眼神交流并不總是被認可。(1)vt.批準；通過（計劃、要求等）Congressapprovedthebudget.國會批準了該預算。Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplan.市議會批準了這項建筑計劃。(2)vi.贊成；同意。Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法嗎？Youmadeawisedecision,andIthoroughlyapprovedofit.你做出了一個明智的決定，我完全贊同。Iamafraidyourparentswon'tapproveofyourmarryinghim.我恐怕你的父母不會贊成你和他結婚。※Whydon’tyouapproveofmetakingpartinthehobbygroup?(話題典句)你為什么不同意我加入興趣小組?※Thedecision,madebyBoeing’sboard,followsthenewslastweekthattheFederalAviationAdministrationwouldnotapproveofresumedflightsofthe737MAXairplanesbefore2020.(時事典句)波音董事會是在上周曝出美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局2020年前不會批準737MAX噴氣式客機復飛的消息后做出這項決定的。※TheNationalAnthemLaw,approvedin2017,statesthatthenationalanthemshouldbeplayedandsungatprimaryandmiddleschoolsnationwide.2017年通過的《國歌法》規(guī)定,全國中小學應當組織學生奏唱國歌。※Newpublicopinionpollsshowthepresident’sapprovalratingatitslowestpointsincehetookoffice.新的民意調查顯示總統(tǒng)的支持率跌到了他就職以來的最低點。[知識拓展](1)approveof(doing)sth.贊成/同意(做)某事approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.同意某人做某事(2)approvaln.贊許；贊成；同意；批準【注意】表達“贊成/同意某人做某事”不能用approvesb.todosth.,因為approve作“同意；贊成”講時是不及物動詞，所以應該用approveofsb./one'sdoingsth.，其中介詞of后是v.-ing的復合結構。[詞塊]approveanewpolicy批準一項新政策approveoftheplan贊成這個計劃win/earnsb.'sapproval贏得某人的同意/贊許[名師點津]英語中有很多動詞加al變?yōu)槊~形式,常見的有:approve→approvalsurvive→survivalarrive→arrivalrefuse→refusal（1）練基礎：單句語法填空①Iapproveofyour(try)tomakesomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.②Itfoundmanyyoungstersmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublic(approve)theygotonline.③Doyouapprovetheideathatsuccesscanbemeasuredintermsofmoneyalone?（2）練能力：完成句子他在學校表現(xiàn)出色，希望以此得到父母的贊許。④Bydoingwellatschoolhehopedto.3.differvi.不同于；相異(1)vi.有區(qū)別；與……相同；不同于。民身人個一民醫(yī)費人育，Hishousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他的房子和我的不同，區(qū)別在于沒有車庫。(2)vi.(人）看法不同；與…意見不同。Thetwosidesinthedisputestilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.爭執(zhí)的雙方在報酬問題上仍各持己見?！鵄mericanEnglishandBritishEnglishdifferinsomesmallways.美式英語和英式英語在一些細節(jié)上有差別?！鵋owdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?在拼圖游戲中男孩和女孩有著怎樣的不同呢?※Butsomepeopledifferwithusonthatquestion.(話題典句)但是有些人在那個問題上和我們意見不同?！?2019·全國卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobsIwouldliketodo.自從我是個孩子的時候,我就考慮我喜歡做的各種工作。[知識拓展](1)differin在……方面不同differfrom與……不同(2)differencen.不同之處makeadifference(to...)(對……)起作用；(對……)有影響(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面與……不同(4)differentlyadv.不同地[詞塊]differintheirattitudestowardsfailure他們對失敗持有不同的態(tài)度differgreatlyincharacter性格迥異（1）練基礎：單句語法填空①(2020·天津卷)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe(different)betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance—curiosityanddiscontent.②Eventhoughwecompletelydifferfromeachothercharacter,wearestillgreatfriends.③(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberof(differ)techniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.（2）練能力：完成句子我堅信如果每個人都努力一點，我們將起重大作用。④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatifeveryonemakesalittleeffort,wecan.4.employvt.使用;應用;雇用派生:employern.雇主employeen.雇員employmentn.雇用※Theboyemployedapentoopenthepackageinsteadofaknife.男孩用鋼筆而不是用小刀來打開包裹?！鵉orthepastthreeyears,hehasbeenemployedasafirefighter.在過去的三年里,他一直被聘為消防員?！?2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.跟蹤北極熊數(shù)量的現(xiàn)代方法自20世紀80年代中期才開始使用?！鵖hehasemployedherselfinmakingpreparationsforthemeetingallthemorning.整個上午她一直忙于會議的準備工作?！?2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.當你的員工們開始把微笑的表情符號加到他們的商業(yè)交流中去時,你就會知道你已經(jīng)成功地改進了你們的工作文化?？键c必記(1)employsb雇用某人(2)employeen.雇員employern.雇主(3)employmentn.使用;職業(yè);雇用unemploymentn.失業(yè)跟蹤訓練1.Anumberofpeoplehavebeenemployed________(deal)withthework2.Itrequiresnotrainingbefore______________(employ)3.The____________(employ)ofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehis__________(employ)enjoytheirwork.5.favourvt.較喜歡；選擇；有利于n．幫助；恩惠；贊同※Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.(教材典句)在其他地方,人們見面時更喜歡握手、深鞠躬或者點頭。※Thewarmclimatefavoursmanytypesoftropicalplants.溫暖的氣候對多種熱帶植物生長有利。※Thevotesaretotallyinherfavour.投票結果完全對她有利。※Manypeopleareinfavourofabanonsmokinginpublic.許多人贊成在公共場所禁煙。※DomeafavourandturntheradiodownwhileIamonthephone,willyou?幫我個忙,在我打電話時把收音機的聲音調小一點好嗎?[知識拓展](1)asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.請某人幫忙doafavourforsb.＝dosb.afavour給某人以恩惠；幫助某人infavourof支持；贊同(2)favourableadj.贊成的；有利的(3)favouriteadj.最喜愛的n.特別喜愛的人(或事物)[詞塊]wintheteacher'sfavour贏得老師的好感fortunefavoursthebold/brave天佑勇者favouryourproposal贊成你的建議使用favour構成的短語時需注意其中有無冠詞。Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthatlight?你能幫我個忙，把那盞燈關掉好嗎？-CanIaskafavourofyou?我可以請你幫個忙嗎？—Sure,whatcanIdoforyou?當然（可以）,我能為你做什么呢？Iaminfavourofgoingtothemoviesonweekends.我贊成周末去看電影。Thedelayofthematchmaybeinourfavour.比賽推遲或許對我們有利。Thevotewas60:59inhisfavour.投票結果是60:59,他占優(yōu)勢。Fortunefavoursthosewhousetheirjudgement.機遇偏愛善斷之人。[即學即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①MostofthemwereinfavourmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.②Theexchangerateisourfavourforthetimebeing.③今天你能幫我個忙去學校接山姆嗎？CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?＝CouldyouandpickupSamfromschooltoday?④我想請你幫忙，你能把你的電話借給我嗎？Iwantto;willyoulendmeyourcellphone?＝Iwantto；willyoulendmeyourcellphone?[圖形助記]6.breakdown消除；分解；打破(1)(機器）損壞；破壞；出故障。為不及物動詞短語。Thecarbrokedownonhiswayhome.在他回家的路上汽車壞了。Themachinebrokedownatthisbusyhour.正忙的時候機器出了故障。(2)(討論、談判等）失敗。為不及物動詞短語。Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.據(jù)新聞報道兩國的和談失敗，未達成任何協(xié)議。(3)(健康或精神等方面）垮掉；崩潰。為不及物動詞短語。Hishealthhasbrokendownbecauseofthepressureofwork.由于工作壓力，他的身體垮下來了。(4)(化合物等）使分解。為及物動詞短語。Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.食物在胃里被分解。※Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.(教材典句)微笑能消除隔閡。※Hiscarbrokedownhalfwaythedaybeforeyesterday.前天他的轎車半路上拋錨了。※Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.工作的壓力把她的身體弄垮了。※Sugarisbrokendowninthestomach.糖在胃中被分解。[知識拓展]breakawayfrom 脫離；擺脫；掙脫；打破陳規(guī)breakin 闖入；強行進入breakout 突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)(不用于被動語態(tài))breakup 打碎；分裂；解體；解散[即學即練]——完成句子①他的車在路上出故障了，那就是他開會遲到的原因。Hiscarontheway,andthatwaswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.②這個女孩掙脫她媽媽，跑了。Thegirlhermotherandranaway.③這個樂隊大約在1970年解散，但是令人高興的是，到了20世紀80年代中期他們再次相聚。Thebandabout1970,buthappilytheyreunitedinthemid-1980s.④在這一地區(qū)總有意想不到的事情發(fā)生。Somethingunexpectedalwaysinthisarea.⑤為了很快地進入著火的房子，消防隊員拆了那面墻。Thefiremeninordertogainquickaccesstothebuildingonfire.7.witnessvt.當場看到；目擊；見證n．目擊者；證人※InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(教材典句)在日本,看到有人使用這個手勢的人可能認為它是“錢”的意思。※(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.然而,在目睹他們的母親贏得學位的過程中孩子們已經(jīng)學到了重要的一課。※Onewitnesstotheaccidentsaidthedriverappearedtobedrunk.那起事故的一個目擊者說司機好像喝醉了。※Mycoworkerscangivewitnesstomyhonesty.我的同事都能為我的誠實作證。[知識拓展](1)witnesssth. 目擊了某事witnessto(doing)sth. 證實，證明(做)某事witnessfor 為……作證(2)beawitnesstosth. 是某事的證據(jù)/證人bear/givewitnessto 做……的證人；為……作證（1）練基礎：單句語法填空①(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)LastSunday(witness)anextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.②(witness)thoughthewasdeadbuthewokeup20minuteslater,lyinginmuddywater.③Hisgoodhealthisawitnessthesuccessofthetreatment.（2）練能力：詞匯升級(普通表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmansawtheroadaccident.④(高級表達)Whenhewalkedoutofthepark,theoldmantheroadaccident.[圖形助記]8.reliableadj.可信賴的；可靠的Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone'sfeelings，theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?哪一種方式更能幫助我們理解別人的感受：是肢體語言還是他們說的語言？[例1]Ithasahighlyreliablecontrolsystem.它具備一套極可靠的控制系統(tǒng)。[例2]He'sagoodmusicianandtotallyreliable．他是個出色的音樂家，而且非?？煽俊知識拓展](1)areliablefriend 可靠的朋友bereliableas 作為……是可靠的(2)relyv. 信任；信賴；依賴；依靠relyon/upon 依靠；依賴relyonitthat... 相信[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thisstatementisnotreliableevidence.②Itwouldbebettertorelyourselvesthanonothers.③Youmayrelyonthathewillhelpyou.④那個年輕人誠實，且有合作精神，當你需要他幫忙的時候，他總是在那兒。簡言之，他很可靠。Theyoungmanishonest,cooperative,andisalwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,．[小片段填空]Theland,theessentialmeansofproduction,isthemostlivingsecuritythatthepeasantscan．土地作為基本的生產資料，是農民可以依賴的最可靠的生活保障。occupyvt.占據(jù);占用※Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.(教材典句)他們雙手托著下巴,很專注地盯著窗外或天花板?！鵋elenwasfullyoccupiedlookingaftertwochildren.照顧兩個孩子使海倫忙得不可開交?！?2020·天津高考)Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.它鼓勵我們占領自己的小角落,避免愚蠢地跳進黑暗中,去自我滿足?！鵓leasestateyourname,ageandoccupationbelow.請在下面寫明姓名、年齡和職業(yè)。【詞組】(1)occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于……；專心于……(2)occupiedadj.忙于……的；從事……的；已被占用的；被占領的beoccupiedindoingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.從事/忙于某事(3)occupationn.占領；職業(yè)；工作【注意】“忙于做某事”的其他表達方式有：bebusywithsth./(in)doingsth.，beemployedwithsth./(in)doingsth.，beengagedinsth.。[詞塊]occupyhalfofthetime占用了一半的時間occupyherselfwithroutineofficetasks她忙于辦公室的日常工作（1）練基礎：單句語法填空①I'veinventedagamethatwillkeepthekids(occupy)forhours.②(天津卷)Withthecollegeentranceexaminationdrawingnear,Iamoccupied