2022邯鄲市邯山區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)一輪閱讀理解選練(11)及答案

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Youknowhowwonderfulyouare，andyouknowthatothersknowhowwonderfulyouare，butwhatdoyoudowhenadmirationcrossesoverthelineintojealousy？Formostteenstherewillcomeadaywhenyourealizethatoneofyourfriendsisjealousandthatthisjealousyishurtingyourfriendship.Whenthishappensitcanseemlikethereisnothingthatyoucando，butthegoodnewsisthatthereis.Don'tletjealousyspoilyourrelationships.Tackleitheadonandyoumightbebacktonormalmuchsoonerthanyouthink.Itcanbehardtowalkuptoafriendandaskthemwhattheproblemis，butifyouwanttosaveyourfriendshipyou'llhavetodojustthat.Don'tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou(unlessofcourseyouwanttoappeartotallyconceited)，justtakesometimealonewiththemandletthemknowthatyou'vebeenfeelinglikethere'sbeensomethingcomingbetweenyou.Iftheyrefusetorespond，thenusetheopportunitytoexplainhowyouhavebeenfeeling.Chancesarethatsomethingyousaywillstrikeanerveandyourfriendwillopenupaswell.Whenyoufigureoutwhatisannoyingyourfriend，askhimorherwhat(s)hethinkswouldmakethesituationbetter.If，forexample，(s)hesaysthat(s)hefeelslike(s)hedoesn'tgettospendanytimewithyoubecauseofyourbeingoffwithyournewfriendsfromtheswimteamthenmaybeyoucouldinviteheralongthenexttimeorblockoffonedayaweekforjustthetwoofyou.Remember，though，thatwhateversolutionyoudecideonshouldbeacompromise.Don'tlimityourowntalentsoropportunitiessimplybecauseyourfriendisunhappy.Tryinsteadtoincludehimorherinyournewlifeandseehowthatworksout.Eventhebestoffriendshipscanbetingedbyjealousy.Thisdestructiveemotionisrarelyproductiveandcanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.Beforetakingextremeaction，chatwithyourjealousfriendtoseeifthetwoofyoucanworkoutacompromise.Ifyoucan't，bepreparedtoknowexactlyhowfaryouwillgotokeepyourfriendandhowfaryouwon't.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是關(guān)于人際關(guān)系的話題。尤其是青少年伴侶之間會(huì)由于嫉妒而使相互間的友情被破壞，本文著重?cái)⑹鋈绾翁幚肀话閭H嫉妒及處理過(guò)程中可能遇到的困難。1．Accordingtotheauthor，thejealousyemotionis________.A．normal B．productiveC．destructive D．extreme解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段其次句．..thatthisjealousyishurtingyourfriendship.可知。答案C2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytoconfrontyourfriendwhenjealousyhappens?A．Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhyhe/sheisjealousofyou.B．Walkinguptohim/herandaskinghim/herwhattheproblemis.C．Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowhowyoufeel.D．Spendingsometimewithhim/herandlettinghim/herknowyouthinkthere'ssomethingcomingbetweenyou.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由其次段其次句Don'tapproachthemandaskwhytheyarejealousofyou可知。答案A3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．There'salwaysasolutiontosolvetheproblemofjealousy.B．Jealousycanturnbestfriendsintoworstenemies.C．Youmayloseafriendtokeepyourowngifts，chancesorselfdevelopment.D．Youshouldgoalongwaywithyourfriendtoworkoutasolution解析推理推斷題。答案C4．Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A．toexplainwhatcausesjealousyB．tooffersomeadviceonmakingfriendsC．tointroducethewaytocopewithajealousfriendD．toexplainhowdestructivethejealousemotionis解析作者意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文的寫(xiě)作目的是介紹處理有嫉妒心伴侶的方法。答案C.【2021界廣東省汕頭市質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)試題】Communitytheatreisatheatrethatisrunbyalocaldistrictwiththeeffortsofvolunteers.Theyoffermanydifferentkindsofproductions,suchasmusicaltheatre,dancetheatreandchildren’stheatre.Usually,performersareamateurswhoreceivenopay,butatothertimesprofessionalsgetinvolved,andtheyarepaid.Communitytheatresoftodayarealittledifferentftomtheold“l(fā)ittletheatres”，asmostaresimplyrunbycollegesandtheirtheatredepartments.Communitytheatresareagreatwaytogetinvolvedwithlocalactors.Now,mosttheatresputonshowsthatwillentertainorbenefitthecommunity.Inthe1880s,“l(fā)ittletheatre”wasstartedinEuropesothatpoorpeoplecouldseetheatricalproductionswithouthavingtotravelfarorpayalot.In1910，thisideatraveledtotheUnitedStates.Intheearlyyears,communitytheatreswereevenfundedbythegovernment,butwhenshowsbecametoopolitical,governmentfundingwasstopped.Communitytheatresoftodayarealittledifferentfromtheold“l(fā)ittletheatres”，asmostsimplywanttoinfuselittlecultureintothelivesofthelocalcitizens.Inmanycases,thesetheatresarerunbycollegesandtheirtheatredepartments.Theseproductionsareoftenfreeofcharge,orchargeverylittlemoneytopayforcostumesandotherincidentalexpenses.Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.Additionally,forthosewhodesirestronglytobecomeprofessionalactorsandtoonedaygetachancetoactinanationaltheatreproduction,itisanexcitingplacetolearnanddeveloptheatricalskills.41. Whywas“l(fā)ittletheatre”startedinEurope?A. Toputonshowsforchildren.B. Tocollectmoneyforpoorpeople.C. Toentertainpoorpeople.D. Togetpeopleinterestedintheatricalproductions.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“‘littletheatre”’wasstartedinEuropesothatpoorpeoplecouldseetheatricalproductionswithouthavingtotravelfarorpayalot.”可知，是為了讓窮人消遣。故選C。42.Fromthepassageweknowthatcommunitytheatrescan_____.A. helpyoungpeoplemakemoremoneyB. preventyoungpeoplegettingintotroubleC. helpyoungpeopleenterthecollegesD. encourageyoungpeopletobecomemoreresponsible【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.”可知社區(qū)劇院可以防止年輕人惹事。故選B。43. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcommunitytheatre?A. Itisusuallyfundedbythegovernment.B. Itisintendedtotrainprofessionalactors.?C. Itbenefitsthecommunityinmanyways.D. Itisquitedifferentfromtheold“l(fā)ittletheatres”.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。由“Manyalsoencouragetheparticipationofchildrenandotheryoungpeopletoletthemdeveloptheatricalskills,aswellastokeepthembusysothattheydonotchoosetogetintotrouble.”可知社區(qū)劇院在很多方面給社區(qū)帶來(lái)利益。故選C。44.Whichofthefollowingsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“infuse”inPara.3?A.getridof B.fillwithC. cutdown D.fullof【答案】B【解析】詞義猜想題。A。擺脫，除去；B。充入，裝滿；C.削減，砍倒，刪節(jié)；D。裝滿。由上下文可知，它們想灌輸一點(diǎn)文化到當(dāng)?shù)毓竦纳钪小?5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat_____.A. someprofessionalactorsmaycomefromthecommunitytheatresB. communitytheatresonlychargeforincidentalexpensesC. communitytheatreshavelosttheirattractiontodayD. peoplecanlivebyactinginthecommunitytheatres【答案】A【解析】推斷推理題。由“forthosewhodesirestronglytobecomeprofessionalactorsandtoonedaygetachancetoactinanationaltheatreproduction,itisanexcitingplacetolearnanddeveloptheatricalskills.”可知一些專(zhuān)業(yè)演員可能出自社區(qū)劇院。故選A。PassageThirty-four

(TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience)

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,postureandpressureapparentlymayarisethroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitation:itisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.

Upuntil1950,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith

[A].vexation.

.irritability.

[C].discouragement

[D].neutrality

2.

Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”primarilyinordertoemphasizethe

[A].lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings.

.similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists.

[C].similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings.

[D].continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem.

3.

Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisreinforcedbythedepictionoftheexperimentinlines16—19?

[A].Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated.

.Qualitativediversityinnervepotentialscannowbestudiedmoreaccurately.

[C].Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce.

[D].Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions.

4.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?

[A].Nervecells.

.Nerveimpulses.

[C].Corticalareas.

[C].Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses.

Vocabulary

1.

mentalexperiences

精神感受

2.

discharge

釋放

3.

negligible

微小的，可以忽視不計(jì)的

4.

manifold

多種多樣的，多方面

5.

neuron

神經(jīng)元/細(xì)胞

6.

neural

（中樞）神經(jīng)的（系統(tǒng)）

7.

qualitativediversity

質(zhì)的多樣性，量變的

8.

disprove

反對(duì)，反證

9.

homogeneous

相像的

10.

sensorynerve

感覺(jué)神經(jīng)

11.

cortical

外皮的，皮質(zhì)的

12.

cerebralcortex

大腦皮層

13.

locus

地點(diǎn)，區(qū)域

14.

psychoneural

精神神經(jīng)

15.

heterogeneous

異源的，異種的，異體的

16.

spatiotenporal

時(shí)空的

難句譯注

1.

Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]句型為such…as可as具有關(guān)系代詞作用，此處作從句中hadbeendemonstrated的主語(yǔ)。

[參考譯文]神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中所顯示的諸如在尺寸，外形，化學(xué)，神經(jīng)脈沖中傳導(dǎo)速度，激發(fā)界限等方面的那種變化差異對(duì)多方面的精神感受可能有聯(lián)系來(lái)說(shuō)照舊意義不大。

2.

Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.

[參考譯文]有可能用其他方法來(lái)顯示神經(jīng)類(lèi)型之間微小的結(jié)構(gòu)差異?？墒?，缺乏證據(jù)證明脈沖的或者其脈沖傳導(dǎo)的質(zhì)量受這些差別的影響。相反，這種質(zhì)量看起來(lái)它卻影響了中樞神經(jīng)循環(huán)的進(jìn)展模式。

3.

Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.

[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]主從句。后面跟解釋性同位語(yǔ)：thatis……。

[參考譯文]在一個(gè)試驗(yàn)中，當(dāng)電刺激作用于有意識(shí)的人體大腦皮層的某個(gè)感覺(jué)部位，它對(duì)這個(gè)特定部位產(chǎn)生一種恰如其分的感覺(jué)道，也就是說(shuō)，視覺(jué)來(lái)自視覺(jué)皮層，聽(tīng)覺(jué)來(lái)自聽(tīng)皮層，以此類(lèi)推。

4.

Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswere