2022高考英語(yǔ)唐山市路南區(qū)閱讀短文復(fù)習(xí)單詞暑假練習(xí)(10)及答案

閱讀理解。DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationofsavings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplanfellapart.“Ihavetwokidsincollege,andIwanttosay‘comehome,’butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethemwithagoodeducation,”saysJacobs.TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidformtheschools,andeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloan(貸款)program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt,butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool.Withunemploymentrising,financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs.Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.Collegeadministratorsareconcernedthattheywillnothaveenoughaidmoneytogoaround.Atthesametime,tuition（學(xué)費(fèi)）continuestorise.AreportfromtheNationalCenterforPublicPolicyandHigherEducationfoundthatcollegetuitionandfeesincreased439%from1982to2007,whileaveragefamilyincomerosejust14“Ifwegoonthiswayforanother25years,wewon’thaveanaffordablesystemofhighereducation,”saysPatrickM.Callan,presidentofthecenter.“Themiddleclassfamilieshavebeenfinancingitthroughdebt.Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt.”Financialaidadministratorshavebeenhavingahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitableenoughandhavestoppedmakingthem.Thegoodnews,however,isthatfederalloansaccountforaboutthreequartersofstudentborrowing,andthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whydidtheplanofJacobsfamilyfail?A.Thetwinswastedtoomuchmoney.B.Thefatherwasoutofwork.C.Theirsavingranout.D.Thefamilyfellapart.2.HowdidtheJacobsmanagetosolvetheirproblem?A.Theyaskedtheirkidstocomehome.B.Theyborrowed$20,000fromtheschool.C.Theyencouragedtheirtwinsonstodopart-timejobs.D.Theygothelpfromtheschoolandthefederalgovernment.3.Financialaidadministratorsbelievethat_______.A.morefamilieswillfacethesameproblemastheJacobsesB.thegovernmentwillreceivemorelettersofcomplaintC.collegetuitionfeeswilldoublesoonD.America’sunemploymentwillfall4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemiddleclassfamiliesfromthetext?A.Theyblamedthegovernmentforthetuitionincrease.B.Theirincomeremainedsteadyinthelastdecade.C.Theywilltrytheirbesttosendkidstocollege.D.Theirdebtswillbepaidoffwithin25years.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thegovernmentwill.A.providemoststudentswillscholarshipsB.dismisssomefinancialaidadministratorsC.stopthecompaniesfrommakingstudentloansD.goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents【文章大意】這是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)費(fèi)貸款的文章?！緟⒖即鸢浮?5、BDACD完型填空。閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，然后從以下題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。[說(shuō)明文型完形填空]Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirwork,theymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspa-persandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In__1__ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend__2__canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare__3__readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading__4__atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency__5__intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave__6__meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.__7__，however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto__8__wordsorpassages.Thetendencytolookbackoverwhatyouhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich__9__downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyasonereads.Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan__10__，whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate__11__thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,__12__word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirstcomprehensionissacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,__13__yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefoundtheirreadingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.__14__CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminutebeforethetraining,nowitisanexcellent1，378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan__15__alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.1.A．a(chǎn)pplyingB．doingC．offeringD．getting2.A．quicklyB．easilyC．roughlyD．decidedly3.A．goodB．curiousC．poorD．urgent4.A．trainingsB．habitsC．situationsD．customs5.A．liesB．combinesC．touchesD．involves6.A．someB．a(chǎn)lotofC．littleD．dull7.A．FortunatelyB．ActuallyC．LogicallyD．Unfortunately8.A．reuseB．rereadC．rewriteD．recite9.A．scalesB．cutsC．slowsD．measures10.A．a(chǎn)cceleratorB．a(chǎn)ctorC．a(chǎn)mplifierD．observer11.A．thenB．a(chǎn)sC．beyondD．than12.A．enablingB．leadingC．makingD．indicating13.A．butB．norC．orD．for14.A．TreatB．TakeC．MakeD．Consider15.A．refertoB．gooverC．setaboutD．getthroughC【要點(diǎn)綜述】閱讀原來(lái)是一個(gè)愉悅身心的活動(dòng)，但是勞碌的工作使人們遠(yuǎn)離了閱讀所帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣。本文就如何開(kāi)展有效的快速閱讀進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)潔的說(shuō)明。1．D本句意思是“假如想謀得一份差事”。apply需加for，意思是“申請(qǐng)”；do做；offer供應(yīng)。此三項(xiàng)均不符合題意，只有g(shù)et(獲得)適合。2．A本句意為“快速閱讀與理解的力氣，是關(guān)系到成敗的關(guān)鍵所在”。只有quickly與原意吻合。easily簡(jiǎn)潔地；roughly粗略地；decidedly堅(jiān)決地。3．C由下文“Mostofusdeveloppoorreading…”可知此處選poor。其他選項(xiàng)不妥。4．B此處的意思是“大多數(shù)人早期養(yǎng)成不良的讀書習(xí)慣”。因此選habit“習(xí)慣”。training訓(xùn)練，培訓(xùn)；situation形勢(shì)；custom風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。5．A此處說(shuō)的是“主要的困難在于語(yǔ)言的自身要素，即單詞”。combine聯(lián)合；touch接觸；involve包括。這三項(xiàng)的詞義與原文不符。而lie與in構(gòu)成搭配，意為“在于”。6．C這里的意思是“假如單個(gè)地看這些詞，它們并沒(méi)有什么意義”。some一些，少量的；alotof很多；dull單調(diào)的。此三項(xiàng)不合題意。只有l(wèi)ittle(很少)是否定詞，合乎規(guī)律。7．D此句指“作者對(duì)未受過(guò)閱讀訓(xùn)練的人的不良習(xí)慣感到圓滿”。fortunately幸運(yùn)地；actually事實(shí)上；logically合乎規(guī)律地。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。8．B此處意思為“在閱讀時(shí)經(jīng)常重讀(反復(fù)讀)”。因此，選reread“重讀”。reuse再使用；rewrite改寫；recite背誦。9．Cscaledown按比例削減；cutdown削減。此兩項(xiàng)不合題意。measures不能與down搭配。只有slowdown“放慢”能否與后面的speed搭配。10．A依據(jù)上文可知，訓(xùn)練快速閱讀所使用的工具必定與提高閱讀速度有關(guān)，因此選accelerator(快讀器)。actor演員；amplifier放大器；observer觀看者。11．D前面的faster打算了此處應(yīng)當(dāng)選than，構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。12．C此句意為“快速閱讀器迫使你加快閱讀速度，使你再也不能逐字閱讀，回顧前文內(nèi)容或者默讀。”enable相當(dāng)于makepossible；lead引導(dǎo)；indicate指出，表明。都不合題意。只有make(使得)最合適。13．A與前半句中的notonly相呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成句式notonly…but…“不僅……而且……”，只能選but，而nor、or或for均不能與前面的notonly搭配。14．Btake與后面的forinstance構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，意為“以……為例”，其他三項(xiàng)不能與forinstance構(gòu)成搭配。15．D此處意為“在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)，讀完眾多的材料”。referto參考；goover復(fù)習(xí)；setabout著手做。此三項(xiàng)均不合題意；只有g(shù)etthrough“完成”最恰當(dāng)。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2021·陜西，C)Accordingtosociologists(社會(huì)學(xué)家),everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification(階層).Class,powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople'srankinsociety.Classmeansaperson'seconomicpositioninsociety.Acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass,middleclassandupperclass.Whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined,theydodescribesocietiesliketheUnitedStatesquitewell.Onestudyshowsthat53%ofAmericansbelongtothelowerclass,46%themiddleclass,and1%theupperclass.Interestingly,asurgeonearning$500,000ayearandabusdriverearning$50,000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass!Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.Obviously,peopleinpositionsofgreatpower(suchasgovernors)exercise(行使)bigpower,butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower.Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand,however.Forexample,thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower,butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding(相應(yīng)的)economicclass.Generally,however,thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass.Toourknowledge,therearen'ttoomanypeoplewhoaren'tmillionairesintheU．S.Senate!Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson'spositioninsociety.Itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass,butnotnecessarilyso.Forexample,auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers.文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，闡明白階級(jí)、權(quán)力、地位的定義以及三者之間的關(guān)系。13．Whatcanwelearnabout“themiddleclass”fromParagraph2?A．Peopleearning$50,000ayearbelongtothemiddleclass.B．NearlyhalfAmericansbelongtothemiddleclass.C．Peoplegenerallyconsiderbusdriversasthemiddleclass.D．Sociologistshaveacleardefinitionofthemiddleclass.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由其次段第四句話可知美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)占46%，差不多一半，故B項(xiàng)正確。由第五句話“好玩的是年收入五十萬(wàn)美元的外科醫(yī)生和五萬(wàn)美元的公交車司機(jī)都自認(rèn)為是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)”，是“自認(rèn)為”，所以AC項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。由第三句話可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。14．Accordingtothetext,weknowthat________.A．powerandclassdonotalwayscorrespondwitheachotherB．statusreferstoaperson'seconomicpositioninsocietyC．peoplewithhighstatushavealotofcontroloverothersD．classislessimportantindecidingaperson'ssocialrank答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句話Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand，可知A項(xiàng)正確。由第四段第一句話可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第四段最終一句話可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第一段其次句話可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?答案：A語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段總體介紹階級(jí)、權(quán)力、地位在確定一個(gè)人的社會(huì)等級(jí)方面都很重要，其次三四段分別說(shuō)明白階級(jí)、權(quán)力、和地位，接受了總分結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A項(xiàng)。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2021·湖南，C)It'ssuchahappylookinglibrary,paintedyellow,decoratedwithpalmtreestickersandshelteredfromtheFloridasunbyitsownroof.Aboutthesizeofamicrowaveoven,it'spedestrianfriendly,too,waitingforbookloversnexttoasidewalkinPalmBeachCountryEstates,alongthenorthernboundaryofPalmBeachIt'salibrarybuiltwithlove.Ayearago,shortlyafterJaneyHenriksensawaBrianWilliamsreportabouttheLittleFreeLibraryorganization,aWisconsinbasednonprofitthataimstopromoteliteracyandbuildasenseofcommunityinaneighborhoodbymakingbooksfreelyavailable,sheannouncedtoherfamilyoffour,“That'swhatwe'regoingtodoforourspringbreak！”SonAustin,nowa10thgrader,didn'tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresemblesamailbox.ButJaneyinsisted,andhusbandPeterunwillinglygottowork.The51yearoldownerofashipsupplycompanymodifiedasmallwoodenhousethathe'dbuiltyearsearlierfordaughterAbbie'stoyhorses,andmadeadoorofglass.Afteraddingthelibrary'sfinaltouches(裝飾),thefamilyhungasignboardonthefront,instructingusersto“takeabook,returnabook，”andmakingtheHenriksenlibrary,nowoneofseveralhundredlikeitnationwideandamongmorethan2,500intheworld,theonlyLittleFreeLibraryinPalmBeachCounty.Theystockeditwith20orsobooksthey'dalreadyread,amixofsciencefiction,referencetitles,novelsandkids'favorites.“Itoldthem,keepinmindthatyoumightnotseeitagain，”saidJaney,astayathomemom.Sincethen,thecollectionkeepsreplenishing(補(bǔ)充)itself,thankstoongoingdonationsfromborrowers.Thelibrarynowgetsanaverageoffivevisitsaday.Theproject'sbestpayoff,saysPeter,arethethankyounotesleftbehind.“Wehadnoideainthebeginningthatitwouldbesopopular.”文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了LittleFreeLibrary這家圖書館的由來(lái)及其進(jìn)展。16．Inwhatwayisthelibrary“pedestrianfriendly”？A．Itownsayellowroof. B．Itstandsnearasidewalk.C．Itprotectsbookloversfromthesun.D．Itusespalmtreestickersasdecorations.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段信息it'spedestrianfriendly,too,waitingforbookloversnexttoasidewalkinPalmBeachco