廣東省深圳市龍崗區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題

廣東省深圳市龍崗區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、第一部分閱讀，第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解CallingAllScienceLoversPacSciisalwaysseekingexceptionallytalentedpeoplewhobelievedeeplyinourmissionandreflectourdiversecommunity.PacScioffersavarietyofjobopportunities,fromentry-levelpositionstomanagementroles,allwithopportunitiestolearn,andgrow.Isthisyou?·Intenselycuriousandmotivated·Passionforscienceandscienceeducation·Teamplayer·Service-orientedYoumightfindyourself·Interpretingexhibits·Runningplanetarium(天文館)shows·RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers·TendingtothetropicaltreeleavesinourButterflyHouse·Managingdetailsforprivateeventsales·MakingthingsrunsmoothlybehindthescenesBenefitsandbonus·ExcitinglocationinSeattleCenter·Easyaccesstopublictransportation(taketheMonorailtowork!)·100%employerpaidmedical,dental,andvisionbenefitoptions·Approximately4weeksofpaidvacationplus12paidholidaysannually·Annualmembershipincludingunlimitedadmissionandothergreatbenefits·Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacrossdepartmentsandprojectsEachPacSciteammemberplaysavitalroleinfulfillingourmission:tostimulatecuriosityineverychildandfuelapassionfordiscovery,experimentation,andcriticalthinkinginallofus.Joinourteamtohelpexpandaccesstoscience,inthePacificNorthwestandbeyond!1．WhatisrequiredofaPacScimember?A．Priorexperience. B．Languageskills.C．Cooperativespirit. D．Academicbackground.2．WhichofthefollowingmaybeincludedinthejobresponsibilitiesatPacSci?A．Hostingtalentshows. B．Holdingscienceexhibitions.C．Plantingtropicaltrees. D．Accompanyingsummercampers.3．WhenworkingatPacSci,youcanhave____.A．unlimitedvacationdays B．self-improvementopportunitiesC．freepublictransportation D．discountedannualmembership閱讀理解Afterthedeathofhernature-lovingmother,MargaretRenkltenderlyplacedinanantiquejarthe"softwhitehair"leftbehindinhermother'shairbrush.Yearspassed.Whenitnolongercarriedthescent(氣味)shetreasured,Renkllaidthehairacrossatreebranchinheryard.Thisactwasmeantasadirectinvitationtothebirdsinheryard,anditwasaccepted:Abirdusedthehairforthenestitwasbuilding.Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows.Startinginwinterandcontinuingthroughtheseasonalround,Renklbringsalivein52chaptersherlovefortheanimalsandplantsinherhalf-acre(半英畝)yardinTennesseeandinnearbyparks.Equallymoving,sheadmitsherdesperationatthehuman-causedcrisisthenaturalworldfaces,andherdeterminationnottobackoff.Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies.Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl'schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever.4．WhatisthecentralthemeofRenkl'sTheComfortofCrows?A．Personalpreferencetowardscountrylife.B．Fondmemoriesofclosefamilymembers.C．Profounddisappointmentatclimatecrisis.D．Amazinginteractionsbetweenmanandnature.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Renkl'seffortsinprotectinganimals.B．Renkl'sserviceintheneighborhood.C．Renkl'sattemptstotreataninjuredfox.D．Renkl'sdeterminationtopreservetheyard.6．WhatisRenkl'sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A．Indifferentyetrealistic.B．Concernedyetactive.CPessimisticyettolerant.D.Regretfulyethopeful.7．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroducethebeautyofrurallife.B．TopresentthedailyroutineofRenkl.C．Torecommendaninspirationalbook.D．Toprovideadviceonnatureprotection.閱讀理解Imaginethatyou'vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直覺)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer.Despitethelessonsofexperience,whatdoesevidencesay?Inareviewofthirty-threestudies,threepsychologistsfoundthatthemajorityofanswerchangeswerefromwrongtoright.Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents'finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(謬誤).Wedon'tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking.Takeanexperimentwherehundredsofcollegestudentslearnedaboutthefirstinstinctfallacyforexample.Researcherstaughtthemaboutthevalueofchangingtheirmindsandgavethemadviceonwhenitmakessensetodoso.Intheirnexttwotests,theywerestillunlikelytochangetheiranswers.Partoftheproblemiscognitive(認(rèn)知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong.We'veallheardaboutthepopularstorywhereafrogwouldimmediatelyescapeifdroppedintoboilinghotwater,butitwouldstayifthewaterwasgraduallyheated.However,itisn'ttrue.Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit.So,it'snotsomuchchangingyouranswerthatimprovesyourscoreasconsideringwhetheryoushouldchangeit.8．Whatisacommonbeliefamongstudentswhentheytaketests?A．Changinganswersisarisk.B．Firstinstinctharmstheirscores.C．Reviewinganswersisamust.D．Second-guessingimprovestheirscores.9．Whatmightcollegestudentsbetaughtconcerningthefirstinstinctfallacy?A．Changingone'smindhurts.B．Firstinstinctshouldbeignored.C．Seekingothers'advicehelps.D．Firstanswerscanbechallenged.10．Whydoestheauthormentionthestoryofafrog?A．Toraisequestionsaboutthestory.B．Tostresstheimportanceofescaping.C．Toconveythefrog'slessonofsurvival.D．Toillustrateourresistancetoquestioning.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Rethinking:theArtofDoubtB．FirstInstinctisNottoBeTrustedC．Changing:FromRighttoWrongD．ChangingAnswersImprovesScores閱讀理解Whenyoueagerlydigintoalong-awaiteddinner,it'straditionallybelievedthatsignalsfromyourstomachtoyourbrainstopyoueatingsomuch.However,aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit'soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday.Stimulatedbytheperceptionofflavor,asetofbraincellsbecomeactivetoquicklycurtailfoodintake.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit'sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenresearchersputfooddirectlyintothemouse'sstomach,braincellscalledPRLHwereactivatedbysignalsfromthegut(消化道),inlinewithtraditionalthinking.However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn'tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth."It'sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,"saidresearchers."Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention."ThePRLH-activatedslowdownalsomakessenseintermsoftiming.ThetasteoffoodallowsPRLHtoswitchtheiractivityinseconds.Incontrast,anothergroupofbraincells,calledCGC,takesseveralminutestorespondtosignalsfromthegut.ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime.Thesetwosetsofbraincellsinteracttoworktogether:oneusestastetoslowdowneating,whiletheothersignalsthatyouarefull.Understandinghowbodysignalsregulateappetitecouldimproveweight-lossprogramsfortheoverweightbymakinguseofinteractionsbetweensignalsfromdifferentbraincellsets.12．Whatdoestheunderlineword"curtail"inparagraph1probablymean?A．Activate. B．Limit. C．Expand. D．Assist.13．Whatisthelimitationofpreviousstudiesaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Inadequatetechnologies. B．Inefficientfunds.C．Unqualifiedprofessionals. D．Impropermethods.14．WhatdidthenewstudyfindaboutPRLHbraincellswhenthemicenormallyate?A．Theyhelpedstimulatethemice'sappetite.B．Theyencouragedthemicetospeedupeating.C．Theywereactivatedbysignalsfromthemouth.D．Theywerecontrolledbysignalsfromthestomach.15．WhatisthefunctionofCGCbraincells?A．Toslowdowneatingspeed.B．Toimprovethedigestionsystem.C．Toextendthefeelingoffullness.D．Tointeractwithsignalsfromtaste.二、第一部分閱讀，第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored.16．Beforetakingthatstep,thereareafewthingstoconsider.Firstistheelementofsurprise.Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded.17．Next,you'llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue.18．Theyareacrossthecountryfloodedwithlovableanimals.Theyalsoofferphysicallocationswhereyoucanmeetalotofanimalsatonce.Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals.19．Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou'reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring.Ifyou'reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牽引繩)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter.20．Thisstepwillbemoremeaningfulandmemorablethanjusthavingananimalshowupatyourdoor.A.Now,youcanwelcomethelovelyonewithopenarms.B.Nothingismorebeautifulthanseeingyourchildsmile.C.Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications.D.Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst.E.Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn'talightdecision.F.Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience.G.Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives.三、第三部分語言運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。CitywalkgainspopularityamongyoungChinese.Differentfromthefast-paced"specialforcesstyle"(特種部隊(duì)式)tourism,citywalkis21．a(chǎn)ndnotverypurposeful.Toacertainextent,"specialforcesstyle"tourismisjusta(n)22．ofregulartravel,whereyoungpeoplespend24hoursinacitywiththesametravelguidesandcheck-inlist.Bycomparison,citywalkallowspeopletoexploreacity23．withoutdeliberatelyjoiningthe24．a(chǎn)tpopulartouristspotsorwaitingin25．linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.People26．thepastandpresentofacityasalocalresident.Afterall,timeisnot27．a(chǎn)ndtheneedfortravelisnotsopressinganymore.While"specialforcesstyle"tourists28．fastpaceandpurposefulness,citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.Whatreallymattersis29．wandering.Peopleexpectthatatripfreesthemselvesfromhigh30．a(chǎn)ndrepetitivedailylife.Sincesuchwordsasleisure,31．a(chǎn)ndpurposelessnessareassociatedwithcitywalk,itseemsnotdifficulttounderstandwhyyoungpeopleare32．a(chǎn)boutit.Whenwewerechildreninschool,45minutesofclasswaswortha10minute33．.Aswehave34．a(chǎn)ndstartedworkinghard,wealwayswantto35．freedominlifeduringfreetime.Citywalkisapathwherewecanfreelychoose,plan,andexplore.21．A．costly B．leisurely C．brief D．normal22．A．innovation B．lesson C．repetition D．secret23．A．eagerly B．rapidly C．freely D．precisely24．A．sellers B．crowds C．a(chǎn)udiences D．hosts25．A．quiet B．straight C．formal D．long26．A．discover B．develop C．remember D．determine27．A．a(chǎn)bundant B．unique C．precious D．urgent28．A．ignore B．understand C．emphasize D．explain29．A．a(chǎn)imless B．occasional C．individual D．meaningless30．A．reputation B．tension C．expectation D．recognition31．A．creativity B．efficiency C．speed D．relaxation32．A．a(chǎn)nxious B．particular C．enthusiastic D．cautious33．A．break B．leave C．discussion D．exercise34．A．stoodup B．grownup C．teamedup D．shownup35．A．escape B．spread C．restrict D．pursue四、第三部分語言運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。It'saraceagainsttime.GenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademyworkedhard36．(preserve)theartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蝕)bysandandwind.Overthepastthreedecades,theteammembers37．(restore)the45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁畫)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof38．lastsforaboutathousandyears"Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,39．(be)topromotethegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,"saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.Therestorersshouldrespecttheoriginalworkwhile40．(repair)it.Whentheyfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreate41．"perfect"appearanceinrestoration"Culturalrelicsare42．(witness)ofhistory,"explainsSu"Whenyouseekthesocalledperfectlook43．a(chǎn)rtisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning."Caveconservationisaboutsolvingproblems44．(continuous)Itisalongtermprocess,overamuch45．(wide)timespanthatgoesbeyondourlifetimes.Butatleast,theycankeepthecurrentlookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.五、第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)46．第一節(jié)假如你是李華，學(xué)校計(jì)劃每周利用一節(jié)體育課為學(xué)生開設(shè)烹飪等與生活技能相關(guān)的課程，校英文報(bào)正在征求學(xué)生意見。請給該報(bào)投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)；2.陳述理由；3.提出建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.請?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearEditor,I'mLiHua,astudentfromClass9.YoursLiHua六、第四部分寫作第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ItwasaSaturday.Whetheritwassunnyorcloudy,hotorcold,Icannotremember,butIdorememberitwasaSaturdaybecausethemallwasfullofpeople.Iwaswithmymom.Itiseasytomissherinacrowdsimplybecausesheissoordinary.Onthatdaywewalkedcasually,takingquicklooksatthestorewindowsbecausewebothknewwewouldn'tbebuyingmuch,likealways.IrememberIwaslookingupatthepeoplepassingby—atfirstuninterestedly,butthenmorecarefully.Ladiesworebrightandelegantclothing.Theyhadnowrinkles(皺紋)ontheirfaces——wipedawaywithexpensivecreams.Anuneasyfeelingstartedtosettleinmychest.Itriedtopushitout,butfailed.ItgotmoreunbearablewitheveryseconduntilIcoulddenyitnolonger:Iwasashamedofmymother.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood,livinginasmall,expensiveapartmentbuildingthatMomchosetomovetobecausesheknewtheschoolsweregood.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood,butasIobservedthepassers-byandthenturnedmyeyesonMom,Irealizedforthefirsttimethatwedidn'tbelongthere.IcouldseethewrinklesaroundMom'seyesandmouth,becauseshedidn'tuseanycreams.Shedressedincheap,worn-outclothes.Hereyesweretiredfromworkinglonghourstomakealivingandherhairtoogreyforherage.Ilookedather,feelingashamed.Mymomisnothingextraordinary,yetatthatmomentshestoodoutbecauseshewasjustsoplain.Tellinghertowaitformearoundthecorner,Ihurriedawaytothebathroomanddidn'twanttobeseenwithher.Onthewaytothebathroom,myeyescouldn'thelpfallingonbeautifuldresses.Eachdressseemedlikeaworkofartwithdelicatepatterns.However,myheartsankasIknewtheywerefarbeyondmyreach,furtherreducingmydesiretoreturn.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。WhenIfinallywentbackunwillingly,IfoundthatMomwasn'tthere.Momstoodinafancystore,holdingagirl'sdressthatlookedmuchtooexpensive.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是一則關(guān)于PacSci公司的招聘廣告，主要介紹了公司提供的各種工作機(jī)會和福利，以及公司對員工的期望和要求。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一則招聘廣告，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Isthisyou?部分中的"Teamplayer"團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，可知，擁有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神是成為PacSci會員需要具備的條件。故選C。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Youmightfindyourself部分中的"RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers"與夏令營者一起劃船沿著默瑟斯勞河而下?？芍?，陪同夏令營者是在PacSci的工作中可能需要承擔(dān)的職責(zé)。故選D。3．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Benefitsandbonus部分中的"Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacross"定期有機(jī)會跨部門和跨項(xiàng)目學(xué)習(xí)、成長和發(fā)展新技能。可知，在PacSci工作時(shí)可以有自我提升的機(jī)會。故選B。【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了MargaretRenkl寫的《烏鴉的安慰》一書，傳達(dá)了人類和其他動物生活的美好互動。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文學(xué)類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段"Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows."Renkl只用了半頁紙來講述這個(gè)故事，但它傳達(dá)了人類和其他動物生活的美好互動，這是《烏鴉的安慰》的核心。可知，Renkl的theComfortofCrows的中心主題是人與自然的驚人互動。故選D。5．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段"Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies."她的決心不只是說說而已。她用一個(gè)陷阱、一點(diǎn)熏肉和一位動物醫(yī)生的建議，治好了鄰居家一只狐貍的皮膚??；確保她院子里的樹葉不會被收集起來，這樣越冬的昆蟲和饑餓的鳥兒就可以在那里吃飯了;在花園里種滿馬利筋，以支持帝王蝶?？芍?，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是Renkl在保護(hù)動物方面的努力。故選A。6．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段"Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl'schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever."面對人類造成的全球變暖正在改變我們的環(huán)境并傷害其他物種，Renkl拒絕放棄這些步驟。在氣候危機(jī)的今天，生態(tài)焦慮的現(xiàn)象是真實(shí)的。為了抓住機(jī)會提供幫助，我們中的許多人確實(shí)需要動力來恢復(fù)我們的精神。在Renkl的《烏鴉的安慰》章節(jié)中找到動力。Renkl珍惜的動物和植物現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要我們?？赏浦?，Renkl對全球變暖的態(tài)度是擔(dān)憂的，但是Renkl也指出應(yīng)該找到動力來保護(hù)動植物，體現(xiàn)了積極的一面。故選B。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows."Renkl只用了半頁紙來講述這個(gè)故事，但它傳達(dá)了人類和其他動物生活的美好互動，這是《烏鴉的安慰》的核心；結(jié)合文章主要介紹了MargaretRenkl寫的《烏鴉的安慰》一書，傳達(dá)了人類和其他動物生活的美好互動。可推知，這篇文章的目的是推薦一本勵志書。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A9．D10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管許多人認(rèn)為改變答案會降低分?jǐn)?shù)，但研究表明，重新思考答案往往能提高成績。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和標(biāo)題歸納三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Imaginethatyou'vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直覺)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer."想象一下，你剛剛完成了一次多項(xiàng)選擇題測試，你開始猜測其中一個(gè)答案。你有一些額外的時(shí)間——你應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持你的第一直覺還是改變它？大約四分之三的學(xué)生相信改變答案會影響他們的分?jǐn)?shù)。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，許多改變答案的人得到的是錯誤的答案?？芍?dāng)學(xué)生參加考試時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生都認(rèn)為改變答案會影響他們的分?jǐn)?shù)，而且許多改變答案的人得到的是錯誤的答案。可推測，學(xué)生認(rèn)為改變答案是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。故選A。9．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents'finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(謬誤)."老師們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生的期末考試很少有橡皮擦標(biāo)記，但那些重新思考自己的第一個(gè)答案而不是堅(jiān)持的學(xué)生最終會提高他們的分?jǐn)?shù)。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為第一本能謬論?？芍匦滤伎甲约旱牡谝粋€(gè)答案而不是堅(jiān)持的學(xué)生最終會提高他們的分?jǐn)?shù)，也就是說第一個(gè)答案未必就是正確的，是可以質(zhì)疑的。故選D。10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit."一旦水變暖，青蛙就會逃跑。只是一旦我們聽到這個(gè)故事并接受它是真的，我們就很少費(fèi)心去質(zhì)疑它。可知，作者提到青蛙的故事是為了說明我們從心理上就抵抗質(zhì)疑。故選D。11．考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第三段中的"Wedon'tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking."我們在重新思考答案時(shí)不會猶豫。我們對重新思考的想法猶豫不決；以及第四段"Partoftheproblemiscognitive(認(rèn)知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong."部分問題在于認(rèn)知上的懶惰。心理學(xué)家指出，我們更喜歡堅(jiān)定信念帶來的舒適感，而不是懷疑帶來的不適。質(zhì)疑自己會讓世界變得更加不可預(yù)測。它要求我們承認(rèn)事實(shí)可能已經(jīng)改變，曾經(jīng)正確的東西現(xiàn)在可能是錯誤的?？芍?，文章主要講述的是重新思考是有意義的，"反思:懷疑的藝術(shù)"適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A?！敬鸢浮?2．B13．A14．C15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究表明，腦細(xì)胞PRLH在接收到來自口腔的信號時(shí)會迅速改變其活動模式，而另一組腦細(xì)胞CGC則需要幾分鐘才能對來自腸道的信號作出反應(yīng)。這兩種腦細(xì)胞相互作用，共同調(diào)節(jié)食欲。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit'soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday."一個(gè)研究小組最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，在饑餓的日子里，我們的味覺會立即把我們從過度進(jìn)食中拉回來。可知，味覺可以阻止我們過度進(jìn)食?？赏茰y，劃線詞curtail的意思是"限制"。故選B。13．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段"Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit'sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse."之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能會控制我們吃東西的速度，但研究進(jìn)食過程中相關(guān)的大腦活動是不可能的，因?yàn)榭刂七@一過程的腦細(xì)胞位于我們大腦的深處，很難在清醒的動物身上獲得或記錄它們。研究小組開發(fā)的新技術(shù)首次對活動小鼠的腦干結(jié)構(gòu)NTS進(jìn)行了成像和記錄，該結(jié)構(gòu)對飽腹感至關(guān)重要?？赏茰y，以前的研究的局限性是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)不足。故選A。14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn'tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth.‘It'sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,'saidresearchers.‘Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention.'"然而，當(dāng)他們讓老鼠像往常一樣吃這些食物時(shí)，這些來自腸道的信號就沒有出現(xiàn)。相反，PRLH腦細(xì)胞切換到一種完全由口腔信號控制的新活動模式。研究人員說："令人驚訝的是，這些細(xì)胞被味覺激活了。""這表明食欲控制系統(tǒng)中還有其他組成部分值得我們關(guān)注。"可知，當(dāng)老鼠正常進(jìn)食時(shí)，PRLH腦細(xì)胞切換到一種完全由口腔信號控制的新活動模式，也就是說這些細(xì)胞被味覺激活了。故選C。15．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime."好消息是，CGC可以在更長的時(shí)間內(nèi)抑制饑餓?？芍?，CGC腦細(xì)胞可以長時(shí)間抑制饑餓，也就是可以延長飽腹感。故選C?！敬鸢浮?6．E；17．G；18．C；19．D；20．F【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了在收養(yǎng)寵物的時(shí)候我們需要考慮的幾件事。

【點(diǎn)評】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored."你一定見過這樣的場景：一個(gè)孩子穿著睡衣跑下樓打開節(jié)日禮物的包裝，抱著一只從收容所救出來的小狗，流下了快樂的眼淚。音樂響起，人心倍增，對人性的信心得以恢復(fù)。可知，上文描述了收養(yǎng)一只小狗的美好場景。E.Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn'talightdecision."雖然這很甜蜜，但送一個(gè)生物作為禮物并不是一個(gè)輕松的決定。"承接上文，指出這一場景非常的甜蜜，同時(shí)引出下文指出收養(yǎng)小狗并不輕松。故選E。17．根據(jù)空前"Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded."時(shí)機(jī)可能會讓人感到意外，但動物絕對不應(yīng)該讓人感到意外。這個(gè)決定應(yīng)該建立在多次談話的基礎(chǔ)上。包括兒童在內(nèi)的所有相關(guān)人員都應(yīng)該了解長期后果。可知，在領(lǐng)養(yǎng)動物前，家庭成員都應(yīng)該了解領(lǐng)養(yǎng)動物的責(zé)任所在。G.Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives."甚至在他們的新寵物到來之前，責(zé)任就已經(jīng)分配給他們了。"承接上文，指的是在動物到家之前，每個(gè)人都已經(jīng)了解了自己的責(zé)任。故選G。18．根據(jù)空前"Next,you'llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue."接下來，你要選擇從收容所收養(yǎng)還是從救援機(jī)構(gòu)收養(yǎng)?？芍覀冃枰_定收容所收養(yǎng)還是從救援機(jī)構(gòu)收養(yǎng)；以及空后"Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals."另一方面，救援機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)模較小，資金來自捐贈。他們經(jīng)常依靠飼養(yǎng)員來飼養(yǎng)動物。介紹的是救援機(jī)構(gòu)的動物?？芍?，空處指的是收容所的情況。C.Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications."收容所往往更大，處理申請的速度也更快。"與上下文內(nèi)容相符。故選C。19．根據(jù)空后"Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou'reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring."申請及其處理時(shí)間各不相同，可能包括證明房東允許養(yǎng)寵物之類的任務(wù)。檢查一下是否可以在網(wǎng)上申請。如果你是親自申請，確保你知道要帶什么。可知，本段主要講述的是我們要申請成為收養(yǎng)人。D.Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst."無論你選擇哪一種，首先申請并被批準(zhǔn)為收養(yǎng)人。"與下文內(nèi)容相一致，指的是我們應(yīng)該申請成為收養(yǎng)人。故選D。20．根據(jù)空前"Ifyou'reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牽引繩)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter."如果你擔(dān)心為孩子選擇寵物的責(zé)任巨大，你可以用牽引繩或?qū)櫸锎鳛槎Y物，然后帶未來的寵物主人去收容所?？芍髡呓ㄗh可以讓孩子參與收養(yǎng)動物的過程。F.Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience."讓你的孩子參與到選擇過程中會增加整個(gè)體驗(yàn)。"與上文內(nèi)容相符，指的是讓孩子參與收養(yǎng)動物的過程。故選F?！敬鸢浮?1．B；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．D；26．A；27．D；28．C；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，討論了城市漫步在年輕中國人中越來越流行的現(xiàn)象，并將其與"特種兵式"旅游進(jìn)行了對比。

【點(diǎn)評】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個(gè)知識點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：與快節(jié)奏的"特種兵式"旅游不同，城市漫步是悠閑的，不太有目的性。A.costly"昂貴的"；B.leisurely"悠閑的"