上海名校一模全真模擬卷02-新高考英語一輪總復(fù)習（上海專用）（解析版）

PAGE1PAGE2上海名校一模全真模擬卷02（解析版）學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.（2023·上海·七寶中學?？计谥校〥irections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DearEasy,Iwouldn’tputtoomuchstockinwhatyour“l(fā)iterary”friendssay;theysoundlikebores.Whenitcomesdowntoit,peoplewhothinkaboutreadingintermsofwhat“counts”don’tseemtoactuallyenjoybooksallthatmuch.Theirmoralistic(說教的)gloomisevidentintheextent1readinghascometoresembleexercise,withreaderstrackingtheirword-countmetrics,tryingtoimprovetheirspeed.2somedisciplesofthisculturearequicktodismissaudiobooksasashortcut,theycannotseemtoagreeonwhy,exactly,listeningisaninferiorformofengagement.Somecitestudiesthathaveshownpeoplewholistentobooksretainlessthanthosewhoreadthem,which3(bind)upwithhowtemptingitistodootherthingswhilelistening.4insistthataudiobookseliminatethereader’sresponsibilitytointerpretthingslikeirony,tone,andinflection,giventhatthepersonontherecordingisdoingtheworkofconveyingtheemotionsinthebookforthem.Thelargerproblem,however,isinviewingbooksas5meanstosomeotherend.Manypeoplewhoaspiretoreadmorearemotivatedbythepromisethatdoingsowillpreventcognitivedecline,improvebrainconnectivity.Someassumethatthepurposeofreadingis6(absorb)knowledgeornuggetsoftriviathatonecanuseinordertodemonstratebeing“wellread”.I’dbewillingtobet,EasyListening,thatyourearliestexperienceswiththejoyofliteraturewereaural.Mostofuswerereadtobyadultsbeforewelearnedtoreadourselves,andlisteningtoaudiobooksrecallsthedistinctivedelightof7(tell)astory.Ifyou’relikemostpeopleIknow,youprobablyfinditdifficulttorecallthelasttimeabookregardlessof8youconsumedit—succeededinalteringyourconsciousness,suggestingthatmanybooksyou’veencounteredhavefailedtoliveuptotheirpotential.Myadvice,Easy,istobe9(discriminating)aboutthemediumandmorechoosyaboutthebooksyoupickup.Ifyoufindthatyourmindiswanderingorthatyou’renotabletofullyenterintotherealityofthenarrative,10(consider)thatthismightbeaproblemwiththecontent,notthemechanismthroughwhichyouareexperiencingit.Faithfully,Cloud【答案】1．towhich2．Although/Though/While3．isbound4．Others5．a(chǎn)6．toabsorb7．beingtold8．how9．lessdiscriminating10．consider【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。Cloud寫信給Easy論述對于閱讀的看法，Cloud認為那些認為閱讀“有價值”的人似乎并不那么喜歡讀書，并且更大的問題在于，人們將書籍視為達到其他目的的手段。對此Cloud的建議是對媒介不要那么挑剔，對你挑選的書要更有選擇性。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走神了，或者無法完全進入故事的現(xiàn)實，那就考慮這可能是內(nèi)容的問題，而不是你體驗故事的機制。1．考查定語從句。句意：他們道德上的悲觀情緒在某種程度上體現(xiàn)得很明顯，閱讀已經(jīng)變得像鍛煉一樣，讀者們跟蹤自己的字數(shù)統(tǒng)計指標，試圖提高閱讀速度。此處為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句修飾先行詞extent，根據(jù)短語tosomeextent可知應(yīng)用介詞to，作介詞的賓語，指物，故用which。故填towhich。2．考查狀語從句。句意：盡管這種文化的一些信徒很快就將有聲讀物視為一種捷徑，但他們似乎無法就為什么聽是一種次等的參與形式達成一致。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)“讓步狀語從句”表示“盡管”應(yīng)用although、though或while，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。3．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：一些人引用的研究表明，聽書的人記憶力比讀書的人差，這與人們在聽書的同時做其他事情的誘惑力有關(guān)。短語beboundupwith表示“與……有密切關(guān)系”，此處為非限制性定語從句修飾上文句子，從句陳述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語用單數(shù)。故填isbound。4．考查代詞。句意：另一些人堅持認為，有聲讀物消除了讀者解讀反諷、語氣和語調(diào)變化等內(nèi)容的責任，因為錄音的人正在為他們傳達書中的情感。作主語，表示“其他人”應(yīng)用others，與上文Somecitestudies構(gòu)成some…others…，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Others。5．考查冠詞。句意：然而，更大的問題在于，人們將書籍視為達到其他目的的一個手段。means此處為泛指，且是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：一些人認為閱讀的目的是吸收知識或雞毛蒜皮的趣事，人們可以用這些來證明自己“讀得不錯”。說明purpose的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用不定式作表語。故填toabsorb。7．考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們大多數(shù)人在學會自己閱讀之前，都是大人給我們朗讀的，聽有聲讀物會讓我們想起聽人講故事的獨特樂趣。作介詞的賓語，且tell與we構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用beingdone形式。故填beingtold。8．考查賓語從句。句意：如果你和我認識的大多數(shù)人一樣，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管你是怎么讀的，你都很難回憶起上一次一本書成功地改變了你的意識，這表明你遇到的許多書都沒有發(fā)揮出它們的潛力。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少方式狀語，故用how引導(dǎo)。故填how。9．考查比較級。句意：我的建議是，對媒介不要那么挑剔，對你挑選的書要更有選擇性。根據(jù)后文“morechoosy”以及句意“不要那么挑剔”可知應(yīng)用比較級，在discriminating前面加less。故填lessdiscriminating。10．考查祈使句。句意：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走神了，或者無法完全進入故事的現(xiàn)實，那就考慮這可能是內(nèi)容的問題，而不是你體驗故事的機制。此處為肯定祈使句，句首動詞用原形。故填consider。SectionBDirections:（2022秋·上海嘉定·高三?？计谥校〥irections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．a(chǎn)dventure

B．carelessly

C．existence

D．exploit

E.inaccessibleF.minimized

G.reflects

H.responsible

I.accounts

J.visible

K.wildernessAntarcticaisthehighest,driestandcoldestplaceonEarth.Itisalsotheremotest,afactwhich11foritsunspoiledenvironment.Itiswidelydescribedasthelast12onourplanet.Thecoldclimateis13formaintainingthecontinent’syear-roundicefields.EventhoughAntarcticareceivesmoresunlightthantheequator(赤道),thetemperaturesarelowerbecausetheicesheet14theheatbackintospace.Forcenturies,Europeanswonderedaboutthe15ofaSouth-Polarcontinent,butnooneactuallyknewforcertainAntarcticawasthereuntil1820whenEuropeanexplorers“discovered”it.Sincethen,menhavegonetoAntarcticainsearchof16.Testingtheirabilities,severalteamsofexplorerssetoutin1911tobethefirstmentostandattheSouthPole.Oncecompletely17,Antarcticahasmorerecentlybeenplayinghosttoadventurersseekingforexcitement,scientistsinterestedinexperimenting,andcompanieslookingto18thiswildareaforprofit.Yet,Antarctica’sfragileandcomplicatedeco-systemisthreatenedbyitshumanvisitors.Damagetotheenvironmentoccursaspeoplecomelookingforresourcesbeneaththeice,or19leavetheirgarbagebehind.Currently,countriesareworkingtoensurethatthedamagetoAntarctica’senvironmentis20,andthatAntarcticawillremainanunspoiledplace.【答案】11．I12．K13．H14．G15．C16．A17．E18．D19．B20．F【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了南極洲是地球上最高、最干燥、最寒冷的地方。它也是最偏遠的，這就解釋了它未受污染的環(huán)境。它被廣泛地描述為地球上最后的荒野。寒冷的氣候維持了南極大陸全年的冰原。盡管南極洲比赤道接收到更多的陽光，但由于冰蓋將熱量反射回太空，那里的溫度較低。11．考查動詞短語。句意：它也是最偏遠的，這就解釋了它未受污染的環(huán)境。分析句子可知，此處為定語從句中謂語動詞的填入，結(jié)合空后介詞for可知，該空應(yīng)為動詞短語accountsfor“解釋”，滿足句意要求。故選I項。12．考查名詞。句意：它被廣泛地描述為地球上最后的荒野。分析句子可知，空前為thelast形容詞，此處應(yīng)為名詞形式，wilderness“荒野”為名詞，符合句意。故選K項。13．考查固定短語。句意：寒冷的氣候維持了南極大陸全年的冰原。分析句子可知，由空前is和空后for可知，此處為動詞短語isresponsiblefor“對……負責”，滿足句意要求。故選H項。14．考查動詞。句意：盡管南極洲比赤道接收到更多的陽光，但由于冰蓋將熱量反射回太空，那里的溫度較低。分析句子成分可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，reflects“反射”為動詞，符合句意。故選G項。15．考查名詞。句意：幾個世紀以來，歐洲人一直懷疑南極大陸的存在，但直到1820年歐洲探險家“發(fā)現(xiàn)”南極洲之前，沒有人確切地知道南極洲的存在。分析句子可知，空前為定冠詞the，所以該空格處應(yīng)為名詞形式，existence“存在”為名詞，符合句意。故選C項。16．考查名詞。句意：從那時起，人們就去南極洲探險。分析句子可知，空前為短語insearchof“為了尋找”，所以此處應(yīng)為名詞形式，adventure“冒險”為名詞，符合句意。故選A項。17．考查形容詞。句意：曾經(jīng)完全無法進入的南極洲，最近成為尋求刺激的冒險家、對實驗感興趣的科學家和希望利用這片荒野獲利的公司的家園。分析句子可知，空前completely為副詞，此處應(yīng)為形容詞形式被該副詞所修飾，inaccessible“無法進入的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選E項。18．考查動詞。句意：曾經(jīng)完全無法進入的南極洲，最近成為尋求刺激的冒險家、對實驗感興趣的科學家和希望利用這片荒野獲利的公司的家園。分析句子可知，空前為不定式to，所以此處應(yīng)為動詞原形，exploit“利用”為動詞原形，符合句意。故選D項。19．考查副詞。句意：當人們來到冰下尋找資源或不小心留下垃圾時，就會對環(huán)境造成破壞。分析句子可知，空后leave…behind為動詞短語，所以此處應(yīng)為副詞修飾該動詞短語，carelessly“粗心地；不注意地”為副詞，符合句意。故選B項。20．考查形容詞。句意：目前，各國正在努力確保對南極洲環(huán)境的破壞降到最低，并確保南極洲保持一個未受破壞的地方。分析句子可知，空前為is系動詞，該空格處應(yīng)為形容詞形式作句子的表語成分，minimized“最小化的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選F項。ReadingComprehension(21–35題，每題1分；36–50題，每題2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.（2023秋·上?！じ呷虾＝淮蟾街行？奸_學考試）Climateexpertshavewarnedaboutthemanywaysawarmingplanetcannegativelyaffecthumanhealth.21globaltemperaturesarepredictedtoincreaseby1.5℃bythe2030s,thatriskisbecomingincreasinglyreal.Onelong-heldpredictionthatappearstobecomingtrue—accordingtotheresultsofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureScientificReports—ishowclimatechangemightenhance22ofbacteriathatthriveandspreadthroughwarmseawatersandcauseaninfectionwithaparticularlyhigh23rate.Vibriovulnificus(創(chuàng)傷弧菌)flourishesinsaltyorbrackishwatersabove68℉.InfectionsarecurrentlyrareintheU.S.,butthat’slikelytochange.Using30yearsofdataoninfections,scientistsattheUniversityofEastAngliaintheU.K.foundthatVibriovulnificusis24fromitshistoricGulfCoastrange,withmoreNorthernstatesreportinginfectionsaswatersbecomewarmer.“We’reseeingthecore25ofinfectionsextendingtoareasthattraditionallyhaveveryfewandveryrarecases,”saysElizabethArcher,aPh.D．researcherand26authorofthestudy.“Buttheseareasarenowcomingintothemainareaofinfections.”Basedonthelatestdataonhowmuchtheworld’swaterandairtemperatureswillrise,thescientistspredictthatby2081,VibriovulnificusinfectionscouldreacheverystatealongtheU.S.EastCoast.Currently,onlyabout80casesarereportedintheU.S.eachyear;by2081,thatcouldgouptooverthree-fold,theauthorssay.Suchaproliferationcouldhaveserioushealthconsequences.Vibriovulnificuskillsapproximately20%ofthehealthypeopleitinfects,and50%ofthosewithweakenedimmunesystems.Thereislittleevidencethatantibioticscan27theinfection,butdoctorsmayprescribetheminsomecases.Peoplecangetinfectedeitherbyeatingrawshellfishlikeoystersorbyexposingsmall28towaterswherethebacterialive,whichcanleadtoseriousskininfections.Warmingseatemperaturesaren’ttheonlyreasonsbehindtheriseofVibriovulnificus.Hotterairalsodrawsmorepeopletothecoastsandbays,bringingthemintoclosercontactwiththebacteria.“Thebacteriaarepartofthenaturalmarineenvironment,soIdon’tthinkwecan29itfromtheenvironment,”saysArcher.“It’smoreaboutmitigatinginfectionsbyincreasing30oftherisk.”Toalertpeopletothegrowingthreat,31systemsareneededtotrackwhenconcentrationsofbacteriastarttorise,similartocurrentlyavailablepollenandpollutionalarm.Vbriovulnificusisso32totemperaturechangesthatconcentrationscouldbloomafterevenadayofwarmerwater,soconsistentmonitoringandalertsarecritical,saysIainLake,professorofenvironmentalepidemiologyatUniversityofEastAngliaandseniorauthorofthepaper.LakesaystheexpansionofVibriovulnificusisconcerningforpublichealthsincethebacteriaarenowinvadingwatersclosertoheavily33areas,suchasNewYorkandPhiladelphia.“EveryonecangetaVibriovulnificusinfection,”hesays.“Butthemore34thereisbetweenwarmerwatersandpeople,themorethebacteriacanmoveintopopulations35theelderlyandthosewithotherhealthconditions,whoaremorevulnerabletoinfections.”21．A．Evenif B．Exceptwhen C．Theinstant D．Incase22．A．numbers B．ranges C．coverages D．concentrations23．A．failure B．fatality C．survival D．a(chǎn)cid24．A．ranging B．varying C．expanding D．shifting25．A．distribution B．launch C．community D．sample26．A．principle B．lead C．principal D．hit27．A．boost B．a(chǎn)ccelerate C．contain D．remove28．A．harms B．damages C．injuries D．wounds29．A．relieve B．dissolve C．resolve D．erase30．A．conscience B．a(chǎn)wareness C．panic D．a(chǎn)lert31．A．monitoring B．processing C．managing D．delivering32．A．sensible B．vital C．vulnerable D．sensitive33．A．populated B．dense C．paralleled D．bordered34．A．reaction B．interaction C．intervention D．relativity35．A．ratherthan B．exceptfor C．suchas D．otherthan【答案】21．C22．B23．B24．C25．A26．C27．D28．D29．D30．B31．A32．D33．B34．B35．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了因為全球變暖，導(dǎo)致細菌的感染范圍擴大，從而導(dǎo)致致死率特別高的感染。21．考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)預(yù)測，到2030年代，全球氣溫將立即上升1.5攝氏度，這種風險正變得越來越現(xiàn)實。A.Evenif即使；B.Exceptwhen除了當……時候；C.Theinstant一……就；D.Incase萬一。根據(jù)后文“globaltemperaturesarepredictedtoincreaseby1.5℃bythe2030s”可知，這是會立即發(fā)生的事，所以應(yīng)該用Theinstant引導(dǎo)。故選C項。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)最近發(fā)表在《自然科學報告》(NatureScientificreports)上的一項研究結(jié)果，一個長期以來的預(yù)測似乎正在成為現(xiàn)實，即氣候變化可能會擴大細菌的范圍，這些細菌會在溫暖的海水中繁殖和傳播，并導(dǎo)致致死率特別高的感染。A.numbers數(shù)量；B.ranges范圍；C.coverages保險范圍；D.concentrations集中。根據(jù)后文“thriveandspreadthroughwarmseawaters”可知，細菌會在溫暖的海水中繁殖和傳播，所以是擴大細菌的范圍。故選B項。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)最近發(fā)表在《自然科學報告》(NatureScientificreports)上的一項研究結(jié)果，一個長期以來的預(yù)測似乎正在成為現(xiàn)實，即氣候變化可能會擴大細菌的范圍，這些細菌會在溫暖的海水中繁殖和傳播，并導(dǎo)致致死率特別高的感染。A.failure失??；B.fatality(疾病的)致命性；C.survival生存；D.acid酸。根據(jù)后文“Vibriovulnificuskillsapproximately20%ofthehealthypeopleitinfects,and50%ofthosewithweakenedimmunesystems.”可知，細菌擴散會導(dǎo)致致死率特別高的感染。故選B項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：英國東安格利亞大學(UniversityofEastAnglia)的科學家利用30年的感染數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)傷弧菌(Vibriovulnificusis)從其歷史上的墨西哥灣沿岸范圍擴張，隨著海水變暖，越來越多的北部州報告感染。A.ranging變化；B.varying(使)多樣化；C.expanding擴大；D.shifting轉(zhuǎn)移。根據(jù)后文“withmoreNorthernstatesreportinginfectionsaswatersbecomewarmer.”可知，此處是指創(chuàng)傷弧從其歷史上的墨西哥灣沿岸范圍擴張。故選C項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們看到感染的核心分布延伸到了傳統(tǒng)上病例很少、非常罕見的地區(qū)。A.distribution分布；B.launch發(fā)射；C.community社區(qū)；D.sample樣品。根據(jù)后文“Buttheseareasarenowcomingintothemainareaofinfections.”可知，這些地區(qū)現(xiàn)在正成為感染的主要地區(qū)，所以是感染的核心分布延伸到了這。故選A項。26．考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：該研究的主要作者、博士伊麗莎白·阿徹(ElizabethArcher)說。A.principle原則；B.lead領(lǐng)先地位；C.principal主要的；D.hit擊中。根據(jù)前文“scientistsattheUniversityofEastAngliaintheU.K”可知，這項研究是英國東安格利亞大學的科學家們一起做的，此處應(yīng)用的應(yīng)該是主要作者的話，符合實際。故選C項。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明抗生素可以消除感染，但醫(yī)生可能會在某些情況下開抗生素。A.boost促進；B.accelerate加快；C.contain包含；D.remove去除。根據(jù)前文“Thereislittleevidence”，以及后文“butdoctorsmayprescribetheminsomecases.”可知，此處應(yīng)是“沒有證據(jù)表明抗生素可以消除感染”之意符合語境。故選D項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們可以通過食用生的貝類(如牡蠣)或?qū)⑿诒┞对诩毦畹乃卸腥?，這可能導(dǎo)致嚴重的皮膚感染。A.harms傷害；B.damages損壞；C.injuries傷害；D.wounds傷口。根據(jù)后文“waterswherethebacterialive,whichcanleadtoseriousskininfections”結(jié)合常識，應(yīng)是傷口暴露在細菌生活的水中而感染符合實際。故選D項。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：細菌是自然海洋環(huán)境的一部分，所以我認為我們不能把它從環(huán)境中抹去。A.relieve解除；B.dissolve使溶解；C.resolve解決；D.erase清除。根據(jù)前文“Thebacteriaarepartofthenaturalmarineenvironment”可知，細菌是自然的一部分，不能把它從環(huán)境中清除。故選D項。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更多的是通過提高對風險的認識來減輕感染。A.conscience良心；B.awareness意識；C.panic恐慌；D.alert警報。根據(jù)前文“It’smoreaboutmitigatinginfections”結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)是提高對風險的認識來減輕感染符合語境。故選B項。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了提醒人們注意日益嚴重的威脅，需要監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)來跟蹤細菌濃度何時開始上升，類似于目前可用的花粉和污染警報。A.monitoring監(jiān)視；B.processing處理；C.managing管理；D.delivering遞送。根據(jù)后文“trackwhenconcentrationsofbacteriastarttorise,similartocurrentlyavailablepollenandpollutionalarm.”可知，是一個來跟蹤細菌濃度何時開始上升的系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)該是監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。故選A項。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：該論文的資深作者、東安格利亞大學(UniversityofEastAnglia)環(huán)境流行病學教授伊恩·萊克(IainLake)說，創(chuàng)傷弧菌對溫度變化非常敏感，甚至在水溫升高一天后，其濃度就會爆發(fā)，因此持續(xù)的監(jiān)測和警報至關(guān)重要。A.sensible明智的；B.vital至關(guān)重要的；C.vulnerable脆弱的；D.sensitive敏感的。根據(jù)后文“concentrationscouldbloomafterevenadayofwarmerwater”可知，在水溫升高一天后，其濃度就會爆發(fā)，所以對溫度變化是敏感的。故選D項。33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：萊克說，創(chuàng)傷弧菌的擴張對公眾健康造成了影響，因為這種細菌現(xiàn)在正在侵入更靠近人口稠密地區(qū)的水域，比如紐約和費城。A.populated有人口居住的；B.dense密集的；C.paralleled平行的；D.bordered有邊的。根據(jù)后文的舉例“suchasNewYorkandPhiladelphia.”可知，這兩個城市都是人口稠密地區(qū)。故選B項。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，溫暖的海水和人之間的互動越多，細菌就越容易進入老年人和其他健康狀況不佳的人群，這些人群更容易受到感染。A.reaction反應(yīng)；B.interaction相互影響；C.intervention干預(yù)；D.relativity相對性。根據(jù)后文“themorethebacteriacanmoveintopopulations”可知，應(yīng)是海水和人之間的互動越多，細菌就越容易進入人群。故選B項。35．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：但是，溫暖的海水和人之間的互動越多，細菌就越容易進入老年人和其他健康狀況不佳的人群，這些人群更容易受到感染。A.ratherthan而不是；B.exceptfor除了；C.

suchas例如；D.otherthan不同于。根據(jù)后文“theelderlyandthosewithotherhealthconditions”可知，這里是舉具體的例子。故選C項。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）（2022秋·上海嘉定·高三?？计谥校賅hatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry’slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastart-upthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?②TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.③Tobesure,BeyondMeat’smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountrybystorm.Althoughthe100percentplant-basedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepresssincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey’reonlyavailableatWholeFoodsstoresinsevenstates.Eventhoughthecompany’s“chicken”strips,“beef”pies,andmeatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.④ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson’sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.Whilethetwocompaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,it’sdoubtfulthatTyson’s5percentstakemademuchofdent(凹陷)inthemeatgiant’scoffers(金庫).Thecompanyposted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear;priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.⑤Tysonisdoingprettygreat.Thecompanyreportedrecordthird-quarterearningspershareinAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percentduringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilcompanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwindpower,Tyson’stoe-in-the-watermovetoteamupwithastart-updevotedtobringingmoreplant-basedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryisstartingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.⑥Salesofplant-basedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,continuetopalecomparedwiththemarketformeatinAmerica—butvegetarianalternativestomeatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforfoodproductsoverall.Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfofAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplantoeatmoreplant-basedfoodsinthecomingyear.36．BeyondMeat’sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause________.A．itmakesperfectuseofanimalproteinB．ituseshightechinthemakingprocessC．ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburgerD．itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia37．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?A．Itisthecreatorofthecountry’sfirst100percentplant-basedburgers.B．Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.C．ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.D．Itprovideshigh-qualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.38．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A．ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingforTyson.B．The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.C．Tyson’sinvestmenthasn’tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected.D．Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.39．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives.B．AmajorAmericanmeatcompanyisbettingonplant-basedprotein.C．TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.D．Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings.【答案】36．C37．C38．A39．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述美國最大的肉類加工商TysonFoods加盟了一家叫做BeyondMeat的初創(chuàng)公司，BeyondMeat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白為大家生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品，以及這家公司產(chǎn)品目前的經(jīng)營情況。36．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.(泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收購了BeyondMeat公司5%的股份。BeyondMeat是一家總部位于南加州的食品科技初創(chuàng)公司，今年早些時候，這家公司因其素食漢堡而登上頭條，據(jù)報道，這款漢堡的烹飪和味道都像真正的牛肉)”可知，BeyondMeat的素食漢堡成為頭條是因為這款漢堡的味道和真正的牛肉漢堡一樣。故選C。37．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知BeyondMeat的規(guī)模遠遠不及TysonFoods，即BeyondMeat不能與BeyondFoods相提并論。故選C。38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“it’sdoubtfulthatTyson’s5percentstakemademuchofdentinthemeatgiant’scoffers(但令人懷疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否為這家肉類巨頭財務(wù)帶來很大的財務(wù)空缺)”和“priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不會造成很大的財務(wù)虧空，即對于泰森食品公司來說，收購BeyondMeat并未花費很多錢。故選A。39．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry’slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastart-upthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?(當中國最大的雞肉、豬肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白”的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)時，這說明了肉類的未來是什么)”可知，最大的肉類加工公司TysonFoods入股生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)BeyondMeat意味著Tyson要重點投資植物蛋白這種無肉產(chǎn)品。故選B。（B）（2023·上海長寧·統(tǒng)考二模）Ifyousearchtheinternetthesedays,you’lllikelyrunacrosssomestrange-looking,yetcheerfulcartooncharacters.Thesecomputer-createdpeoplehavesmallheadsandoverdonebodies.They’recreatedindaringcolorwitharmsandlegsthatlooklikegiantwetnoodles.Thehappyfiguresareoftenmovingordoingsomethingcreative.In2017Facebookpaidadesignteamtodevelopapositiveillustrationsystem.Oneofthedesignerstookthatmessagetoheart.Sheworkedtoshowhumanconnection,motion,energyandjoyinherdrawings.She“wantedtopicturethatsenseofjoypeoplefeelwhenthey’resharingthingstogether”Thenamewhichwasgiventothenewartformwhenitwascompletedwasveryappropriate.TheynameditAlegria,whichmeansjoyinSpanish.BeforelongAlegriabecamethego-tostyleformanytechnologyandmediabusinesses.CorporationssuchasGoogle,AirbnbandYouTubebeganusingAlegriaorartwithAlegria-typesimilarities.TodayyoucanfindAlegriaartacrosstheinternet,inprint,onmagazinecoversandmore.WhydidAlegriaartbecomepopularsoquickly?Therearemanyreasons.Aswebsitesdependedonillustrationstofillspace,Alegria-typeartbecameincreasinglyuseful.Thestyleisflat,simpleandeasytocreate.Bycomparison,moredetailedartdesignsrequireextratime,skillandmoneytoproduce.BusinessesalsolovethefactthatAlegria’scharacterscelebratediversitybyfeaturinginternationalculturalevents.Theillustrationsconveygoodfeelings.Thosefeelingshelppeoplebelievetheycantrustthecompaniesthatfeaturethemontheirpages.Forsomeconsumers,though,that’saproblem.Thesepeoplethinksomecompanieshavesimplypaperedovertheirproblemswithpositiveimages.They’vefailedtoaddresstheirwrongdoingsormakelastingchanges.Formany,however,Alegriaisanicevisuallanguagethatrepresentshappiness.Fromchildrenhuggingtocouplesdancing,theimagesareallaboutpositiveenergy.Allinall,itseemsthatAlegriaistheperfectnameofthisplayful,funartstyle.40．WhichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesAlegriaartstylesowellreceivedquickly?A．Itscheerfulroom-fillingimages.B．Itstrustworthyfigures.C．Itsroleasculturalrepresentatives.D．Itseye-catchingdetails.41．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A．AlegriaimagesmayhelphidefaultsB．positiveimagesconveyfunnymessagesC．illustrationscanbeaudioinsomewayD．small-sizedcartooncharactersenjoypopularity42．Alegriaisthoughtastheperfectnamefortheartstylebecauseofits______.A．systemandcreativity B．technologyandimpactC．popularityandprofit D．meaningandfunction【答案】40．A41．A42．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了Alegria藝術(shù)風格作品。40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Ifyousearchtheinternetthesedays,you’lllikelyrunacrosssomestrange-looking,yetcheerfulcartooncharacters.(如果你這些天在網(wǎng)上搜索，你很可能會遇到一些長相奇怪但又很快樂的卡通人物)”可知，該藝術(shù)風格的作品擁有快樂的卡通人物形象；根據(jù)第三段前三句“WhydidAlegriaartbecomepopularsoquickly?Therearemanyreasons.Aswebsitesdependedonillustrationstofillspace,Alegria-typeartbecameincreasinglyuseful.(為什么Alegria藝術(shù)如此迅速地流行起來？原因有很多。隨著網(wǎng)站依賴插圖來填補空間，阿萊格里亞類型的藝術(shù)變得越來越有用)”可知，該藝術(shù)風格的作品在填補空間方面很起作用，這是它流行起來的原因?；谝陨蟽?nèi)容可推斷出該藝術(shù)風格被迅速接受的原因是它的作品形象很快樂，又能有效填補空間。故選A項。41．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Thesepeoplethinksomecompanieshavesimplypaperedovertheirproblemswithpositiveimages.(這些人認為一些公司只是用正面形象掩蓋了他們的問題)”可知，該藝術(shù)風格的形象可能能幫助掩蓋問題，即掩蓋錯誤。故選A項。42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第六句“TheynameditAlegria,whichmeansjoyinSpanish.(他們將它命名為Alegria，在西班牙語中意思是開心)”和最后一段后三句“Formany,however,Alegriaisanicevisuallanguagethatrepresentshappiness.Fromchildrenhuggingtocouplesdancing,theimagesareallaboutpositiveenergy.Allinall,itseemsthatAlegriaistheperfectnameofthisplayful,funartstyle.(然而，對許多人來說，阿萊格里亞語是一種很好的視覺語言，代表著幸福。從孩子們擁抱到情侶們跳舞，這些畫面都是關(guān)于正能量的。總而言之，Alegria似乎是這種有趣好玩的藝術(shù)風格的完美名字)”可知，這個名字所呈現(xiàn)的含義和這種藝術(shù)風格的形象具有的功能是一致的。故選D項。（C）（2023秋·上?！じ呷虾Ｊ写笸袑W校考開學考試）Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaythattheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetter