英語(上海A卷)-2023年高考第一次模擬考試卷(全解全析)

2023年高考英語第一次模擬考試卷英語全解全析（考試時間：90分鐘試卷滿分：115分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardenwasinauguratedinGuangzhou,capitalofGuangdongProvince,onMonday.___1___(build)onthecurrentSouthChinaBotanicalGardenintheeasternpartofthecity,___2___(it)establishmentwasapprovedbytheStateCouncilinJune,____3____aimstostrengthentheconservationandscientificresearchoftropicalandsubtropicalplantsofSouthChina,aswellasthedevelopmentneedsoftheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea.With333hectaresofexhibitionandscientificresearchareas,itistheworld’slargestsouthsubtropicalbotanicalgarden____4____oneofChina’soldest____5____(institution)forbotanicalresearchandconservation.Thegardenhasthreeresearchcenters,twonational-levelfieldstationsandthreekeylaboratoriesoftheChineseAcademyofSciences.Inthenextthree____6____fiveyears,anationalplantconservationcenterwillbeestablishedthereto____7____(effective)protect95percentofrareandendangeredplantsinSouthChina.Thegardenwillshowcasetheharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumansandnature,andshowrespecttonatureby____8____(put)conservationfirstandsharingitsbenefits.”ThegardenwilldemonstratethecharmofChinesecultureandbiodiversity,andinnovations____9____(encourage)initsconstruction.Meetinginternationalstandards,ourNationalBotanicalGardenwillbebuiltwithChinesecharacteristics,“theStateCouncilsaid.Therapid_____10_____(grow)oftheChineseeconomyanditsstrongerresearchcapabilitieshaveundoubtedlylaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofitsbiodiversityconservationefforts.1．Built

2．its

3．which

4．a(chǎn)nd

5．institutions

6．to##or

7．effectively

8．putting

9．willbeencouraged

10．growth【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章圍繞著華南國家植物園揭牌活動，介紹國家植物園的基本情況。1．考查非謂語動詞。句意：今年6月，該植物園經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)建立，其基礎(chǔ)是位于成都市東部的華南植物園，旨在加強(qiáng)華南熱帶和亞熱帶植物的保護(hù)和科學(xué)研究，以及粵港澳大灣區(qū)的發(fā)展需求。主句中主語為establishment，主句的謂語動詞是wasapproved.因此built為非謂語動詞，表被動作狀語。句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填Built。2．考查代詞。句意：今年6月，該植物園經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)建立，其基礎(chǔ)是位于成都市東部的華南植物園，旨在加強(qiáng)華南熱帶和亞熱帶植物的保護(hù)和科學(xué)研究，以及粵港澳大灣區(qū)的發(fā)展需求。名詞establishment前用形容詞性物主代詞its，指代華南國家植物園。故填its。3．考查定語從句。句意：今年6月，該植物園經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)建立，其基礎(chǔ)是位于成都市東部的華南植物園，旨在加強(qiáng)華南熱帶和亞熱帶植物的保護(hù)和科學(xué)研究，以及粵港澳大灣區(qū)的發(fā)展需求。指代itsestablishment，先行詞在非限定性定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。4．考查連詞。句意：擁有333公頃的展覽和科研區(qū)域，是世界上最大的南亞熱帶植物園，也是中國最古老的植物研究和保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)之一。根據(jù)句意，前后文是并列關(guān)系，所以用連詞and連接。故填and。5．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：擁有333公頃的展覽和科研區(qū)域，是世界上最大的南亞熱帶植物園，也是中國最古老的植物研究和保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)之一。oneof+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填institutions。6．考查介詞或連詞。句意：未來3到5年，將在那里建立國家植物保護(hù)中心，有效保護(hù)中國南方95%的珍稀瀕危植物。表示“未來3到5年”或“未來的3或者5年內(nèi)”，用介詞to或連詞or。故填to/or。7．考查副詞。句意：未來3到5年，將在那里建立國家植物保護(hù)中心，有效保護(hù)中國南方95%的珍稀瀕危植物。修飾動作，用副詞形式。故填effectively。8．考查非謂語動詞。句意：植物園將展示人與自然的和諧共處，尊重自然，把保護(hù)放在首位，分享自然的利益。介詞by后接動名詞形式，注意重讀閉音節(jié)需雙寫。故填putting。9．考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：植物園將展示中國文化和生物多樣性的魅力，鼓勵創(chuàng)新建設(shè)。與前后文一致，用一般將來時表將來。名詞innovations與encourage之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填willbeencouraged。10．考查名詞。句意：中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長和研究能力的增強(qiáng)無疑為中國生物多樣性保護(hù)工作的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。形容詞rapid后接名詞形式，在句中作主語。故填growth。SectionBDirections:A．a(chǎn)ppear

B．faded

C．immediately

D．ordinary

E.overlooked

F.pairingsG.progressively

H.signals

I.translate

J.underwent

K.unexpected

Mixingsenses:synaesthesiataughttoadultsBraintrainingforsynaesthesia—whereyoumixupsensoryinformation—maybejustaroundthecorner.Peoplehavebeentaughttoexperienceaformofsynaesthesiawhereletters___11___ascertaincolours,intheireverydaylife.Bytheendofthenine-weekcourse,mostofthevolunteerswereseeingtextintherealworldtakeonparticularcolours,onroadsigns,forexample.“Thecolour___12___popsintomyheadassoonasIsawthewordsontheroadsign,”saidoneparticipant.Synaesthesiaisthoughttoresultfrompeople’sbrainsdevelopinginsuchawaythattheirsensory___13___getmixedup.So“Tuesday”mightevoke(導(dǎo)致)thecolourpink,forexample,ortheword“tree”mighttastelikepopcorn.Earlylifeexperiencesmayplayarole—somesynaesthetesreportthattheirletter-colour___14___matchthecoloursofachildhoodalphabetorfridgemagnets.Butisitsomethingyoucanlearnasanadult?Twoyearsagoresearchersmadesomeaspectsoftheconditionbygettingpeopletoreadbookswheresomeoftheletterswereprintedincertaincolours.Thisimprovedtheirscoresontestsbutdidn’t___15___outofthelab.Whatifpeople___16___moreintensetraining?DanielBorattheUniversityofSussex,UK,gavepeopledailyhalf-hourtrainingcoursestoteachthem13letter-colourassociations,using___17___hardertasks.Thevolunteersalsopractisedwithspeciallycolourede-books.Aswellaspassingthelabtests,9ofthe14volunteersreportedseeingcolouredletterstovaryingextentswhentheyread___18___blacktext.Manysaweffectsbyweekfive,andsomehadsynaestheticexperiencesdaily.Theirpower___19___oncethetrainingstopped.Thetraininghada(n)___20___benefittoo.Thevolunteersgained12pointsinIQtestsbytheendoftraining.However,thismaybeageneralbenefitofintensivetrainingwithmemory-relatedtasks,saysBor,whoaddsthathemayinfutureputthetrainingtoolsonline.11．A

12．C

13．H

14．F

15．I

16．J

17．G

18．D

19．B

20．K【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種心理現(xiàn)象——聯(lián)覺。同時介紹了一個培養(yǎng)成年人聯(lián)覺的實(shí)驗(yàn)。11．考查動詞。句意：人們被教導(dǎo)在日常生活中體驗(yàn)一種聯(lián)覺形式，字母以特定的顏色出現(xiàn)。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用動詞作where引導(dǎo)定語從句中的謂語動詞。句子表述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，同時主語為letters，是復(fù)數(shù)，后動詞用原形。表示“出現(xiàn)”用appear。故選A。12．考查副詞。句意：一名參與者說：“當(dāng)我看到路標(biāo)上的字時，我的腦海中立刻出現(xiàn)了這種顏色。”分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用副詞作狀語修飾動詞pops。表示“立即地”用immediately。故選C。13．考查名詞。句意：聯(lián)覺被認(rèn)為是由于人們的大腦發(fā)育以一種感覺信號混淆的方式產(chǎn)生的。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用名詞作從句主語。表示“信號”用復(fù)數(shù)名詞signals。故選H。14．考查名詞。句意：早期的生活經(jīng)歷可能起了作用——一些聯(lián)覺者報(bào)告說，他們的字母顏色配對與童年字母表或冰箱貼的顏色匹配。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用名詞作從句主語。表示“顏色配對”用colorpairings。故選F。15．考查動詞。句意：這提高了他們的測試成績，但并沒有在實(shí)驗(yàn)室之外發(fā)揮作用。設(shè)空處置于助動詞didn’t之后，故應(yīng)該使用動詞作謂語。動詞translate(（使）轉(zhuǎn)變；（以某種方式）理解)符合句意，此處表示“在實(shí)驗(yàn)室之外產(chǎn)生作用”。故選I。16．考查動詞。句意：如果人們接受更高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練呢？分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語，此處表述過去發(fā)生事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過去時。表示“接受，承受”用undergo，過去式為underwent。故選J。17．考查副詞。句意：英國蘇塞克斯大學(xué)的丹尼爾·博爾每天給人們上半小時的培訓(xùn)課程，教他們13種字母顏色的關(guān)聯(lián)，并逐步增加難度。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用副詞作狀語修飾動詞using。表示“逐步地”用progressively。故選G。18．考查形容詞。句意：除了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試外，14名志愿者中有9人報(bào)告說，當(dāng)他們閱讀普通的黑色文字時，他們在不同程度上看到了彩色字母。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語修飾blacktext。表示“普通的”用ordinary。故選D。19．考查動詞。句意：一旦訓(xùn)練停止，它們的力量就消失了。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動詞作謂語。根據(jù)后文的stopped可知，此處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。表示“消失，消逝”用fade，過去式為faded。故選B。20．考查形容詞。句意：這種訓(xùn)練還有一個意想不到的好處。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語修飾名詞benefit。表示“意想不到的”用形容詞unexpected。故選K。ReadingComprehension(21–35題，每題1分；36–50題，每題2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.WehadtwoadorablecatsnamedBooandScout.Scoutateanythingwegaveand____21____spendinghisdaysinthecomfortablecouch(長沙發(fā))whileBoowas____22____infoodandmoreadventurous.Moreover,Boowasmoreobservant,andhe____23____tolearnskillsveryquickly.ThoughBoohadhisdailyoutdoor____24____,healwaysreturnedhomeatnighttosleepinthebasementwithScout.Ourbasementwas____25____fromtherestofthehousebyaheavydoor.Inthemorning,IfounditdifficulttoknowwhenBoowasreadytoventureoutsideorwhenScoutwasreadytotestthe____26____ofthecouch.Bothcatswouldsitquietlybehindthedoor____27____Ihappenedtorememberthemoropenedthedoorforsomereason.Todealwiththedoorproblem,Iboughtacatbellwithabutton.Itriedto____28____BooandScouttopressthebuttontomakearingingsoundwhentheywantedout.IassumedthatBoowouldgraspthe____29____quickly,butIwasn’tsureifScoutwouldunderstand._____30_____,withinaweek,Scoutlearnedtoringthebell.WhenIheardthe_____31_____,I’dopenthedoor.However,despitemybest_____32_____,Boowantedtodonothingwiththebell.Hewouldalways_____33_____thedoortobeopened.Fortunately,thetwocats_____34_____thedoordilemmaontheirown.Somehow,Boo_____35_____torubnoseswithScoutwhenhewantedtogooutsideandScoutwouldringthebellforBoo.21．A．missed B．risked C．enjoyed D．a(chǎn)voided22．A．careless B．selective C．experienced D．normal23．A．seemed B．continued C．pretended D．desired24．A．dilemmas B．a(chǎn)ssignments C．a(chǎn)dventures D．holidays25．A．removed B．separated C．protected D．forbidden26．A．softness B．beauty C．pressure D．value27．A．a(chǎn)fter B．if C．though D．until28．A．teach B．force C．elect D．bear29．A．proposal B．plan C．theory D．skill30．A．Undoubtedly B．Generally C．Unexpectedly D．Fortunately31．A．sigh B．whisper C．scream D．ring32．A．pursuits B．schedules C．efforts D．requirements33．A．breakup B．waitfor C．knockat D．callon34．A．a(chǎn)nalyzed B．solved C．found D．a(chǎn)ccepted35．A．began B．a(chǎn)greed C．failed D．happened21．C

22．B

23．A

24．C

25．B

26．A

27．D

28．A

29．D

30．C

31．D

32．C

33．B

34．B

35．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的兩只貓雖然性格不同，但能相處融洽。他們通過“學(xué)習(xí)按鈴”這件事也改變了作者對他們的性格及能力的先入之見。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Scout會享用我們給的任何食物，他喜歡整天躺在舒適的長沙發(fā)上，而Boo對食物很挑剔，更喜歡冒險。A.missed錯過；B.risked冒險；C.enjoyed享受；D.avoided避免。根據(jù)下文“whenScoutwasreadytotestthe6ofthecouch”可知，Scout喜歡（enjoyed）躺在沙發(fā)上。故選C項(xiàng)。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Scout會享用我們給的任何食物，他喜歡整天躺在舒適的長沙發(fā)上，而Boo對食物很挑剔，更喜歡冒險。A.careless粗心的；B.selective挑剔的；C.experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；D.normal正常的。根據(jù)下文“infoodandmoreadventurous.”可知，Boo對食物是挑剔（selective）。故選B項(xiàng)。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，Boo的觀察力更強(qiáng)，他似乎很快就能學(xué)會技能。A.seemed似乎；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.pretended假裝；D.desired渴望。根據(jù)下文“However,despitemybest12,Boowantedtodonothingwiththebell.”可知，此處是與下文的對比，指的是Boo似乎（seemed）很快就能學(xué)會技能。故選A項(xiàng)。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管Boo每天都在戶外冒險，但他總會在晚上回到家中，和Scout一起睡在地下室里。A.dilemmas尷尬處境；B.assignments任務(wù)；C.adventures冒險經(jīng)歷；D.holidays假期。根據(jù)上文“whileBoowas2infoodandmoreadventurous.”可知，Boo喜歡戶外冒險（adventures）。故選C項(xiàng)。25．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一扇很重的門把地下室與房子的其他部分隔開了。A.removed移除；B.separated分開；C.protected保護(hù)；D.forbidden禁止。根據(jù)下文“Inthemorning,IfounditdifficulttoknowwhenBoowasreadytoventureoutside”可知，一扇門將地下室與房子隔開（separated），導(dǎo)致我很難了解貓的動態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：早上的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難知道Boo什么時候準(zhǔn)備好出門或Scout什么時候準(zhǔn)備好測試長沙發(fā)的柔軟度。A.softness柔軟；B.beauty美；C.pressure壓力；D.value價值。根據(jù)上文“Scoutateanythingwegaveand1spendinghisdaysinthecomfortablecouch”可知，Scout喜歡躺沙發(fā)，也就是此處的測試沙發(fā)的柔軟度（softness）。故選A項(xiàng)。27．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：兩只貓會靜靜地坐在門后，直到我碰巧想起他們或者出于某種原因打開了門。A.after之后B.if如果；C.though盡管；D.until直到。根據(jù)本句“Bothcatswouldsitquietlybehindthedoor7Ihappenedtorememberthemoropenedthedoorforsomereason.”可知，我經(jīng)常忘記他們，所以直到（until）我偶然打開了門，他們才能出去。故選D項(xiàng)。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我努力教Boo和Scout在想出去的時候按下按鈕。A.teach教；B.force強(qiáng)迫；C.elect選舉；D.bear忍受。根據(jù)下文“BooandScouttopressthebuttontomakearingingsoundwhentheywantedout.”可知，為了解決上述問題，我教（teach）兩只貓按鈴。故選A項(xiàng)。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為Boo會很快掌握這項(xiàng)技能，但我不確定Scout是否能理解。A.proposal提議；B.plan計(jì)劃；C.theory理論；D.skill技能。根據(jù)上文“Boowasmoreobservant”可知，我認(rèn)為Boo觀察力很強(qiáng)，所以很快就能掌握這項(xiàng)技能（skill）。故選D項(xiàng)。30．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，不到一周，Scout就學(xué)會了按鈴。A.Undoubtedly毫無疑問地；B.Generally一般地；C.Unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)上文“butIwasn’tsureifScoutwouldunderstand.”以及下文“withinaweek,Scoutlearnedtoringthebell.”可知，我以為Scout很難學(xué)會，結(jié)果它是最先學(xué)會按鈴的，這是出乎我的意料的（Unexpectedly）。故選C項(xiàng)。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我聽到響鈴時，我就會打開門。A.sigh嘆氣，嘆息；B.whisper小聲說；C.scream尖叫；D.ring響鈴。根據(jù)下文“I’dopenthedoor.”可知，只要我聽到按鈴（ring），我就會開門。故選D項(xiàng)。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，盡管我盡了最大的努力，Boo還是不愿用鈴做任何事。A.pursuits追求；B.schedules日程表；C.efforts努力；D.requirements要求。根據(jù)本句“However,despitemybest12,Boowantedtodonothingwiththebell.”可知，盡管我非常努力（efforts）教Boo，但是它還是不愿意學(xué)。故選C項(xiàng)。33．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他總是等著門被打開。A.breakup打破；B.waitfor等待；C.knockat敲；D.callon訪問，號召。根據(jù)上文“Boowantedtodonothingwiththebell.”可知，Boo不愿意按鈴，所以還是只能等待（waitfor）門被打開。故選B項(xiàng)。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，兩只貓自己解決了門的難題。A.analyzed分析；B.solved解決；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.accepted接受。根據(jù)下文“Somehow,Boo15torubnoseswithScoutwhenhewantedtogooutsideandScoutwouldringthebellforBoo.”可知，這兩只貓最后還是自己解決（solved）了這個開門問題。故選B項(xiàng)。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不知怎么的，Boo開始在想出去的時候和Scout蹭鼻子，Scout就會為Boo按鈴。A.began開始；B.agreed同意；C.failed失??；D.happened發(fā)生。根據(jù)下文“whenhewantedtogooutsideandScoutwouldringthebellforBoo.”可知，Boo想出去就會開始（began）蹭Scout的鼻子，讓它幫忙按鈴。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）ThepeonyhasgainedextraordinarysupportinanonlinevotetobechosenasChina’snationalflower.Thefinalresultofthepoll,initiatedbytheChinaFlowerAssociation,willbeunveiledonFriday.ThefivedaysofvotingbeganonMonday,andanofficialfromtheassociationrevealedthatthepeonyhascollectedmorethan90percentofthevotestodateamong10options.“Wearesteppingintotheneweraandthecountryiswitnessingsocialprosperity,”theofficialsaid.“Peoplealsohavebetterlivingconditions.Itistimetohaveanofficialnationalflowerthatcanrepresentourstateimageandthenation’sspirit.”Accordingtotheassociation,China’snationalflowershouldmeetfourstandards:ItshouldoriginateinChinaandhavealonghistoryinmanyregions;itshouldbebeautifulinshapeandcolor,torepresenttheChinesecultureandpersonality;itshouldhaveaprofoundhistoricalcultureandbewidelyknowntothepublic;anditshouldbeextensivelyusedinmanyfieldswithacompetitiveecologicalandeconomicvaluethatcouldbenefitthepublic.“ThepeonywasthenationalflowerintheTangDynasty(618-907).Apartfromornamental(觀賞的)value,italsohasbeenusedasafoodandatraditionalChineseherb,forwhichithasstrongeconomicvalue,”Dongsaid.“ItiswidelyknownbyChinesepeople.Evenmy10-year-oldsonandhisclassmatesinprimaryschoolhavevotedforit.”ByWednesdayafternoon,nearly600,000peoplehadjoinedinthediscussiononWeChat,withabout470,000agreeingthatthenationalflowershouldbeonlyonecertainflower.Amongseveralcolorsbeingconsidered,theredpeonyhasgainedthegreatestsupportfromthepublicwithnearly30,000votesonSinaWeibo,followedbywhiteandyellow.Manynetizenssaidtheydidn’trealizethatChinahasnonationalflower.Infact,manypeoplesaidtheyhadalreadyacceptedthepeonyasthenationalfloweryearsbeforetheysawthevote.36．Whatismostprobablythisarticle?A．Anintroductiontoaflower. B．Anewsreportaboutavote.C．Anadforaflower. D．Apublicnoticeofavote.37．Whatpartofthevotingisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theprocedure. B．Thestandard. C．Thereason. D．Theresult.38．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeonybeingchosenasChina’snationalflower?A．negative B．supportive C．unclear D．intolerant39．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Peonyleadsnationalflowervoting.B．Neweracallsfornewnationalflower.C．Peonychangesnationalflowerstandards.D．Peonyrepresentsnation’simageandspirit.36．B

37．B

38．C

39．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了在中國國花選舉投票中，牡丹獲得了巨大的支持這一現(xiàn)象。36．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了牡丹在選舉中國國花的投票中獲得了異乎尋常的支持，文章對投票的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)和牡丹本身作了相關(guān)介紹，同時報(bào)道了與投票相關(guān)的討論和最新信息，并注明了投票結(jié)果最終公布的時間，故本文就是一篇關(guān)于選國花的投票的新聞報(bào)道；故選B項(xiàng)。37．主旨大意題。文章第四段“Accordingtotheassociation,China’snationalflowershouldmeetfourstandards:ItshouldoriginateinChinaandhavealonghistoryinmanyregions;itshouldbebeautifulinshapeandcolor,torepresenttheChinesecultureandpersonality;itshouldhaveaprofoundhistoricalcultureandbewidelyknowntothepublic;anditshouldbeextensivelyusedinmanyfieldswithacompetitiveecologicalandeconomicvaluethatcouldbenefitthepublic.(根據(jù)該協(xié)會的說法，中國的國花應(yīng)該符合四個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：它應(yīng)該起源于中國，在許多地區(qū)有悠久的歷史；它應(yīng)該有美麗的形狀和顏色，代表中國文化和個性；它應(yīng)該有深厚的歷史文化，為公眾所熟知；它應(yīng)該廣泛應(yīng)用于許多具有競爭性的生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值的領(lǐng)域，可以造福公眾。)”可知這段是在說選國花的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；故文章第四段在講述投票的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分；故選B項(xiàng)。38．推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，文章主要講述了牡丹在選舉中國國花的投票中獲得了異乎尋常的支持這一現(xiàn)象，并以數(shù)據(jù)和引用別人的話來說明實(shí)際情況，并未帶有個人感情色彩去支持或者反對這個投票情況，也沒有其他偏執(zhí)的態(tài)度，故我們不清楚作者對于牡丹被選為國花這一事件的態(tài)度；故選C項(xiàng)。39．標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀文章可知，文章主要講述了牡丹在選舉中國國花的投票中獲得了異乎尋常的支持這一現(xiàn)象，并以數(shù)據(jù)和引用別人的話來說明了牡丹選票領(lǐng)先于其他花卉這樣的實(shí)際情況，綜上所述，本文就是圍繞牡丹領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國花卉投票這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行闡述的，故選項(xiàng)A適合作為本文標(biāo)題；故選A項(xiàng)。（B）Timehasalwaysbeenofgreatinteresttoscientist…Theory1:AccordingtoCaltechcosmologist(宇宙學(xué)家)DrSeanCarroll,theflowoftimefrompasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniversethatexistedbeforetheBigBangandthengavebirthtoourown.Theory2:In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum(量子)stateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmanykeyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisabsent:time.Sometheoristsbelievethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.Theory3:AccordingtotheoristProfLeeSmolinatthePerimeterInstitute,Canada,theexistenceoflifeintheUniverseistheresultofthelawsofphysicsevolvingtotheircurrentstateoveranunlimitednumberofpreviousuniverses.Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistenceisproofthattimedoesexist.Theory4:In2009,physicistsattheuniversitiesofBristolandCambridgeshowedthatthepassingoftimerevealedby,say,thecoolingofacupoftea,maybeduetoquantumeffectcalled‘entanglement’.Thisinvolvestheparticles(粒子)intheteaminteractingwiththeirsurroundings,beingboundtogetherandbecominghardertodistinguishfromeachother—aone-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur.Theory5:Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.Lastyear,twocosmologistsattheYerevanPhysicsInstituteshowedthatdarkenergyleadstothegrowthofentropy,ameasureofdisorder,intheUniverse.40．Allthefivetheoriesimplythat_____.A．timeisflexible B．timeisconstantC．timedoesgoforthandback D．timedoesexistinsomeway41．Whichtheorydoesn’tincludetime?A．Theory1. B．Theory2.C．Theory3. D．Theory4.42．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdarkenergy?A．Itleadstotheexistenceofmulti-universities.B．Itiswhatkeepstheuniverseinorder.C．Itincreasesinstrengthwithgravity.D．Itiswhatmakestheuniversegetbigger.40．D

41．B

42．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章講述了關(guān)于時間的五個理論。40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Theory1中“AccordingtoCaltechcosmologist(宇宙學(xué)家)DrSeanCarroll,theflowoftimefrompasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniverse(根據(jù)加州理工大學(xué)宇宙學(xué)家肖恩·卡羅爾博士的說法，時間從過去到未來流動可能是我們的宇宙從另一個宇宙中出現(xiàn)的癥狀)”、Theory2中“Sometheoristsbelievethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.(一些理論家認(rèn)為，這意味著時間只存在于我們的頭腦中)”、Theory3中“Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistenceisproofthattimedoesexist.(如果這是真的，這意味著我們的存在本身就是時間確實(shí)存在的證明)”、Theory4中“aone-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur(這是一個單向的過程，需要時間向前推移才能發(fā)生)”以及Theory5中“Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.(暗能量，一種神秘的反引力，驅(qū)動著宇宙的膨脹，可能與時間箭頭的存在有關(guān))”可知，五個理論都暗示了時間以某種形式確實(shí)存在。故選D。41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theory2中“In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum(量子)stateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmanykeyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisabsent:time.(1967年，兩位美國理論家提出了一個描述整個宇宙量子態(tài)的方程。它被稱為Wheeler-DeWitt方程，包含了宇宙的許多關(guān)鍵特征，比如它的大小。但有一個方面是缺失的：時間)”可知，理論2不包括時間。故選B。42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theory5中“Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionoftheUniverse,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.(暗能量，一種神秘的反引力，驅(qū)動著宇宙的膨脹，可能與時間箭頭的存在有關(guān))”可知，暗能量驅(qū)動著宇宙的膨脹。故選D。（C）WangShuangwasjustfivewhenherparentsdivorced,droppedheratheruncle’sandleft.Football,asitoftenis,becameanescape.Atseven,shewasspottedbycoachXuYilong,whofoundWangquickinherplayfulbehaviour.Astheonlygirlintheboys’team,Wang’sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”Andsoon,shesensedthesport’spower.Footballallowedherto“releaseherself“andrealize”whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.”However,lifewasneversmoothsailing.Theconstantjibes(嘲諷)fromsomepeople,whoalwaystriedtopushherdownanddestroyherhopes,affectedhersodeeplythatshelostconfidence.“TheyweresayingIhadnotalentatall.Gradually,Ifeltreallyso.”Wangoncewrote.Butneverdidshestopplaying.Whenshewascalleduptothenationalteam,aged17,Wangthought,“Me?Areyousure?”Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas“excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.”Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.“Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.”Notany“bitoftalent”;thegeniusispraisedasChina’sonce-in-a-generationplayer.Chinaisapioneerofwomen’sfootballinAsiaandhaswonthecontinentalchampionshipeighttimes,includingsevenstraighttitlesbetween1986and1999.Thatwastheirgoldenage.Gradually,though,thedynastydeclined.ItishopedthatWangwillinspirethewomen’sfootballofthecountrytoitsformerheight.Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn’tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.Whentheylackedaqualityball,shedeliveredtwohighassiststhatfinallyledherteamintothelast-fourclash(四分之一決賽).“Nobodyknowshowharditwas,”declaredWangafterthematch.“Weovercamedifficulties.Wealsoshowedourstrongspiritualpower.Iamproudofmyteam.”43．WhatcanweinferaboutWangfromthe2ndparagraph?A．Sheearnedalivingonherown. B．Shewasreleasedfromtheteam.C．Shewaslaughedatbytheboys. D．Shefoundasenseofbelonging.44．HowdidWangregainfaithinherabilities?A．Bywinningrecognition. B．Byobtaininginspiration.C．Byplayinginthenationalteam. D．Byignoringotherpeople’sjibes.45．WhichwouldbestdescribecoachShui’sattitudetoWang?A．Conservative. B．Contradictory.C．Favourable. D．Critical.46．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．WangShuang:ASteelRose B．WangShuang:AChildGeniusC．WangShuang:AFootballPioneer D．WangShuang:AGoldenAgeCreator43．D

44．A

45．C

46．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了中國女子足球運(yùn)動員王霜的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷和成就。43．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Atseven,shewasspottedbycoachXuYilong,whofoundWangquickinherplayfulbehaviour.Astheonlygirlintheboys’team,Wang’sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”Andsoon,shesensedthesport’spower.Footballallowedherto“releaseherself”andrealize“whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.”(7歲時，她被教練徐一龍看中，徐一龍發(fā)現(xiàn)王霜活潑好動。作為男隊(duì)中唯一的女生，王霜的表現(xiàn)令人印象深刻，為她贏得了“鐵妹”的綽號。很快，她就感受到這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的力量。足球讓她“釋放自我”，并意識到“無論發(fā)生什么，足球永遠(yuǎn)不會讓你孤單。”)”可知，王霜認(rèn)為足球能讓她釋放自己，意識到，無論發(fā)生什么，足球永遠(yuǎn)不會讓她孤單。由此可推知，王霜從足球身上感受到了一種歸屬感。故選D項(xiàng)。44．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Whenshewascalleduptothenationalteam,aged17,Wangthought,“Me?Areyousure?”Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas“excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.”Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.“Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.”(17歲那年，當(dāng)她被征召進(jìn)國家隊(duì)時，她想：“我？你確定嗎？”當(dāng)一家世界著名的俱樂部想要簽下她時，她“很興奮，因?yàn)橐晃粌?yōu)秀的教練認(rèn)為我很好?！敝钡侥菚r，她才對自己的能力充滿信心?！拔矣X得自己被認(rèn)可了。也許我還是有點(diǎn)天賦的。”)”可知，在被招進(jìn)國家隊(duì)，自己的能力被認(rèn)可時，王霜才對自己的能力充滿信心。故選A項(xiàng)。45．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn’tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.Whentheylackedaqualityball,shedeliveredtwohighassiststhatfinallyledherteamintothelast-fourclash(四分之一決賽).(但在與越南的比賽前，當(dāng)水教練被問及王霜時，她忍不住提到了王霜對球隊(duì)的影響。在大舞臺上的不懈表現(xiàn)，王霜沒有讓她的球隊(duì)失望。當(dāng)他們?nèi)鄙僖粋€高質(zhì)量的球時，她送出了兩個高助攻，最終帶領(lǐng)球隊(duì)進(jìn)入四強(qiáng)。)”可知，王霜送出了兩個高助攻，最終帶領(lǐng)球隊(duì)進(jìn)入四強(qiáng)。由此可推知，水教練對王霜的態(tài)度是很支持，很贊揚(yáng)的。故選C項(xiàng)。46．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段提到了足球成為了王霜的逃避；第二段提到了王霜7歲時被教練看中，加入足球隊(duì)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練；第三段提到了王霜曾受到周圍人的打擊和嘲笑而不自信，但被招進(jìn)國家隊(duì)后重拾了信心；第四、五、六、七段介紹了王霜的相關(guān)成就。由此可知，本文主要介紹了王霜的個人經(jīng)歷，跌宕起伏，但依然保持對足球的熱情和初心，猶如綻放的鏗鏘玫瑰。A項(xiàng)“WangShuang:ASteelRose(“鏗鏘玫瑰”王霜)”更符合文章主題。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionCDirections:thefollowingpassages.ineachblankwithasentenceintheEachsentencebethatsentencesneed.QuietPowerSince2011,peoplearoundtheworldhavebeencelebratingWorldIntrovertDayonJanuary2.Thewordintrovertdescribesapersonalitytype.______47______Theyarelikelytofeeldrainedbyenvironmentsthatarehighlystimulatingandmayoftenneedtogotoaquietplacetorecharge.WorldIntrovertDaybeganwithablogpostfromGermanpsychologistFelicitasHeyne.Shesuggestedthatintrovertsareoftenmisunderstood,andtheirmentalhealthsuffersbecausepopularcultureisdominatedbyextroverts.HerideawastocelebrateWorldIntrovertDaytoraiseawarenessofthesocialchallengesthatintrovertsface._____48_____Therearemanyfamousintrovertsinartandscience,suchasAlbertEinstein.CharlesDarwin,J.K.Rowling,andLadyGaga.Itisbelievedthatmanyintrovertshaveagreatabilitytofocusandstrongpowersofimagination.AfterthenoisyNewYearcelebrationsareover,peoplecansetasideonedayforsomequiettimebythemselvesorwithsomeintrovertedfriends._____49_____Theoppositeofanintrovertiscalledanextrovert.Extrovertsloveconnectingwithotherpeople,workwellingroups,andareusuallyveryconfident.Whenintrovertsdon’tfitintogroupsofextroverts,theymaybeseenascold,uninterested,ortimid.Popularculturetellsusthatitisimportanttonetwork,socialize,andcommunicate,butallofthiscanmakeintrovertsfeeluncomfortable.Scientistsarestudyingwhatcausessomeonetobeanintrovertoranextrovert.Recentstudiesshowthatgenesareafactor,andmostpeopleseemtobebornwithonepersonalitytypeortheother._____50_____Ourenvironmentandexperiencesalsoinfluencewhetherweareintrovertedorextroverted.Thetermambivertdescribessomeonewhoisrightinthemiddle.Nomatterwhatpersonalitytypewehave,wecanalwayscelebrateourdifferencesandlearnfromeachother.A．Itwouldalsocelebratethecontributionsofintrovertsthroughouthistory.B．Thebrainofanintrovertcanresponddramaticallytoaverymildstimulus.C．Youneverknowwhatnewideasyoumightfindwhenyouslowdowntoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.D．Introvertedpeopleareknowntolivewithuniquechallengesandgift.E．Introvertedpeopledon'trequirealotofsocialcontact,andtheyenjoyspendingtimealone.F．Partofwhatmakesusintrovertedorextrovertedishowourbrainsrespondtotheworldaroundus.47．E

48．A

49．C

50．F【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了內(nèi)向者的特點(diǎn)，并探討了導(dǎo)致內(nèi)