2022高考英語閱讀理解和單項(xiàng)選擇練習(xí)(15)及答案

單項(xiàng)填空1．Inthislecture，Icanonlygiveyouapurely______viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.A．private B．personalC．unique D．different解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這次演講中，關(guān)于我們?cè)鯓颖M情生活我只能給你(們)純粹的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，并就將來提一些建議。private“個(gè)人的，私人的；私有的，私立的”；personal“(意見或感覺)個(gè)人的，自己的；私密的，隱私的”；unique“(某個(gè)地方或狀況)下獨(dú)一無二的，僅有的，唯一的；獨(dú)特的”；different“不同的”。依據(jù)詞義及語境推斷，personal正確。答案B2．Dadisusedtosmokinganddrinking.There’snochance____I’mabletotalkhiminto_____.A．whether；givingitupB．ofwhether；givingthemupC．that；gettingridofthemD．which；stoppingit解析There’snochancethat...沒有可能……。答案C3．He’s______tofailtheexamifhedoesn’tdoanyrevision.A．difficult B．fairC．bound D．a(chǎn)bsurd解析beboundtodo“確定做某事”。句意：假如他一點(diǎn)也不復(fù)習(xí)，他確定會(huì)考不及格的。答案C4．Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas______it.A．infavourof B．inmemoryofC．inhonourof D．insearchof解析infavourof贊成，支持；inmemoryof紀(jì)念；inhonourof為了對(duì)……表示敬意；insearchof查找。答案A5．Iam______yoursuggestion______weshouldspendmoretimeonthisproject.A．infavourof；which B．inhonorof；thatC．infavourof；that D．inhonorof；which解析句意：我很贊成你的建議那就是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在這個(gè)工程上花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間。infavourof贊成；inhonorof向……表示敬意；為紀(jì)念……。其次個(gè)空為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。答案C6．Hecouldn’tresist______hisnewcar.A．toshowon B．showingonC．toshowoff D．showingoff解析can’tresistdoingsth.禁不住做某事；showoff炫耀。答案D7．Thoughateenager，F(xiàn)redcouldresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A．tobetold B．havingtoldC．beingtold D．tohavebeentold解析resistdoing抵制干某事，別人告知他應(yīng)做什么，不做什么，所以用被動(dòng)。答案C8．Thethirty-storeybuildingisoneofthemostchallengingengineeringprojectstheyhaveever______.A．undergone B．overtakenC．understood D．undertaken解析undertake“負(fù)責(zé)，從事”。句意：那座30層的大樓是他們負(fù)責(zé)的最有挑戰(zhàn)性的工程之一。答案D9．You’vedonesomuchwork—you______passtheexam.A．a(chǎn)relikelyto B．havetoC．can D．a(chǎn)reboundto解析句意：你已下了這么多功夫了，你確定能通過考試。beboundtodo確定能做……。答案D10．Don’t______yourfatheraboutitnow；heisverytired.A．care B．botherC．set D．get解析bothersb.about...麻煩某人……。句意：現(xiàn)在不要拿這個(gè)去麻煩你父親，他很累了。答案B11．Thereisaboardbytheroad，which________“Parking______！”A．writes；forbidding B．reading；forbiddingC．says；forbidden D．saying；forbidden解析第一空意為“牌子上寫著”，可用says或reads，由于是從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，不用reading或saying，其次空是forbidparking的變化形式，由于兩者之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)是Parkingforbidden?。絅oparking！禁止停車！答案C12．—LiFengwonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcompetition.—Oh，really？I’mgladthathereffortsatlast______.A．workedout B．gotbackC．paidoff D．turnedout解析下句意為“我很興奮她的努力最終有了好結(jié)果?！眕ayoff(指冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的政策、做法等)帶來好結(jié)果，成功，行得通。又如：Thegamblepaidoff.賭贏了。答案C13．Hewasinpoorhealth，sothedoctor______himtodrinkwine.A．hoped B．demandedC．forbade D．prevented解析句意：由于身體差，醫(yī)生禁止他喝酒。用forbid符合句意。答案C14．—Believeme，allyoureffortswill______someday.—Thanksforyourencouragement.A．payback B．paydownC．payoff D．payup解析句意：——請(qǐng)信任我，你全部的努力總有一天會(huì)得到回報(bào)的?！兄x你的鼓舞。payback還錢；報(bào)復(fù)；paydown付現(xiàn)金；payoff得到回報(bào)；payup全部付清。答案C15．—HowdoCanadiansliketobecalled?—Mostofthemdon’tobject______thembytheirfirstnames.A．thatyoucall B．forcallingC．toyourcalling D．tocall解析objectto(one’s)doingsth.反對(duì)(某人)做某事。答案C閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。TimRichterandhiswife,Linda,hadtaughtforover30yearsnearBuffalo,Notlongafterthesurgery,TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,aprogramstartedbyDollyParton’sfoundation(基金會(huì))thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger’shometownofSevier,Tennessee.“Ithought,maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenweretire,“Timrecalls.Heplacedthebrochureonhisdesk,“asareminder."Fiveyearslater,nowretiredandwiththatbrochurestillonthedesk,Timclickedonimaginationlibrary.com.Theprogramhadbeenopeneduptopartnerswhocouldtakeadvantageofbookandpostagediscounts.ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters.Ratherthansignuponline,theywenttoDollywoodforalook-see.“Wedidn’twanttogivethechildrenrubbish,"saysLinda.Thebooks—reviewedeachyearbyteachers,literacyspecialists,andDollywoodboardmembers—includedclassicssuchasEzraJackKeats’sTheSnowyDayandnewerbookslikeAnnaDewdney’sLlamaLlamaseries.Satisfied,thecouplesetuptheRichterFamilyFoundationandgottowork.Since2004,theyhaveshippedmorethan12,200bookstopreschoolersintheirarea.MeganWilliams,amotheroffour,ismorethanappreciative:“ThisprogramintroducesustobooksI’veneverheardof."TheRichtersspendabout$400amonthsendingbooksto200children.“Somepeoplesitthereandwaittodie,“saysTim.“Othersgetasbusyastheycaninthetimetheyhaveleft."1.WhatledTimtothinkseriouslyaboutthemeaningoflife?A.Hishealthproblem.B.Hisloveforteaching.C.Theinfluenceofhiswife.D.ThenewsfromtheWeb.2.WhatdidTimwanttodoafterlearningaboutImaginationLibrary?A.Giveoutbrochures.B.Dosomethingsimilar.C.Writebooksforchildren.D.Retirefrombeingateacher.3.Accordingtothetext,DollyPartonis.A.awell-knownsurgeonB.amotherofafour-year-oldC.asingerborninTennesseeD.acomputerprogrammer4.WhydidtheRichtersgotoDollywood?A.Toavoidsigninguponline.B.TomeetDollywoodboardmembers.C.Tomakesurethebookswerethenewest.D.Toseeifthebookswereofgoodquality.5.WhatcanwelearnfromTim’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Heneedsmoremoneytohelpthechildren.B.Hewonderswhysomepeoplearesobusy.C.Hetriestosavethosewaitingtodie.D.Heconsidershiseffortsworthwhile.【參考答案】1—5、ABCDD【2021高考復(fù)習(xí)】閱讀理解OneofthefoundingfathersoftheInternethaspredictedtheendoftraditionaltelevision.VintCerf，whohelpedtobuildtheInternetwhileworkingasaresearcherinAmerica，saidthatthetelevisionwasapproachingits“iPodmoment”．InthesamewaythatpeoplenowdownloadtheirfavoritemusicontotheiriPod，hesaidthatviewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.“85%ofallvideoswewatchareprerecorded，soyoucansetyoursystemtodownloadthemallthetime，”saidMrCerf，whoisnowthevicepresidentofGoogle，theworld’slargestsearchengine.“You’restillgoingtoneedlivetelevisionforcertainthings—likenews，sportingeventsandemergencies—butincreasinglyitisgoingtobealmostliketheiPod.”AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK，theBBC，ITVandChannel4haveallspentvastsumsofmoneyontechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavoriteshowsontheircomputers.Butsomecritics(批判人士)，includingsomeInternetserviceproviders，havewarnedthattheInternetwillcollapsewithmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametime.Overthenextfouryears，itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheInternetwillbefourtimesasbigasthat.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”，whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstogetittonormal.ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scarethoughts”，sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothattheNetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitalltogether.“Inthepast30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes...We’refarfromreachingthecapacity，”hesaid，“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”【語篇解讀】隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的進(jìn)展，傳統(tǒng)的電視將有可能退出歷史的舞臺(tái)。1．WhatwouldhappentotelevisionaccordingtoVintCerf?A．Televisionwouldcometoanend.B．Televisionwouldbereplacedbythecomputer.C．ViewerswouldpreferwatchingTVprogramsdownloadedontheircomputers.D．MostpeoplewouldprefertheInternettotelevision.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句中的“viewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.”可知，人們寵愛將最寵愛的節(jié)目下載到電腦上進(jìn)行觀看，因此選C。答案C2．“iPodmoment”referstothetimewhen________.A．peoplecanenjoythelivebroadcastoftelevisionB．peoplecandownloadcontenttolookatlaterC．a(chǎn)llprogramsarerecordedwithcarefulplanD．thecomputerandtelevisionarecloselycombined解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段敘述可知，像把音樂下載到iPod一樣，人們能將最寵愛的電視節(jié)目下載到電腦上，稍后觀看，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案B3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，MrCerfheldtheideathat______.A．theInternetwillcollapsewithmanypeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametimeB．theNetwillcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstarttouseitalltogetherC．theInternetservicewillbreakdownwithmanyvideoswatchedovertheInternetD．people’sdownloadingTVprogramsontheircomputerswon’tcausethecollapseoftheInternet解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，MrCerf認(rèn)為即使人們把電視節(jié)目下載到電腦中，也不會(huì)導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓。答案D閱讀理解。Airpollutionisdamaging60%ofEurope’sprimewildlifesitesinmeadows,forestsandbushes,accordingtoanewreport.AteamofEUscientistssaidnitrogenemissions(氮排放)fromcars,factoriesandfarmingwerethreateningbiodiversity.It’sthesecondreportthisweekwarningoftheon-goingrisksandthreatslinkedtonitrogenpollution.Nitrogenintheatmosphereisharmlessinitsinert(惰性的)state,butthereportsaysreactiveformsofnitrogen,largelyproducedbyhumanactivity,canbeamenacetothenaturalworld.Emissionsmostlycomefromvehicleexhausts(排氣),factories,artificialfertilizers(肥料)andanimalwastefromintensivefarming.Thereactivenitrogentheyemittotheairdisruptstheenvironmentintwoways:Itcanmakeacidicsoilstooacidictosupporttheirpreviousmixofspecies.Butprimarily,becausenitrogenisafertilizer,itfavorswildplantsthatcanmaximizetheuseofnitrogentohelpthemgrow.Ineffect,someofthenitrogenspreadtofertilizecropsiscarriedintheatmospheretofertilizeweeds,possiblyagreatdistancefromwherethechemicalswerefirstapplied.Theeffectsoffertilizationandacidificationfavorcommonaggressivespecieslikegrasses,bramblesandnettles.Theyharmmoredelicatespecieslikemosses(苔蘚),andinsect-eatingsundewplants.Thereportsaid60%ofwildlifesiteswerenowreceivingacriticalloadofreactivenitrogen.Thereport’sleadauthor,DrKevinHicksfromtheUniversityofYork’sStockholmEnvironmentInstitute(SEI),toldBBCNewsthatEngland’sPeakDistricthadadefinitelylowrangeofspeciesasaresultofthereactivenitrogenthatfellonthearea.“Nitrogencreatesaratherbigproblemthatseemstometohavebeengiventoolittleattention,”hesaid.“Governmentsareresponsibleforprotectingareaslikethis,buttheyareclearlyfailing.”Hesaidmoreresearchwasneededtounderstandtheknock-oneffectsforcreaturesfromthechangesinvegetationaccidentallycausedbyemissionsfromcars,industryandfarms.Attheconference,therepresentativesagreed“TheEdinburghDeclarationonReactiveNitrogen”.Thedocumenthighlightstheimportanceofredu