蘭州市2022高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯自練(7)及答案

【由江西省吉安一中2022模擬改編】閱讀理解。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ToWhomItMayConcern:YouraddresswasforwardedtousbyHowtoMagazine.AllofusherethinkTheInternationalInstituteofNotDoingMuchisthebestorganizationintheworld.Youknowhowtoavoidunnecessaryactivities!Asamatteroffact,wecloselyfollowedtheadviceinyourarticle.First,wereplacedallourtelephoneswithcarrierpigeons.Simplyremovingthejingleoftelephonesandreplacingthemwiththepleasantsoundsofbirdshashadaremarkableeffectoneveryone.Besides,birdsarecheaperthantelephoneservice.Afterall,weareabusiness.Wehavetothinkofthebottomline.Asasidebenefit,thebirdsalsofertilizethelawnoutsidethenewemployees’sauna(桑拿房).Next,wesoldthecomputersofftoStab,Grab,Grit,andNasty,afirmoflawyersnearby.Ourelectricitybillwentwaydown.Bigsavings!Thebossisimpressed.Wehavecompletelyembracedpapertechnology.Nowthatweallusepencils,doodlingisontheincrease,andthequalityofpencilwomanshipisimpressive,asyoucantellfrommyhandwritinginthisletter.Bytheway,ifyoucan,pleasesendthisletterbacktous.Wecaneraseandreuseit.JusttieittoMaggie’slegandshe’llknowwheretotakeit.Nowit’sverycalmandquiethere.Youcannoticethedifference.Nomoreloudchatteronthetelephones!Allwehearisthescratchingofpencilonpaper,thesoundofpigeons,andthedeliveryofinter-officecorrespondencebypaperairplane.Wonderful!I’vealwayswantedtoworkforaninsurancecompanyeversinceIwasalittlegirl.Nowit’sperfect.Sincerelyyours,EleanorLightlySpokeswomanandCompanyHairStylistABCActivityInsurance:insureagainstoverdoingit1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelifetheauthorisleading?A.Asimple,slow-pacedlife. B.Alifeofhardworkandsecurity.C.Areligious,peasant-likelife. D.Alifeawayfrompaperandpencils.2.WhereisEleanor’slettersentto?A.HowToMagazine.B.ABCActivityInsuranceCompany.C.Stab,Grab,Grit,andNastyLawFirm.D.TheInternationalInstituteofNotDoingMuch.3.Whichofthefollowingispracticedintheauthor’scompany?A.Replacingthemanualworksystemwithmoderntechnology.B.Turningofflightsinthedaytimetosaveelectricity.C.Recyclingpaperresourceswheneverpossible.D.Buyingbirdsandpetsascompanyforthestaff.4.WhatistrueaboutMaggie?A.Sheworksasamanagerintheauthor’scompany.B.Shesometimeshelpsfertilizethelawnoutsidethesauna.C.Sheoftenhelpswithinter-officecorrespondenceusinge-mail.D.Herhandwritinghasimprovedalotafterenteringthecompany.5.Whatisthepurposeforthepersontowritethisletter?A.toshowhisdissatisfactionwiththenewenvironment.B.tocomplainaboutthebadworkingcondition.C.topersuadepeopletoliveasimplelife.D.toexpresshisgratitudeforthegoodadvice.【參考答案】1---5、ADCBD閱讀理解。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive（主管）oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes：“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（標(biāo)識）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.()1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.()2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject()3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere()4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【語篇解讀】本篇文章為說明文?，F(xiàn)在顧客購物已經(jīng)開頭考慮環(huán)保的問題。面臨顧客環(huán)保的心理需求，企業(yè)只有主動實行措施，削減排放，才會更好地贏得顧客的信任，進(jìn)而獲得更好的收益1、答案D?！窘馕觥恐髦即笠忸}。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns”及最終一段第一句可知，企業(yè)因購買者的環(huán)保意識而去減排。故選D項。2、答案A?！窘馕觥吭~義猜想題。由本段中“whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy”可知，現(xiàn)在三分之二的顧客在購物時對環(huán)境的考慮比一年前程度加深了。因此A項符合句子意思3、答案A。解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand”可以推斷出：商業(yè)會受益于減排。因此A項符合文章。4、答案C?！窘馕觥客评硗茢囝}。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers”可知，早實行行動減排的企業(yè)可以更好地吸引顧客。因此可以推斷出C項。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。體裁：記敘文話題：慈善行為時間：6分鐘BasketballprofessionalTinaCharlesgrewupunderstandingtheimportanceofeducationandofgivingbacktoothers.WhentheWNBAstarandthe2022USOlympicWomen'sBasketballteamathleteheardaboutthechancetofundaschoolinanAfricanvillage，shemadesuretotakepart.Charlesfirstcameacrosstheopportunitywhileshewasasophomoreincollege.Atthattime，shedidn'thavethefundstohelpout，butallofthatchangedwhenshewasdrafted(選派)totheWNBA.Withthehelpoftwocharitableorganizations—OmniPeaceandbuildOn—Charlesfundedtheentire32,000costoftheschool.Theschool，completedearlierthisspring，wasbuiltinthesmallvillageofGanaleinwesternAfrica.BeforeCharles'contribution，childrenlivinginthevillagewereschooledintinymudhuts.Thelackofproperlightingandofproperairflowmadeitdifficultforthestudentstolearn.Thenewschoolbuildingisnearly3,000squarefeetandcontainsthreelargeclassrooms.Itcanfitupto150studentsatatimeandisalsousedforadultliteracy(讀寫力量)classesintheevenings.Theschoolwillbeasourceoflearningforgenerationstocome.CharlesundertookthischaritableactwhileplayingprofessionalbasketballandpreparingfortheLondonOlympics.TheOlympicGamesbegintoday，July27，andCharleswillplayforateamthathaswonthegoldmedalinthelastfourOlympicGames.Thefirst-timeOlympiccompetitorconsidersherpositionintheteam，alongwith12fellowfemalebasketballplayers，a“testamenttohowhardsheworks”．WhetheritisrepresentinghercountryintheOlympicGamesorgivingbacktothecommunity，Charlesisalwaysworkinghard.“Onceyoureceive，youhavetogive，”shetoldthereporter.“IwantedtogiveothersthesameopportunitiesIhadgrowingup.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】首次參與奧運會的美國女子職業(yè)籃球運動員蒂娜·查爾斯出資32000美元，為非洲的一個村子援建了一所學(xué)校。1．Charlesdidn'thelpwiththebuildingofaschoolthefirsttimeshecameacrosstheopportunitybecause______.A．shewasbusywithherstudiesB．shecouldn'tmakethedecisionC．shedidn'thaveenoughmoneyD．shewasbusyplayingbasketball解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，在上高校期間，蒂娜就聽說了為非洲援建學(xué)校的事情，但是，當(dāng)時她沒有錢來供應(yīng)掛念。故答案為C。答案C2．Theunderlinedword“testament”inParagraph6probablymeans“______”．A．proof B．guaranteeC．investigation D．devotion解析詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第六段可知，蒂娜認(rèn)為自己在球隊里的位置是對自己努力的一個證明。由此可推斷畫線詞意為“證明”與proof同義。其他幾個詞代入原文均講不通。答案A3．Whatdothevillagersdointhenewschoolintheevening?A．WatchTVandmovies.B．Singanddancetohavefun.C．Learnhowtoreadandwrite.D．Helpchildrenwiththeirlessons.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段其次句的內(nèi)容可知，成年人晚上到新學(xué)校來學(xué)識字。故答案為C。答案C4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AnOlympianLendsaHandB．AfricanChildren'sNewLifeC．ANewSchoolforAfricanChildrenD．TheWomanOlympicCompetitor解析主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要敘述了首次參與奧運會的美國女子籃球運動員蒂娜為非洲捐款建學(xué)校的故事，因此A項作為本文的標(biāo)題最合適。答案A短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Christinewasjustagirlinoneofmyclasses.Ineverknewmuchaboutherexceptforthatshewasstrange.Shedidn’ttalkmany.Herhairwasblackandpurple,andshewornblacksportsshoesandablacksweater,althoughinthesummer.Shewas,infact,ratherattractively,andsheneverseemedcarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.Liketherestofmyclassmate,Ididn’treallywanttogetclosedtoher.ItwasonlywhenwedidtheirchemistryprojecttogetherthatIbegintounderstandwhyChristinedressedthewayshedid.【參考答案】4.試題分析：本文敘述了作者的同學(xué)Christine在大家的眼里是格外驚異的一個人，她穿著驚異的服裝，話語不多，也不在乎別人對她的看法，可就在作者與她進(jìn)行一次化學(xué)的合作項目時，才理解為什么她總是把自己裝扮成那個樣子?！拘☆}1】考查短語。句意：除了她是格外的驚異，我對她了解不多。exceptfor+名詞或代詞，不跟句子，所以應(yīng)去掉for，exceptthat+句子?！拘☆}2】考查固定短語。句意：她的話語不多。這里用來修飾動詞用much，many修飾可數(shù)名詞?！拘☆}3】考查動詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運動鞋。worn是wear的過去分詞，它的過去式是wore，這里短文敘述的是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去式?！拘☆}4】考查副詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運動鞋及黑色的毛衣，甚至實在夏天。although后跟句子，even是副詞，后可跟介詞短語。【小題5】考查形容詞。句意：她實際上很招人寵愛的。attractively是副詞；attractive是形容詞，在這里作表語?！拘☆}6】考查動詞短語。句意：她從不考慮其他的人是怎樣看她的。這里是seemedtodo好像做某事?！拘☆}7】考查名詞。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。classmate是單數(shù)；classmates是復(fù)數(shù)，由于therestof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，故用classmates?！拘☆}8】考查固定短語。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。getclosetosb接近某人。是固定短語?！拘☆}9】考查代詞。句意：就在我們在一起做化學(xué)項目時，我才真正地理解她為什么裝扮成那樣。這里their他們的；our我們的。形容詞性物主代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語we全都，所以用our?！拘☆}10】考查動詞。句意：就在我們在一起做化學(xué)項目時，我才真正地理解她為什么裝扮成那樣。依據(jù)前面的謂語動詞was與did可知這里敘述的是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去式began。考點：短文改錯。點評：文中考查了固定短語，代詞、形容詞、副詞及動詞等的用法及意義，需要考生有扎實的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問并能正確理解短文的內(nèi)容，還需要會分析簡單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)而推斷用該詞的什么形式。短文改錯共10小題每小題1分滿分10分假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線（一），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Timefliesasanarrow.I’malreadyinGrade3afterIrealizeit.ItisonlyalittlemorethansevenmonthsbeforeIgraduatedfromourschool.Atthepresent,I’mbusyreviewmylessonsinordertotakethecollegeentranceexaminations.IhopeattendBeijingUniversity,thatisconsideredtobeoneofthebest.Mostofmyclassmatearestudyingveryhardtorealizeourdreams.【參考答案】5.as–likeafter—beforegraduated—graduateatthepresent--the去掉review—reviewinghope后加tothat—whichclassmate—classmatesour–theirwell---good6.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（＾)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔\〕劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。DearEditor,I'mwritingtotellyouaboutashockedincidentthathappenedinBeijingZoointheafternoonofFeb23rd.IwasvisitingthezoothatafternoonwhileIheardbearsroaringterribly.Ihurriedtotheplacewherethebearslivedat.Isawtheblackbearbadlyinjuredandoneofthemrollonthegroundpainfully.Itwashurttooserioustomoveafoot.Thepeoplearoundwasshocked,angryand