2021高考英語天津市(三月)閱讀、完形填空自練(2)答案

2021高考英語天津市（三月）閱讀、完形填空自練（2）答案閱讀理解(2022·鷹潭市高三其次次模擬考試)Therearemanyolderpeopleintheworldandtherewillbemanymore.Alime-knownfactisthatover60percentoftheolderpeopleliveindevelopingcountries.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization，by2022therewillbe1billion，withover700millionlivingindevelopingcountries.Itisasurprisingfactthatthepopulationageingisparticularlyrapidindevelopingcountries.Forexample，ittookFrance115yearsfortheproportionofolderpeopletodoublefrom7percentto14percent.ItisestimatedtotakeChinaamere27yearstoachievethissameincrease.Whataretheimplicationsoftheseincreasednumbersofolderfolk？Oneofthebiggestworriesforgovernmentsisthatthelongerpeoplelive，themorelikelihoodthereisfordiseasesandfordisability.Attentionisbeingpaidtotheneedtokeeppeopleashealthyaspossible，includingduringoldage，tolessenthefinancialburdenonthestate.Anothersignificantproblemistheneedfortheyoungergenerationstounderstandandvaluetheolderpeopleintheirsociety.InsomeAfricancountries，certainlyinAsia，olderpeoplearerespectedandregardedastheoneswithspecialknowledge.Yettraditionsarefadingawaydaily，whichdoesnotensurethecontinuedhighregardofolderpeople.Associetychanges，attitudeswillchange.Muchneedstobedonetogetridofagediscrimination(卑視)inemployment.Life-longlearningprogramsneedtobeprovidedtoenableolderpeopletobeactivemembersinacountry’sdevelopment.Socialsecuritypoliciesneedtobeestablishedtoprovideadequateincomeprotectionforolderpeople.Bothpublicandprivateschemesarevitalinordertobuildasuitablesafetynet.Toachieveequalityinsuchmatterswilltakeconsiderabletimeandeffort.Onethingissure：thereisnotimetobelost.1．Theproportionofolderpeople________.A．isbiggerindevelopedcountriesthanindevelopingcountriesB．isone-seventhofthepopulationindevelopingcountriesC．willincreasemuchfasterinChinathaninFranceD．willbesixtypercentindevelopingcountriesby20222.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingaregovernmentsmostworriedabout?A．Thediseasesanddisabilityofolderpeople.B．Thelongerlifeandgoodhealthofpeople.C．Thelossoftaxesonolderpeople.D．Theincreasingrespectforolderpeople.3．Itisstateddirectlyinthepassagethatolderpeopleshould________.A．betreateddifferentlyindifferentculturesB．enjoyasimilarlifestyleC．beignoredassocietychangesD．bevaluedbytheyoungergenerations4．WhichofthefollowingmeasuresisNOTmentionedtosolvethepopulationageingproblem?A．Gettingridofagediscriminationinemployment.B．Ensuringadequateincomeprotectionforolderpeople.C．Providingfreehealthcareforsickolderpeople.D．Supplyinglife-longlearningprogramstoolderpeople.5．Theauthorconcludesinthelastparagraphthat________.A．governmentshavespentlotsoftimeinsolvingtheageingproblemB．populationageingisahardproblem，butitneedstobesolvedurgentlyC．peoplearetoobusytosolvethepopulationageingproblemD．muchtimeandeffortwillbelostinsolvingtheageingproblem語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文。老年人口的比例在進(jìn)展中國家猛增，這無疑會帶來很多問題，盡管這一問題很麻煩，但解決這一問題勢在必行、刻不容緩。1．解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段內(nèi)容可知，在法國，115年里老年人口的比例從7%增長到了14%，而在中國僅僅用于23年的時(shí)間就達(dá)到了這個增長幅度。因此可推知，將來中國老齡人口比例的增長速度要比法國快得多。答案：C2．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Oneofthebiggestworriesforgovernmentsisthatthelongerpeoplelive，themorelikelihoodthereisfordiseasesandfordisability.”可知，政府擔(dān)憂，人們活的壽命越長，人們的健康壓力會越大。答案：A3．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Anothersignificantproblemistheneedfortheyoungergenerations...society.”可知，年輕人應(yīng)當(dāng)理解和敬重老年人，D項(xiàng)為文章中直接陳述的觀點(diǎn)。答案：D4．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句可知，A項(xiàng)表述正確；依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段第一句可知，B項(xiàng)表述正確；依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段其次句可知，D項(xiàng)表述正確。答案：C5．解析：段落大意題。依據(jù)最終一段中“thereisnotimetobelost”可知，作者認(rèn)為，盡管人口老齡化這一問題很麻煩，但解決它已經(jīng)是刻不容緩了。答案：B閱讀理解?！緛碜愿呖己本怼縁eelingblueabouttheworld?“Cheerup，”sayssciencewriterMattRidley.“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein，anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature.”Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational，becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidenceoptimistic，becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood.Andthisiswhathe'ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbookTheRationalOptimist.Heviewsmankindasagrandenterprisethat，onthewhole，hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years.Hebackshisfindingswithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch.Here'showheexplainshisviews.1)ShoppingfuelsinventionItisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinLondonalone.Evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty，ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood，moreconvenienttransport，biggerhouses，bettercars，andofcourse，morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.Themorewespecializeandexchange，thebetteroffwe'llbe.2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher，healthier，taller，cleverer，longer-livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food，clothing，fuelandshelter—havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleprovidingonehour'slightcostsixhours'work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes'worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit'shalfsecond.3)Let'snotkillourselvesforclimatechangeMitigating(減輕)climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself.Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage，wheretheuseoffassil-fuel(化石燃料)electricityisforbiddenbywell-meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld，isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimaicchangeprovestobemild，butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain，wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanose-bleedbyputtingatourniquet(止血帶)aroundournecks.人類的進(jìn)步是無法阻擋的，是令人樂觀。在《理性的樂觀主義者》一書中，作者闡述了自己對于生活中的樂觀現(xiàn)象，并且對于購物這樣一般的日常行為所帶來的樂觀影響都做了詳盡的分析和描述。1．WhatisthethemeofRidley'smostrecentbook?A．Weaknessofhumannature. B．Concernaboutclimatechange.C．Importanceofpracticalthinking. D．Optimismabouthumanprogress.答案：D。理解推斷題。從其次段的前兩句話中，反復(fù)提到一個關(guān)鍵詞“optimistic”以及信息句“becausethatevidenceshows...”；另外，“thisiswhathe'ssetouttoprove...”一句也正好清楚的表明白作者在本書中所以闡述的正是這個話題，正是與選項(xiàng)D的說法是全都的，即：人類的進(jìn)步總是不行避開的。2．HowdoesRidleylookatshopping?A．Itencouragesthecreationofthings. B．Itresultsinshortageofgoods.C．Itdemandsmorefossilfuels. D．Itcausesapovertyproblem.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從“Shoppingfuelsinvention”一段正是反映了Ridley的觀點(diǎn)：購物能夠激發(fā)制造制造。選項(xiàng)A與之相吻合。3．Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat________.A．oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB．shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlifeC．a(chǎn)dvancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandlesD．increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。依據(jù)Brilliantadvances一段中的“Takeoneexample”一句很明顯的確定為：作者拿蠟燭與燈的比較與變化正是為了前面他所提到的看法，故與選項(xiàng)D的說法是全都的。4．Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?A．Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.B．Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.C．People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.D．Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.答案：B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一句話中的“cuttingcarboncausesrealpain”可以排解選項(xiàng)A與C的說法，由于它們大相徑庭；而依據(jù)“putting...aroundournecks”一句可以表明選項(xiàng)D中“careless”一詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，是不符合語境的。故只有選項(xiàng)B是最正確的?！?022高考英語江西省紅色六校其次次聯(lián)考】完形填空。閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。Alittlepartofmethoughtaboutgoingtoanothercheckoutline．Thisonehadtheshortest36，therewasonlyoneguyinit，buthewasina37andthereseemedtobesomedifficulties38．Westeppedinbehindhim．Atfirst,he39tobehavingdifficultygettinghisgroceriesontothecounter．Butafterawhile，Irealizedthatwhathewasactuallydoingwas40itintotwoparts．Iofferedtohelp，butheandthecheckoutladyhaditunder41．HeaskedJulieifshewouldmindputtinghis42basketaway．Thenhe43forhiswalletwhichwasinabagononesideofhischair．The44hewaspositionedandthefactheonlyhadoneusablearm45thistroublesomeforhim，soIhelpedthere．Thecheckoutoperatorcamearoundandgavehimhis46andthegoodsheneededtohavetohand．She47onebagofgroceriesoverahandleatthebackofhischair．Iofferedtogettheotherbiggerbagandhesaid，“No．48youcoulddomeafavor．TakethatbagalongtotheentranceandgiveittoAngela．"Angela，it49，wascollectingfoodforpeoplewhomight50gohungry!Ihadn’teven51herbefore.Thisguy，inspiteofthelimitations，hadboughtmorethantwiceas52shoppingasheneeded—andgiventhebiggerbagawaytohelp53people!Hedidn’tletthefactthatheneededhelp54himfrombeingahelp．Hemayhavebeenl