2021年上海市牛津版初三英語(yǔ)自招沖刺講義-定語(yǔ)從句S

自招英語(yǔ)教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號(hào)：所屬年級(jí)：初三課時(shí)數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教師：課程主題：自招語(yǔ)法——定語(yǔ)從句授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握定語(yǔ)從句概念；2.熟練關(guān)系代詞；3.正確區(qū)分that和which教學(xué)內(nèi)容MatchColumnAwithColumnBandwritedowntherightorderbelow.ColumnAColumnB總共突然更加與…相處某人總是做某事別無(wú)選擇只好做某事對(duì)…感到驚訝畢竟許多，大量的（不可數(shù)）等等、對(duì)某人生氣因…生氣年度報(bào)告生氣…的答案A.inallB.theanswertoC.anannualreportD.beangrywithsb.E.anamountofF.beamazedatG.sb.isalwaysdoingsth.H.allthemoreI.allofasuddenJ.getalongwithK.havenoalternativebuttodoL.afterallM.andsoonN.beangryatO.beinanger提問(wèn)什么是定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句及并列句的比較。Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlivesinShanghai.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlivesinShanghai.I'vegottwosisters.BothofthemareinShanghai.Famoussayings1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.3.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.4.Opportunityandluckalwaysshowsappreciationforthosewhoareboldinstruggling.5.Thosewhomakemostpeoplehappyarethehappiestintheworld.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：定語(yǔ)從句的定義【知識(shí)梳理1】a、定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示。b、定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，即，一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。c、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞。如上面例句和圖中的theteam，theman。d、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞：where,when,whye、限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1.限定性定語(yǔ)從句---是不可去掉的定語(yǔ)從句。如果沒(méi)有它，主句的意思就不完整。在這種復(fù)合句中，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。Thebook(which/that)Ineedisnotinthelibrary.我需要的那本書不在圖書館里。2.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句—-是可以去掉的定語(yǔ)從句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和從句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，從句附加說(shuō)明先行詞。LaoWang’sperformance,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.課堂練習(xí)：把下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Theplaceisveryattractive.Wevisitedtheplacelastweek.Thisisoneofthebooks.ThebookswerewrittenbyLuXun.Ourenvironmentispollutedbythewastematerial.Thewastematerialispouredintotheairandwaterbythechemicalworks.Theshipwassunktothebottomofthesea.Theshipwasattackedbythepirates.Thehousesweredestroyedintheearthquake.Thehouseswerebuiltmorethan30yearsago.【知識(shí)梳理2】關(guān)系詞的用法詞形先行詞充當(dāng)從句的關(guān)系代詞Who人主，賓，表Whom人賓Which物主，賓，That人或物主，賓，表As人或物主，賓，表Whose(=ofwhomorofwhich人或物定關(guān)系副詞When(=inetc.+which)時(shí)間詞狀Where地點(diǎn)詞狀Why=(forwhich)reason狀That在口語(yǔ)中可以替代關(guān)系副詞狀做定語(yǔ)從句口訣：三步走①找先行詞（先行詞一般是名詞和代詞）②定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分，就補(bǔ)什么成分（此成分要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所起的作用是什么，請(qǐng)看上表）③把先行詞帶入定語(yǔ)從句中，看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质鞘裁?，或搭配什么介詞【例題精講】1.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where2.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom3.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.where B.when C.which D.what4.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.which B.that C.where D.it5.Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.what B.whose C.inwhich D.withwhich【鞏固練習(xí)】填寫下表，在相應(yīng)出劃√

關(guān)系代詞指人指物subject(主語(yǔ))object(賓語(yǔ))attribute（定語(yǔ)）

That

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Which

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Whom

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whose

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√用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,fiveof______arewomen.Heistheonlyperson______Iwanttotalkto.Thebank______wasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.Mr.Smith,______isasurgeon,isnowinSwedenasavisitingscholar.Theaudience,mostof______werecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.Thegentleman____________youtoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobeathief.Isthisthereason___________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace ___________，justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneof___________isseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.【知識(shí)梳理3】表示所有格：whose(既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)<1>表示人的所有eg:Thegirlwhosefatherisamodelworkerisourmonitor.<2>表示物的所有eg:I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.<3>當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whose指物時(shí)可以用“of+which”替換；即，whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n。課堂練習(xí)1.例題講解1.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose2.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that3.Thepeople,________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomes2.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。Iwillneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogetherinthearmytenyearsago.Thehouses_________werebuiltinthe1980sareofpoorqualityandthereforewillbetorndowninthenearfuture.Theman________cameheretogiveuslessonsisaprofessorinBeijingUniversity.4.Heistheathlete______leftarmwasbrokenduringthematch.5.Thehouse________doorsandwindowsareallmadeofsteelareusedtostoredailynecessities.6.Guilinisoneofthecities_______sceneryattractsmillionsofvisitorseachyear.【知識(shí)梳理4】關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)：介詞+which（指物),不可省介詞+whom（指人),不可省介詞后不用who、that1.介詞的確定方法①根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)確定②根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定③根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意義來(lái)確定2.介詞的位置①一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前，也可放在動(dòng)詞后。②固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞一般不能提前.常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:Lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.Tips介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇,方法一是看從句謂語(yǔ)部分缺少什么介詞(習(xí)慣搭配),再則可以通過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含義來(lái)判斷,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來(lái)判斷.1.名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.2.數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞(含基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.3.代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（代詞有all、both、none、neither、either、some、any等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.4.形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.【知識(shí)梳理5】關(guān)系代詞只能用that，而不能用which的情況：1)當(dāng)先行詞被為不定代詞。如：Thereisnothing(that)Icansayaboutit.2）先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.3）先行詞被theonly或thevery修飾時(shí)。如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?4)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：ThefirstEnglishfilmthatIsawwas“OliverTwist”.WhenforeignerstalkaboutChina,thefirstthatcomestomindistheGreatWall.5）被修飾的先行詞被any,all,much,no,little,few等修飾時(shí)。如：Iaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldme.Thereisn’tmuchthatIcando.Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfiveminutes.6）先行詞既包含人又包含物時(shí)。例如：Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthattheyhadvisited.7）先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：Whichisthebookthatheboughtyesterday?Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthegame?8）先行詞在邏輯上充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.Heisnotthemanthathewas.【知識(shí)梳理9】關(guān)系代詞的省略關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）時(shí)可以省略，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略。that/whichEg:Shefinallygotthebookshewanted.(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)/Thebook,whichsheboughtlastweek,isalovestory.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)【知識(shí)梳理10】經(jīng)典易混易錯(cuò)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)與解析有些定語(yǔ)從句方面的題，如果不仔細(xì)審題、不弄清句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，就很可能把一些似是而非的東西搞混，從而降低解題的準(zhǔn)確性。要想解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就得從準(zhǔn)確理解句意和理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手。1．①Wholivesinthehouse＿＿＿windowsfacesouth？②Wholivesinthehouse＿＿＿thewindowsfacesouth？A．whoseB．whichC．ofwhichD．that2．①Isthisfactory＿＿＿youvisitedlastyear？②Isthisthefactory＿＿＿＿＿＿youvisitedlastyear？A．thatB．ofwhichC．theoneD．where3．①Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho＿＿＿French．②Johnisoneofthestudentswho＿＿＿French．A．knowB．knowsC．knowingD．known4．①WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone＿＿＿Icanaskforhelp．②WhenIhavetrouble，heistheonlyone＿＿＿Icangoforhelp．A．whomB．towhomC．whichD．towho5．①Thisistheknife＿＿＿Iusuallycutmypencil．②Thisistheknife＿＿＿Iusuallyusetocutmypencil．A．withwhichB．whichC．bywhichD．withthat6．①LastsummerhewenttoBeijing，＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ehadvisitedtwice．②LastsummerhewenttoBeijing，＿＿＿h(yuǎn)evisitedalotofplacesofinterest．A．whichB．whereC．thatD．there7．①Hestillrememberthedays＿＿＿wespenttogether．②Hestillrememberthedays＿＿＿wespentthesummerholidaystogether．A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that8．①Thereason＿＿＿h(yuǎn)egaveuswasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．②Thereason＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway．A．whyB．whichC．howD．what基礎(chǔ)題：?jiǎn)芜x1.Lucyhasmanypositivepersonalityfeatures_____makeherpopularatschool.A.where B.what C.that D.sothat2.Decreasingthegreenhouseeffect,________mayresultinglobalwarming,isacomplicatedproblemfacingthewholeworld.A.which B.that C.why D.as3.Beingfromafamily_____producedgreatactors,it’snowonderthatshequicklyfoundherwayintothespotlight.A.who B.where C.what D.which4.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012,_______thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.A.that B.onwhich C.inwhich D.which5.MoYan,manyofworkswerebasedonhisbirthplace,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature2012.A.who B.whom C.whose D.his6.Thescientistshavemadeanexhaustivestudyofthevirus________manypeoplehavebeeninfected.A.towhich B.inwhich C.withwhich D.forwhich7.AChinesebasketballteamemployedtheformerNBAsuperstarTracyMacreadythisyear,________encouragedthewholeteamandthefans.A.when B.where C.which D.what8.Itwasfromthewalletsofthesepoorpeoplethatcigarettemakersaredeterminedtomakemoneybypromotinggoods________arelabeledbytheWHOasdangeroustohealth.（崇明縣）A.where B.which C.what D.as9.“Ungelivable”issonewanEnglishwordcoinedontheInternet______isforbiddentoappearinofficialmediaordocumentsatpresent.（奉賢區(qū)）A.that B.whichC.it D.as10.Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,_____isofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.（普陀區(qū)）A.Ithinkwhich B.thatIthink C.whichIthink D.whichIthinkit11.TheCampaignofOccupyingWallStreetisareflectionofthecontradictions(矛盾)_____existinthesocietyoftheUS.（徐匯、松江、金山）A.onwhich B.thatC.where D.whose12.Aformerbillionairehasblownhisentirefortuneonsavingoldobjectsandhouses_________heisturningintoChina'slargestprivatefolkartmuseum.（閘北區(qū)）A.where B.which C.what D.how13. Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner________shehadpromisedus.A. what B. which C. that D. as 連詞詞形先行詞充當(dāng)從句的關(guān)系代詞Who人主，賓，表Whom人賓Which物主，賓，That人或物主，賓，表As人或物主，賓，表Whose(=ofwhomorofwhich人或物定關(guān)系副詞When(=inetc.+which)時(shí)間詞狀Where地點(diǎn)詞狀Why=(forwhich)reason狀That在口語(yǔ)中可以替代關(guān)系副詞狀做定語(yǔ)從句口訣：三步走①找先行詞（先行詞一般是名詞和代詞）②定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分，我們就補(bǔ)什么成分（此成分要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所起的作用是什么，請(qǐng)看上表）③把先行詞帶入定語(yǔ)從句中，看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质鞘裁?，或搭配什么介詞(一)關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which的情況1.先行詞為all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等不定代詞時(shí):2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或被theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修飾時(shí)：3.先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞（含last）修飾時(shí):4.先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)：5.先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：6.先行詞為疑問(wèn)代詞(二)關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which的情況1關(guān)系代詞前有介詞：2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中：3.先行詞本身是that:(三)關(guān)系代詞as在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as多與such或thesame連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。as也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置(四)學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致性,定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞一般應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持主謂一致。2、限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句---是不可去掉的定語(yǔ)從句。如果沒(méi)有它，主句的意思就不完整。在這種復(fù)合句中，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句—-是可以去掉的定語(yǔ)從句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和從句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，從句附加說(shuō)明先行詞。交大附中自招練習(xí)（一）一．GrammarandVocabulary25.Gatheringintheauction___________manyauctioneers,portersandbusinessmenwhenthecontentsoftheParisOperaHouse________auctionedoff.A,were,wereB,was,werebeingC,is,arebeingD,are,is26.______seeingafrighteningvisionofherself,Christinefainted,severalhourslatershewasawakenedbythePhantom’swonderfulvoice.A.InB,FromC,UponD,At27.Ontheisland,onehundredyearsago,thereonce_______amysteriousmanwhocoveredhisuglyfacewithamask.A,livedB,toliveC,livingD,havinglived28.Thisshortstoryis________thenovelThePhantomoftheOpera.A,adaptedtoB,adaptedforC,adaptedfromD,adaptedin29.WhenChristinedecidedtopulloffthemask______mostofthePhantom’sface,shewasshockedat_______shesaw.A,tocoverallB,covering,allC,covered,allD,covering,that30._____betterrolesintheopera,thePhantomtaughtChristinehowtosing,andChristineenjoyedlisteningtohisvoice,too.A,TohelphergetB.HelpinghergetC,HelpedhertogetD,Helpedherget31.ThePhantom______Christinefromthestageinfrontofthewholeaudienceandthenescapedwithherdowntohissecretroomonthelake.A,capturedB,kidnappedC,releasedD,freed32.Herecommended_______early,sothatwecanhaveenoughtimetomakeourselvescomfortable.A,toarriveB,tohavearriveC,tobearrivingD,arriving33.Thepaintinghasbeenmadetolook_____thesameasitlookedbefore.A,completelyB,entirelyC,exactlyD,wholly34.Hetookalongsomeofhispictures______gettingajobthere.A,inthehopeofB,inreturnforC,inhonorofD,forthepurposeof35.ThemodestEinstein,______withasenseofhumor,oncesaidthattheonlygifthehadwascuriosity.A.whomB,whoC,theoneD,that36._____yourpoorhealth,youmayaswell_____yourjobsoon.A.Regardlessof,notquitB,Inspiteof,toquitC,Asfaras,nottoquitD,Withregardto,quit37.Abookwithnonameonitscover______hiscuriosity,andhecouldn’t_____itatonce.A,met,buttoopenB,satisfied;,helpopeningC,raised,helpbuttoopenDaroused,helpbutopen38.Einstein_______attempttoexplaintheworkingsoftheuniverse_______todevelopmentofnuclearenergy.A,who,leadingB,whose,ledC,whom,leadingD,which,led39.AmancalledHansoncetoldEinsteinthathehadattemptedhislecture_______timesthathecould____itinmind.A,suchmany,bearB，somuch,keepC,somany,bearD,somany,learn40.Doctorshavelatelybeen______withthreelatestcasesoftheH7N9birdflu.A,presentedB,offeredC,rewardedD,awarded41.Aftertheyhadchangedtheirplaces,Hanswasledtoplatform_____hestoodwithmanyprofessorsandstudents_____him.A,which,surroundedB,where,surroundedC,which,surroundingD,where,surrounding42.Hanswasunabletomake______ofthequestion,foritwassocomplexthathehadnoidea_______ascientistwastalkingabout.A,fun,howB,use,howC,point,whatD,sense,what43.Aspecialcoursewelldesignedherecan______thestudentswithachancetoimprovetheirlanguageskillsinlearning.A,gainB,provideC,giveD,offer44.Canyouimaginehowsadshewouldfeelwhenshelostthe_____ofsight?A，energyB,strengthC,powerD,force45.Shedidn’thaveenoughmoneywithhersoshecouldonlyafford______ofapples.A,twodollar’sworthB,worthtwodollar’sC,twodollars’worthD,worthtwodollars’46.Thisseniorcitizendidnotfeelwellenoughandsuggested_______acompletemedicalexaminationforthesakeofhishealth.A,shouldbegivenB.shouldgiveC,givingD,beinggiven47.Arrivingonthescenicspot,thetourguide_____tousthatweshouldtakecareofourownstuffwhileenjoyingthebeautifulview.A,figuredoutB,pointedoutC,madeoutD,carriedout48.Wecanseewaterlilieswithroundleavesorpads_____inponds,andsomeofthemaresobigthatevenapersoncanwalkonthem.A,spreadingB,floatingC,flowingD,diving49.Seeingaboystrugglinginwater,hejumped______thisriver10meters______rescuehim.A,into,acrossB,through,wideC,over,roundD,off,over50.Longevitytrees,notevennear_______theoldesttrees,wasrecentlydiscoveredinHebeiProvince,China,butBristleconepinetreeis______theoldesttrees.A,being,ofB,tobeing,amongC,tobeing,amongD,tobeing,of51._____thegianttreesaresohuge,somehavehadholesmadeintheirbases.Theseholesarewideenoughforcarstodrivethrough.A.ForB.BecauseC,WhileD,Since52.Whynot______commonwhitejasmineonaframeoverapath,whichwillsoonhaveacoverofwhite,sweet-smellingflowers.A,growB,growingC,togrowD,tobegrowing53.Plants_____toabsorbcarbondioxide,whichisharmfultohumans,andreleaseoxygen_____alllivingthingsneedtosurvive.A,flower,whatB,frame,whichC,serve,thatD,aim,what54.ItissaidthatheisoneofthestudentswhohavegraduatedfromHarvardUniversitywithgreat____________.A,reputationsB,honorsC,longevityD,property二．ClozeTheearliestMother’sDaycelebrationscanbe__64_backtospringcelebrationsofancientGreecein_65_Rhea,theMotheroftheGods.Duringthe1600"s,Englandcelebratedaday__66__MotheringSunday".Celebratedonthe4thSundayofLent(the40dayperiodleadinguptoEaster),"MotheringSunday"honoredthemothersofEngland.DuringthistimemanyoftheEngland’spoorworkedasservantsforthewealthy.Asmostjobswerelocatedfarfromtheir__68____.theservantswouldliveatthehousesoftheiremployers.OnMotheringSundaytheservantswouldhavetheday__69_andwereencouragedtoreturnhomeandspendthedaywiththeir___70___.Aspecialcake,calledthemotheringcake,wasoftenbroughtalongtoprovideafestivetouch.AsChristianityspreadthroughoutEuropethecelebrationchangedtohonorthe"MotherChurch"-thespiritualpowerthatgavethemlifeand___71___themfromharm.OvertimethechurchfestivalblendedwiththeMotheringSundaycelebration.Peoplebeganhonoringtheirmothersaswellasthechurch.IntheUnitedStatesMother’sDaywasfirst__72__in1872byJuliaWardHowe(whowrotethewordstotheBattlehymnofthe

Republic)asadaydedicatedtopeace.Ms.Howewouldhold_73___Mother’sDaymeetingsinBoston,Masseveryear.In1907AnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,begana__74___toestablishanationalMother’sDay.Ms.Jarvispersuadedhermother’schurchinGrafton,WestVirginiatocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondanniversaryofhermother’sdeath,the2ndSundayofMay.BythenextyearMother’sDaywasalsocelebratedinPhiladelphia.Ms.Jarvisandhersupportersbegantowritetoministers,businessman,andpoliticiansintheirquesttoestablishanationalMother'sDay.Itwas__75__asby1911Mother’sDaywascelebratedinalmostevery__76___.PresidentWoodrowWilson,in1914,madethe__77__announcementproclaimingMother’sDayasanationalholidaythatwastobeheldeachyearonthe2ndSundayofMay.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother’sDayat__78____timesthroughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondSundayofMay.64.A,tracedB,runC,foundD,returned65.A,favourB,honourC,nameD,charge66.A,titledB,definedC,calledD,described67.A.CongratulationsB,HonouredC,CelebratedD,Established68.A,employedB,employeesC,officersD,workers69.A,awayB.offC,throughD,on70.A,fathersB,sistersC,mothersD,brothers71.A,stoppedB,protectedC,coveredD,affected72.A,fightB,campaignC,struggleD,battle75.A,unsuccessfulB,uselessC,successfulD,insignificant76.A,nationB,stateC,villageD,country77.A,privateB,localC,officialD,native78.A,sameB,identicalC,similarD,different三Reading(A)You’veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit;nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathySystem”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT’sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools,”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha!’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That’swhatAGNESprovides.”Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasuncomfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnotdoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonkneesandelbowslimitjoint

mobility

(機(jī)動(dòng)性).Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhigh-pitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwith

straps

(帶)attachedtoitpressesthe

spine

(脊柱),andmorestrapsattachedtotheshoesdecreasehamstringflexibility,andshortenthewearer’sstep.AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignof

anupdatedwalker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingcompanies,carcompaniesandretailgoodscompaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.“AGNESisnotthe

destiny

(天命)ofeverybody,”Coughlinsaid.“Sheisabadlybehavedladywhodidn’teatandexerciseverywell.Asecondarybenefitwe’vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlong-termhealth.”79.AGNESissupposedto_____.

A.maketheusersmorecomfortable

B.letusunderstandoldpeoplebetter

C.helpoldpeoplemovemorequickly

D.producenewtoolsfortheold-agebusiness80.The3rdparagraphmainlytellsabout_____.

A.howadvancedAGNESis

B.howAGNEShasbeendeveloped

C.howoldpeopleact

D.howAGNESworks81.Theunderlinedphrase“anupdatedwalker”mostlikelyrefersto_____.

A.anewkindofsuitthathelpspeoplerelax

B.aphysicallylimitedoldperson

C.someequipmentthathelpsoldpeoplegetaround

D.acompanywhichservesoldpeople82.Whichmightbeafactresultingfromthe“secondarybenefit”ofAGNES?

A.Youngpeoplerespectoldpeoplemore.

B.Old-ag