2024-2025學(xué)年外研社版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學(xué)年外研社版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2022秋?仁壽縣校級期末）MywifeandImovedintoourhometwoyearsago．Wehadayardwithalotof（1）．Veryoftenwhenwehaveflowers，DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks，justtoaddsome（2）tothearea．Lastsummer，IfoundatinylittleplantintheyardthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify．IknewIdidn'tplantitandDenisesaidshedidn'teither．Wedecidedtoletit（3）growinguntilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas．WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothe（4）plant，itappearedtobeasunflower．Idecidedto（5）theweeds（雜草）aroundit．AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，Inoticedsomething（6）．Thesunflowerhadnot（7）whereIsawitbegin．Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe（8）．That'swhenI（9）thatifatinylittlesunflowerdidn'tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping，wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething．Ifwe（10）ourselveslikethatlittlesunflower，wecanreachwherewe（11）togoandgetwhatweneedforgrowth．Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethe（12）toachieveourgoals．Likethesunflower，itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocksbecauseithad（13）initselfthatitwouldsucceed．Standtalllikethesunflowerandbe（14）ofwhoandwhatweare，andthentheenvironmentwillbeginto（15）us．Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals．（1）A．flowerB．insectsC．vegetablesD．rocks（2）A．waterB．fertilizerC．colorD．shape（3）A．stopB．continueC．improveD．escape（4）A．weakB．strangeC．lonelyD．pretty（5）A．collectB．tendC．removeD．watch（6）A．unusualB．wonderfulC．terribleD．valuable（7）A．passedB．startedC．leftD．died（8）A．a(chǎn)irB．topC．sunD．house（9）A．hopedB．realizedC．doubtedD．regretted（10）A．fillinB．putinC．worryaboutD．believein（11）A．forgetB．hateC．a(chǎn)imD．wait（12）A．wishB．planC．a(chǎn)bilityD．idea（13）A．faithB．energyC．virtueD．courage（14）A．a(chǎn)wareB．a(chǎn)fraidC．proudD．tired（15）A．forgiveB．supportC．upsetD．a(chǎn)ffect二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2024?湖南學(xué)業(yè)考試）Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings，too.Theycanflood，orriseovertheirbanks，makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However，floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample，afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone﹣hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition，floodwaterscancarrydisease，includinghepatitisAandcholera.However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance，someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（1）What'sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"clog"inparagraph2？A．Become.B．Pollute.C．Block.D．Develop.（2）Howdofloodshelpecosystems？A．Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B．Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C．Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D．Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.（3）What'sthemainideaofparagraph3？A．Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals.B．Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C．Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil.D．Thereasonforpeople'sappreciatingfloods.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle？A．TheManyEffectsofFlooding.B．TheSecretofFlooding.C．Floods﹣NotEverythingIsSoBad.D．Floods﹣aPartofNature.3．（2024秋?新鄭市校級期中）Asbirthorderisclearlyoneofthemanyfactorsthataffectdevelopment，weshouldpaymuchattentiontoit.Bigbrothersandsistersusuallydevelopleadershipearlyinlife，mainlybecauseoftheresponsibilitiesforyoungerchildrengiventothembytheirparents.Thedanger，expertsonfamilyandchildpsychologyreport，isthatiftheolderchildtakesthatroletoanextreme，heorshecanbecomeanoverbearingadult.Studiesofnearly300peoplehavefoundthatfirstbornsareusuallythemoststronglymotivatedtowardachievement.Thisismainlytheresultofparentalexpectations.Researchalsosuggeststhatfirstbornchildrengenerallybecomemoreconservative（保守的）thanotherchildrenbecausetheyreceivemostoftheparentalordersandrules.Usedtocaringforothers，theyaremorelikelytomovetowardsuchleadershipprofessionsasteachingandpolitics.Lesssocialandflexiblebecausetheybecomeaccustomedintheveryearlyyearstoactingalone，theymayhavedifficultymakingclosefriends.Bycontrast，theresearcherssaylaterchildrenaremorelikelytobemorerelaxedandsociablethantheeldestchildbecausetheirparentsaremorerelaxed.However，laterchildrenareoftenlessambitiousandmaybeuncomfortablemakingdecisionsforothers，andwillseekworkthatfitstheirneeds.Thismayhelpexplainwhyyoungerchildrentendtofavorthecreativefieldssuchasmusic，art，andwriting.Laterchildrenmaymakegoodsellersbecausepersuasionmayhavebeentheonlytooltheyhadtodealwitholderchildren.Youngerchildrentendtoremainforever"thebaby"enjoyabletobearound，butattimestoodependentonothers.（1）Theunderlinedword"overbearing"inthefirstparagraphmeans.A．tryingtomakeotherpeopleobeywithoutregardfortheirideasorfeelingsB．beingunabletoexpresswhatonereallyfeelsortodowhatonereallywantsC．favoringtheestablishedorderofsocietyandnotlikingchangeD．changingeasilytoadapttonewneeds，conditionsorideas（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatayoungerchildismorelikelytobeagood.A．librarianB．doctorC．writerD．teacher（3）Laterchildrenmaybecomegoodsellersbecausethey.A．feeluneasywhenmakingdecisionsforotherpeopleB．a(chǎn)reverygoodatpersuadingothersC．havegreatambitiontodevelopleadershipD．a(chǎn)remorerelaxedandsociable（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage？A．WhichIsBetter：BeingtheEldestortheYoungest？B．BirthOrderFactorinMarriageC．TheRelationbetweenBirthOrderandJobSuccessD．EffectsofBirthOrderonOne'sPersonality4．（2023秋?東臺市期末）Everytimeyourfingerstouchyourcellphone，theyleavebehindtraceofamountsofchemicals.Andeachchemicalofferscluestoyouandyouractivities.Bystudyingthem，scientistsmightbeabletopiecetogetherastoryaboutyourrecentlife，anewstudyfinds.Amolecule（分子）isagroupofatoms.Itrepresentsthesmallestamountofsomechemicals.Yourskiniscoveredinmoleculespickedupbyeverythingyoutouched.Witheachnewthingyourskincontacts，youleavebehindsomesmallshareofwhatit'dtouchedearlier.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego（UCSD）recentlystudiedsuchchemicalleftoversonthephonesof39volunteers.ThestudywasledbybiochemistAminaBouslimani.Toexplorethoseresidues（剩余物），theUCSDteamwipedthesurfaceofeachvolunteer'sphonewithacottonswab（藥簽）.Thescientistsalsoswabbedeachperson'srighthand.Thentheresearcherscomparedthechemicalsfoundoneachcellphone.Thescientistsdiscoveredasmanyofthemoleculesastheycould.Theythencomparedthosetoadatabaseofchemicals.PieterDorrestein，aUCSDpharmaceuticalchemist，hadhelpedsetupthatdatabaseafewyearsearlier，whichcontainsvarioussubstances，includingspices，caffeineandmedicines.Tracesofeverythingfromhundredstothousandsofdifferentmoleculesturneduponeachphone.Themoleculessuggestedwhathadbeeninthebody，andwhateachpersonhadhandledbeforetouchingthephone.Fromallthesemolecules，Bouslimanisays，"Wecouldtellifapersonislikelyfemale，useshigh﹣endcosmetics（化妝品），colorsherhair，drinkscoffee，prefersbeeroverwineorlikesspicyfood."Policealreadyusemolecularanalysestolookfortracesofexplosivesorillegaldrugs.Todate，Dorresteinsays，he'sneverheardofpoliceusingphoneresiduestonarrowdownbehaviourcluestosearchforasuspect.Butdetectivesmightonedayusesuchdatatotrackdownsomeonewholeftaphonebehindatacrimescene.（1）Bystudyingtheresiduesonthephone，wecanconcludeitsuser's.A．personalityB．lifestyleC．a(chǎn)ppearanceD．intelligence（2）Whatwasthefirstthingtheresearchershadtodoforthestudy？A．Comparingdifferentchemicals.B．Hiringvolunteerswithcellphones.C．Collectingdifferentkindsofphones.D．Buildingadatabasecontainingchemicals.（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheapplicationoftheresearchfinding？A．Doubtful.B．Disappointed.C．Positive.D．Uninterested.（4）Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．CellPhonesWillBeUsedinMoreFields.B．MoleculesAreUsedtoSearchforIllegalDrugs.C．YourPhoneMayBeHometoVariousChemicals.D．FingersLeaveCluesAboutYouonYourPhone.三．信息匹配（共1小題）5．（2022?南京模擬）MarsistrulyafascinatingplanetforthoseofushereonEarth.（1）ItisabouthalfasbigasEarthandisoftenreferredtoastheRedPlanetbecauseofitsredsurface.TheRedPlanethasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem﹣OlympusMons.（2）That'saboutthreetimestheheightofMountQomolangma.Marsalsohasanatmosphere，butitisverythinandmadeupmostlyofcarbondioxide.BecauseofitsthinatmosphereandgreaterdistancefromtheSun，MarsismuchcolderthanEarth.（3）TheduststormsofMarscangrowsobigthatsometimestheyblankettheentireplanetandlastformonths.ThepolesonMarsarealotlikeAntarctica，cappedbyice，butmuchofMars'siceismadefromcarbondioxide，notwater.ScientistsbelievethatstudyingMarscanhelpanswersomeofthekeyquestionsaboutourplanetEarth，oreventheuniverse.（4）Since1960，morethanhalfofallattemptedMarsmissionshavefailed.TheUSA，Russia，theEuropeanSpaceAgency，andseveralothercountrieshavelostmanyspacecraftintheirquesttoexploretheRedPlanet.Nevertheless，theywillstillcontinuetheirexplorations.ChineseexpertsareconfidentabouttheirplantoexploreMars，inspiteofthemanychallenges.ThefirstMarsunmannedspacecraftwaslaunchedfromWenchangaround2020.Butitisonlythebeginningofdeepvoyagesintoouterspace.（5）A.Itisroughly27kilometreshigh.B.MissionstoMarshaveneverbeeneasy.C.Mars，however，todayhasnoactivevolcanoes.D.Thetemperatureattheplanet'ssurfacevarieswidely.E.However，Marsdoeshaveweather，withcloudsandwinds.F.Chinawillcontinuetoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse.G.Itisoneofthefewplanetsthatwecanseewithourowneyes.四．語法填空（共1小題）6．（2023秋?揭東區(qū)期末）Withtherapidextinctionofmanywildspecies，moreandmorepeoplecometorealizethegreatimportanceofwildlifeprotection.Wehavetounderstandtheproblemin（1）newlight：weprotectourselvesthroughprotectingwildlife.Ontheonehand，anyspeciesofwildlifehelpstokeeptheecologicalbalance（生態(tài)平衡）.（2）onespeciesbecomesextinct，itwilldisappearforever.Whatismore，itwillresult（3）theextinctionofachainofwildlife，whichmayleadtounpredictabledisasters.Ontheotherhand，themodernscienceandtechnologymakes（4）possibleforustolearnmoreaboutwildlife.Bynow，scientists（5）（find）thatwildlifehasunknowngeneticcodes（遺傳密碼），whichmayturnout（6）（free）humanbeingsfromseriousdiseasesand（7）（nature）disastersinthefuture.Itisnecessaryforustoprotectwildlife（8）（immediate）beforeitistoolate，althoughmanhasalreadypollutedtheenvironmentandthreatenedthe（9）（exist）ofmanywildspecies.Let'stakeactiontoprotectwildlife.（10）（learn）toliveinharmonywithallwildlifeispartofmoderncivilization.五．翻譯題（共5小題）7．（2024?崇明區(qū)二模）毫無疑問，這個歷史小鎮(zhèn)已成為了很多游客追捧的旅游勝地。（doubt）8．（2024?徐匯區(qū)一模）與我個人的成長經(jīng)歷相比，這個西北小村莊的發(fā)展更加令人感動。（compare）9．（2024春?電白區(qū)校級期中）ItwasagoodconcertandIenjoyedthelastsong（尤其，特別）．10．（2023秋?西城區(qū)期末）以前他們經(jīng)常一起去爬山。（usedto）11．（2023秋?無錫期末）均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的生活對我們的健康至關(guān)重要。（beofvitalimportanceto）六．書面表達（共2小題）12．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thehobbyisagoodthingapersongetsfromchildhood.Itcanbedevelopedatanyage；however，it'sbesttogetitfromchildhood.Wealldosomekindofworkaccordingtoourinterestwhichcangiveushappinessandjoyandthatiscalledhobbies.Somepeoplegetdifferenthobbiesaccordingtotheirinterest，likesanddislikes.Therearemanytypesofhobbieswecandevelopsuchasdancing，singing，drawing，playingindoororoutdoorgames，birdwatching，writing，eating，reading，sports，gardening，music，watchingTV，cooking，talking.Ourhobbieshelpusinearningalivelihoodandmakingasuccessfulcareer.Thehobbyissomethingwecanfullyenjoyinourfreetime.Myhobbiesarecooking，listeningtomusicandgardening；however，Ialwaysprefergardening.Gardeningmakesmerelaxedandgivesmemorehappiness.EveryearlymorningIenjoymybloominggarden，growingplantsslowlyonadailybasis.Ialsoenjoysunriseandsunsetinmygarden.Igenerallyliketodomyschoolworkinmyevergreengarden.Iplaybadmintonwithmyfatherintheeveningandenjoytheeveningwalkwithmymom.EverydayIwatchnewplantsdevelopandwatertheplants.Ialsotryplantingnewanddecorativeplantsinmygardeninordertomakeitmorebeautiful.Myparentsalwaysencouragemetocontinueallmyhobbies.TheybecomesohappywhenItakemyproblemsinaneasywayandtrytosolvethemwithoutgettingangryandanxious.Mymomsaysthatgardeningisagoodhobby.FrommychildhoodIworkdailyinmygardenforonehourtokeepitwellmaintained.13．（2023秋?漣源市校級期末）In1989，freshoutofhighschool，Ihadthedifficulttaskofchoosingacareerpathbeforecollegestartedinthreemonths.InthosedaysinPakistan，therewerelimitedoptions：becomingadoctororanengineer，orenteringthefinancialworldaftergettingabusinessdegree.Iwasn'tinterestedinengineering，sothatIwasleftwithmedicineorbusiness.Icouldn'tdecide.Myuncle，aninfluentialpersoninthefamily，suggestedthatIdoaworkplacementtoexperienceitforamonthinaninternationalcompanyfollowedbyamonthinahospital.Afterthat，Icouldmakeadecision.Itseemedlikeabrilliantidea.Iwasacceptedforamonth'splacementataforeignbankinKarachi.Igotafeelforhowtheworldoffinancefunctioned，madenewfriends，andgenerallyenjoyedthemostlyeasy﹣goingworksurroundings.Themonthpassedrapidly，andsoonIbeganworkingataleadinghospitalinKarachi.Theexperiencecouldn'thavebeenmoredifferent.Thehospitalhadanintenseenvironment.Thedaysstartedearly（at7am，comparedto9amatthebank），andwerefilledwithendlessduties.Andthenightcalls!Thiswascrazy，workingallday，throughthenight，andagainthenextday.Ibeganthinkingaboutmytwoexperiences.Thebankhadofferedamorerelaxingatmosphere，betterworkinghoursandlessstress.Thehospitalwasfullofexcitementandunpredictability，butthestudyingandtrainingwasdifficult.Itseemedthatthebusinessoptionwasgoingtowinout.Neartheendofmymonthatthehospital，Iwasdrivinghomeafteranespeciallybusynightcall.Infrontofmewasapublicbus，withcollegestudentssittingonthetop.Asthedriverweavedthrough（穿梭）traffic，Icouldseetheboysshakingfromsidetoside.Paragraph1：Suddenly，aboyfelloffthebackofthebus._______Paragraph2：Thenextday，whenIwenttohospitaltoseetheboy，allhisfamilygotup，withgratefulsmilesontheirfaces._______

2024-2025學(xué)年外研社版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十一）參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2022秋?仁壽縣校級期末）MywifeandImovedintoourhometwoyearsago．Wehadayardwithalotof（1）D．Veryoftenwhenwehaveflowers，DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks，justtoaddsome（2）Ctothearea．Lastsummer，IfoundatinylittleplantintheyardthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify．IknewIdidn'tplantitandDenisesaidshedidn'teither．Wedecidedtoletit（3）Bgrowinguntilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas．WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothe（4）Bplant，itappearedtobeasunflower．Idecidedto（5）Ctheweeds（雜草）aroundit．AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，Inoticedsomething（6）A．Thesunflowerhadnot（7）BwhereIsawitbegin．Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe（8）C．That'swhenI（9）Bthatifatinylittlesunflowerdidn'tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping，wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething．Ifwe（10）Dourselveslikethatlittlesunflower，wecanreachwherewe（11）Ctogoandgetwhatweneedforgrowth．Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethe（12）Ctoachieveourgoals．Likethesunflower，itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocksbecauseithad（13）Ainitselfthatitwouldsucceed．Standtalllikethesunflowerandbe（14）Cofwhoandwhatweare，andthentheenvironmentwillbeginto（15）Bus．Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals．（1）A．flowerB．insectsC．vegetablesD．rocks（2）A．waterB．fertilizerC．colorD．shape（3）A．stopB．continueC．improveD．escape（4）A．weakB．strangeC．lonelyD．pretty（5）A．collectB．tendC．removeD．watch（6）A．unusualB．wonderfulC．terribleD．valuable（7）A．passedB．startedC．leftD．died（8）A．a(chǎn)irB．topC．sunD．house（9）A．hopedB．realizedC．doubtedD．regretted（10）A．fillinB．putinC．worryaboutD．believein（11）A．forgetB．hateC．a(chǎn)imD．wait（12）A．wishB．planC．a(chǎn)bilityD．idea（13）A．faithB．energyC．virtueD．courage（14）A．a(chǎn)wareB．a(chǎn)fraidC．proudD．tired（15）A．forgiveB．supportC．upsetD．a(chǎn)ffect【答案】（1）﹣（5）DCBBC（6）﹣（10）ABCBD（11）﹣（15）CCACB【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過介紹自己院子里面頑強生長的向日葵悟出一個道理：如果我們相信自己，我們可以克服一切困難?！窘獯稹浚?）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.flower花；B.insects昆蟲；C.vegetables蔬菜；D.rocks巖石。句意：我們有一個院子，院子里有很多石頭。從下一句話"DeniseorIwouldplantsomebetweentherocks"可知院子里有很多石頭。所以選D。（2）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.water水；B.fertilizer肥料；C.color顏色；D.shape形狀。句意：只是為了給這個區(qū)域增加一些顏色。種一些花朵為了給院子增添一些色彩。所以選C.（3）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.stop停止；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.improve提高；D.escape逃跑。句意：我們決定讓它繼續(xù)生長，直到我們能弄清楚它是什么。從后文"untilwecouldfindoutwhatitwas"可知作者想讓它繼續(xù)生長。所以選B。（4）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.weak虛弱的；B.strange奇怪的；C.lonely孤單的；D.pretty漂亮的。句意：幾個星期過去了，當我返回到那株奇怪的植物時，它看起來是一株向日葵。到目前為止作者還不知道它究竟是一種什么植物，所以選B。（5）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.collect收集；B.tend照顧；C.remove去除；D.watch觀察。句意：我決定清除它周圍的雜草。從下文的"AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds，"可知作者要除草。所以選C。（6）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.unusual不尋常的；B.wonderful精彩的；C.terrible可怕的；D.valuable有價值的。句意：當我把石頭從這個地區(qū)移到雜草上的時候，我注意到一些不尋常的事情。從下文可知，向日葵并沒有生長在我最開始發(fā)現(xiàn)它的位置，這件事是不尋常的。所以選A。（7）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.passed通過；B.started開始；C.left離開；D.died死。句意：向日葵并沒有在我看到它開始的地方開始生長。根據(jù)Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe8.可知向日葵并沒有生長在我最開始發(fā)現(xiàn)它的位置，start表示"開始生長"。所以選B。（8）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.air空氣；B.top頂端；C.sun陽光；D.house房子。句意：它實際上是從一塊大石頭下面開始的，在石頭下面和周圍生長，以接觸到陽光。向日葵是朝向太陽生長的。所以選C。（9）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.hoped希望；B.realized意識到；C.doubted懷疑；D.regretted后悔。句意：就在那時，我意識到，如果﹣株小小的向日葵不讓一塊大石頭擋住它成長的道路，我們也有能力做同樣的事情。以下是作者意識到的內(nèi)容，通過這件事情獲得的人生感悟。所以選B。（10）D.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.fillin填寫；B.putin放入；C.worryabout擔心；D.believein相信。句意：如果我們像那棵小向日葵一樣相信自己，我們就能達到我們的目標，得到我們成長所需要的東西。作者認為如果我們也能像這株向日葵一樣充滿信心，與下文的"Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethetoachieveourgoals，"相呼應(yīng)。所以選D。（11）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forget忘記；B.hate討厭；C.aim旨在；D.wait等待。句意：如果我們像那棵小向日葵一樣相信自己，我們就能達到我們的目標，得到我們成長所需要的東西。最后一段作者提到"Wewillfindawaytogounderoraroundany"rocks"inordertoreachourgoals."所以是達到我們的目標。所以選C。（12）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.wish希望；B.plan計劃；C.ability能力；D.idea主意。句意：我們需要相信自己，知道我們有能力實現(xiàn)我們的目標。havetheabilitytodosth.表示有能力做某事，下文"itknewithadtheabilitytogetovertherocks"有提示可知，我們有能力實現(xiàn)我們的目標。所以選C。（13）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.faith信念；B.energy能量；C.virtue美德；D.courage勇氣。句意：就像向日葵一樣，它知道自己有能力越過巖石，因為它相信自己會成功。havefaithin相信，與前文提到的"Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingwehavethetoachieveourgoals."相呼應(yīng)。所以選A。（14）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.aware意識到的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud驕傲的；D.tired疲倦的。句意：像向日葵一樣挺直腰桿，為自己感到驕傲，然后環(huán)境就會開始支持我們。像向日葵一樣挺拔，為自己而感到自豪。所以選C。（15）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forgive原諒；B.support支持；C.upset打亂；D.affect影響。句意：像向日葵一樣挺直腰桿，為自己感到驕傲，然后環(huán)境就會開始支持我們。周圍的環(huán)境和事物也會開始對我們有所幫助。所以選B?！军c評】近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化，試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬，綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格，所以，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。選擇答案時，要考慮整個句子的內(nèi)容，包括搭配、時態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后，再通讀一遍文章，檢查是否通順流暢了，用詞得當，意思正確。二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2024?湖南學(xué)業(yè)考試）Riversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings，too.Theycanflood，orriseovertheirbanks，makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However，floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample，afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone﹣hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition，floodwaterscancarrydisease，includinghepatitisAandcholera.However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance，someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（1）What'sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"clog"inparagraph2？CA．Become.B．Pollute.C．Block.D．Develop.（2）Howdofloodshelpecosystems？AA．Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B．Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C．Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D．Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.（3）What'sthemainideaofparagraph3？BA．Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals.B．Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C．Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil.D．Thereasonforpeople'sappreciatingfloods.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle？DA．TheManyEffectsofFlooding.B．TheSecretofFlooding.C．Floods﹣NotEverythingIsSoBad.D．Floods﹣aPartofNature.【答案】CABD【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作為大自然的一部分，洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)既有好處也有壞處。【解答】（1）C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks，whichmakesthewaterdirty.（洪水會從河岸上吸收泥土，從而使水變臟。）以及Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams，preventingtheriverfromflowing.（太多的泥土?xí)log河流和溪流，阻止河水流淌。）可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土?xí)氯拥?，以至于河水流淌出現(xiàn)困難。由此可推測此處的clog的意思應(yīng)該是"堵塞"。A.Become成為；B.Pollute污染；C.Block堵塞；D.Develop發(fā)展。故選C項。（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime，thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles（微粒）ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment（沉淀物）whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.（然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。洪水把營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)帶到附近的土地上。隨著時間的推移，水會干涸，留下灰塵和泥土的顆粒。這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，它可以很好地改善土壤，幫助植物生長。）可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地幫助生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A項。（3）B.段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段However，noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.（然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。）以及Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.（洪水對一些動物也很重要。）"以及"Moreover，indryseasons，watermightdryup，butfloodshelprefillthewetlands，keepingtheecosystemgoing.（此外，在旱季，水可能會干涸，但洪水有助于為濕地補充水分，保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)。）可知文章第三段主要講的是洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好處。故選B項。（4）D.標題歸納題。通讀全文可以看到文章前兩段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的益處，文章最后一段Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.（洪水是自然的一部分。它們可以破壞生物和環(huán)境。但一些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需要洪水才能生存下來。）總結(jié)全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以"洪水是大自然的一部分"作為標題最合適。故選D項。【點評】做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。3．（2024秋?新鄭市校級期中）Asbirthorderisclearlyoneofthemanyfactorsthataffectdevelopment，weshouldpaymuchattentiontoit.Bigbrothersandsistersusuallydevelopleadershipearlyinlife，mainlybecauseoftheresponsibilitiesforyoungerchildrengiventothembytheirparents.Thedanger，expertsonfamilyandchildpsychologyreport，isthatiftheolderchildtakesthatroletoanextreme，heorshecanbecomeanoverbearingadult.Studiesofnearly300peoplehavefoundthatfirstbornsareusuallythemoststronglymotivatedtowardachievement.Thisismainlytheresultofparentalexpectations.Researchalsosuggeststhatfirstbornchildrengenerallybecomemoreconservative（保守的）thanotherchildrenbecausetheyreceivemostoftheparentalordersandrules.Usedtocaringforothers，theyaremorelikelytomovetowardsuchleadershipprofessionsasteachingandpolitics.Lesssocialandflexiblebecausetheybecomeaccustomedintheveryearlyyearstoactingalone，theymayhavedifficultymakingclosefriends.Bycontrast，theresearcherssaylaterchildrenaremorelikelytobemorerelaxedandsociablethantheeldestchildbecausetheirparentsaremorerelaxed.However，laterchildrenareoftenlessambitiousandmaybeuncomfortablemakingdecisionsforothers，andwillseekworkthatfitstheirneeds.Thismayhelpexplainwhyyoungerchildrentendtofavorthecreativefieldssuchasmusic，art，andwriting.Laterchildrenmaymakegoodsellersbecausepersuasionmayhavebeentheonlytooltheyhadtodealwitholderchildren.Youngerchildrentendtoremainforever"thebaby"enjoyabletobearound，butattimestoodependentonothers.（1）Theunderlinedword"overbearing"inthefirstparagraphmeansA.A．tryingtomakeotherpeopleobeywithoutregardfortheirideasorfeelingsB．beingunabletoexpresswhatonereallyfeelsortodowhatonereallywantsC．favoringtheestablishedorderofsocietyandnotlikingchangeD．changingeasilytoadaptto