2025屆廣東省廣州市高三上學(xué)期12月調(diào)研英語試題及答案

2025屆廣州市高三12月調(diào)研考第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADecemberContest:PenDanceTherearemanywaystodance,andapencanmakeafunpartner.Forthismonth'scontest,putonsomemusicyoulike,grabapen,crayon,orpaintbrush,andletyourfingersdancebeautifulpatternsacrossthepage.Sendusyourcreativedrawing,andwe'llfilladancehallwiththemostdelightfulcreationsinanupcomingissueofFunCampus.ContestRules1.Yourcontestentrymustbeyourveryownwork.Ideasandwordsshouldnotbecopied.2.Pleasesubmitonlyoneentryperperson.3.Ifyouwantyourworkreturned,encloseaself-addressed,stampedenvelope.4.Yourentrymustbesignedbyaparentorlegalguardian,sayingit'syourownworkandthatnoonehelpedyou,andthatFunCampushaspermissiontopublishitinprintandonline.5.ForinformationontheChildren'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionAct,seethePrivacyP.6.Besuretoincludeyourname,age,andaddressonyourentry.7.Emailaphotoorscanofartworkto.EntriesmustbeemailedbyDecember30,2024.8.WewillpublishthewinningentriesinanupcomingissueofFunCampus.ThisDecember,letyourpenbecomeyourdancepartner,andletyourcreativitydanceacrossthepage.Happydrawing,andmayyourPenDancebefilledwithjoyandinspiration!21.Whatisthetaskforthecontestants?A.Todrawadancingscene.B.Towriteamusical.C.Toperforminadancehall.D.Tocreateanartwork.22.Whatisoneruleofthecontest?A.Emailsubmissionisnotallowed.C.Thesubmittedworksmustbeoriginal.B.Participantsneeddancingexperience.D.Childrenshouldworkwiththeirparents.23.Whatshouldeachparticipantsubmitalongwiththeirwork?A.Areturnenvelope.B.Theirsignature.D.TheirpersonalinformationC.Anentryintroduction.BThedistinctiveNorthermBaldIbis(禿頭朱鸚),huntednearlytoextinctionbythe17thcentury,wasbroughtbackbyraisingandrewildingeffortsoverthelasttwodecades.Butthebirdsdon'tknowwhichdirectiontoflytomigrate(遷徙)withoutwild-borneldersleadingtheway.Soateamofscientistsandconservationiststookontheroleofparentsandflightinstructors.BiologistJohannesFritzandtheWaldrappteam,anAustrianconservationgroup,havebeenteachingthebirdstheirmigrationpaths.Since2002,they'veincreasedtheCentralEuropeanpopulationfromzerotonearly300birds,changingthespecies'statusfrom"criticallyendangered"to"endangered."Topreparethemfortravel,thechicksaretakenaway,whentheyarejustafewdaysold,totheirhumanparentsinthehopeof"imprinting"-whenthebirdswillbondwiththosehumanstofinallytrustthemalongthemigrationroute.Thenthehumanparentssitonthebackofasuperlightaircraft,wavingandshoutingwordsofsupportasitfliesthroughtheair.It'sanoddscene:Theaircraftlookslikeaflyingcarwithahugefanonthebackandayellowparachutekeepingitintheair.Still,threedozenbirdsfollowitsailingovertheAlps.Fritz,inspiredby"FatherGoose"BillLishman,whotaughtgeesetoflyalongsidehisultra-lightplane,leadsthebirdsontheirmigration.Thefirstsuccessfulindependentmigrationwasin2011,andmorebirdshavefollowedthe550-kilometerrouteeachyear.Theteamhopestohaveover350birdsby2028,makingthepopulationself-sustaining.However,climatechangehasaffectedtheirmigration.Inresponse,theteampilotedanewroutetosouthernSpainin2023,whichislongerandmorechallenging.TheentirejourneytoSpaincouldtakeupto50daysandendinearlyOctober.ButFritzsays,"TheeffortisbiggerthanjusttheNorthernBaldIbises.It'saboutpavingthewayforotherthreatenedmigratoryspeciestofly."24.WhatisthemajorchallengefacedbytheNorthernBaldIbisesduringtheirmigration?A.Longdistances.C.Humanhunting.B.Absenceofguidance.D.Limitedrestingspots.25.Whyarethebirdstakenawaywhentheyarejustafewdaysold?A.Toimprovetheirflyingskills.B.Toshowthemthemigrationroute.C.Tobuildanemotionaltiewithhumans.26.Whatdotheresearchteamdoduringtheirflight?A.Theyshoutlikeelderbirds.D.Totesttheirindependencefromtheirparents.B.Theytrynewmigratoryroutes.C.Theyencouragethebirdstofollow.D.Theyuseanairplanetofindtheway.27.WhatareFritz'swordsinthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheworthoftheconservationeffortB.TheroleoftechnologyintheresearchD.ThepromisingfutureofwildlifemigrationC.TheneedtohelpothermigratoryspeciesCArmwrestling(扳手腕)wasoneofmyfavoritewaysofplayingwithmybrothersgrowingup.Itallowedmyyoungerbrotherandmetotestourstrengthwithoutgettingtackled.Ialsoputupagoodfightwhenarmwrestingwithmyolderbrotherandhisfriends.Theirgreaterstrengthandexperiencemadethechallengeevenmoreinteresting.Everymatchseemedtoendinagoodlaugh,nomatterwhowon.NowI'mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.Whenhumansandotheranimalsplay,theyarebuildingtrustwithsiblingsandfriends.Theylearnhowfartheycanpushtheirpartnersbeforeanyonebecomesangryorphysicallyhurt.That'scalled"testingboundaries.”O(jiān)lderplaymatesmayself-handicap,appearingtobelesscompetentthantheyreallyaretohelpyoungerplayerslearnskillsandexploretheirabilities.Playoffersasafespace,whereeveryoneknowstherulesandcanexperimentwithnewwaystomove,think,andrespondtoothers.Overthepast30years,I'velearnedalotaboutplaybywatchingyoungmaleelephantstesttheirstrengththroughsparring(拳擊)gameswiththeirfriendsandsuperiors.Groupsparringmatchesarecommonatsunset,whenseveraldifferentelephantfamiliesshowupatthewaterholetodrink.Aftertheinitialexcitementofthearrivalandagoodlongdrink,youngmalesslipawayfromthesidesoftheirwatchfulmomsandauntstoformsparringrings.Aneldersistermakessurethattheplayingdoesn'tgetoutofhand,sosheiseverpresentwithatrunkonthebackorovertheheadtocalmtheenthusiasm.Thatway,theyoungermalesdon'tenduponthebottomofthepile.Watchingyoungelephantssparremindsmethatplayshouldbepartofoureverydayschedule—thelessstructure,thebetter.28.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioninghis/herchildhoodexperience?A.Winningisnotthetruemeaningofplay.C.Playisessentialinchildren'sdevelopment.29.Whatbenefitofplaydoestheauthoremphasize?A.Itbringsfun.B.Childrenprefertoplaytraditionalgames.D.Armwrestlingisasafewaytoteststrength.B.Itenablesboundarybreaking.D.Itdevelopssocializingskills.C.Itsettlesconflicts.30.Howdoolderplaymateshelptheyoungertolearnduringplaytime?A.Bypretendingtobeweaker.C.Bytestingtheircompetence.B.Bywarningthemofrisks.D.Byteachingnecessaryskills.31.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheelephant'ssparringgames?A.Safeandfair.B.Notstrictlycontrolled.D.Highlycompetitive.C.Well-organized.DWeallknowcacti(仙人掌)storewater-buttosurive,theyalsoadjusttheirflowerpositionstogainmoresunlightorshade,andsomuchmore.Scientistshavebencopyingtheresilientplants'methodstohelpengineerourfuture.OneofthemostexcitingadvancementsinvolvesCopiapoa,agenusofcactiwithatleast32speciesfoundinthecoastalAtacamaDesert,thedriestnonpolardesertonEarth.Thesecacti,typicallfivetosixincheswide,canformgray-greenbushesthatspreadoutoveranareaotherwiseemptyofvegetationDocumentedbymanyscientists,Copiapoasprobablysurviveby"drinking"thesaltyfogthatsweepsinfromtheseaeverymorning,aswellasthedew-tinybitsofwater—thatformsontheirspines(尖刺)andskin.ThishasinspiredresearcherTegwenMalikfromSwanseaUniversitytothinkaboutwhetherthedew-colletingprocessmightreproducedinmetalstructures.beSpecifically,Maliktookacloselookattheone-and-a-quarter-inchspinesofCopiapoasandfoundthattheirsurfacehasaseriesoftinychannelsthatbroadenatthebase."Thiscreatesasurfaceroughnessthatenablesdewdropstomovealongthemevenagainstgravity,"shesays.Startingin2013,shesetouttore-createthatstructurebyengineeringaflatmetalreproductionofthestemsandspinesoftheCopiapoa,whichshebegantestingunderaseriesofdifferenttemperaturesandhumidities.Afterseveralyearsofexperiments—testingindoorandoutdoorconditions,andwithvariouscoolingmethods—shefinallygotittowork.In2023,Malikpublishedastudyshowingthattheirregularsurfacewas8percentmoreefficientatharvestingdewthanaflatsheetusedasabaseline.Malikimaginesdeserthomeswithwater-collectingfeaturestoprovidecleanwaterindryregions."Theeasiestwaycouldbetoplacedew-harvestingsurfacesonroofs,butyoucouldalsohavethesestructuresintentsinthedesert,"shesays."WetrulyhavehiddentreasuresintheCopiapoa,andweareonlyjustlearningsomeoftheirsecrets.”32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resilient"meaninparagraph1?A.Highlyadaptabletodifferentsoils.C.Resistanttodiseasesandharmfulinsects.33.WhatdroveTegwenMaliktostudyCopiapoas?A.Theirmetal-likesurface.B.AbletogrowquicklyandefficientlyD.CapableofsurvivingdifficultconditionsB.Theirmechanismtogatherwater.D.Theirabilitytoformwaterdrops.C.Theirtypicalappearance34.WhatwasthemainfocusofMalik'sexperimentwiththeCopiapoa?A.RecreatingaflatmetalcopyofitB.TestingifitsmetalcopywouldworkC.Seeinghowitsurvivesvariousclimates.35.HowmayMalik'smetalstructurebeapplied?A.Tosecurewatersupplyindryareas.C.Toenabledesertexplorerstotravellight.D.Findingthemostefficientcoolingmethodforit.B.Tocleansaltywaterindeserthomes.D.Toimprovewaystodiscoverhiddentreasures.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asababy,Jack'sremarkableswimmingjourneybegan.Attenmonths,healreadypractisedwithswimaids.Atsix,hewonhisfirstswimmingcompetitioninagroupforkidsten-and-under.Atseven,hestayedatthepoolfromnineinthemorningtilleighthourslater.Hismother,recognizinghisgift,tookitasherdutytoguidehim.____36____Byayoungage,Jackhadbeerrankedthenumberoneswimmerofthecountry,atitleheheldforarecord-breakingduration.____37____Heplayedskiing,tennis,soccer,andmanymore.Samwasakidwholovedtoplay,andhisparentshadnoparticularathleticambitionsforhim.Itwasnearinghisteensthathebegantofocusmoreonbasketball.____38____Inhismid-thirties,anagebywhichmanyprofessionabasketballplayersaretypicallyretired,Samwasstillinthenationalbasketballteam.TopathleteslikeJackatthepeakoftheirabilitiesdospendmoretimeonfocused,deliberatepracticethantheirpeers(同齡人).Butscientistsalsofindthatpotentialchampionstypicallydevotelesstimetodeliberatepracticeinchildhood,butmoreto"sampling"variousactivities.____39____Inaworldthatdemandspeopletospecializeearly,wefaceachallengetokeepthebenefitsofdiverseexperiencesanddelayedconcentration.There'saneedforthosewithJack'searlyfocus.____40____Peoplewhostartwithmanydifferentthingsandacceptvariousexperiences.Peoplewithrange.A.TherewasnotimetowasteB.AnditwasallgoingaccordingtoplanC.ThegrowingcomplexityoftheworldalsocallsformoreSamsD.Butitdidn'tseemtoholdbackhisdevelopmentinthelongrun.E.Inreality,theSam'spathtosuccessisfarmorecommon,yetlesstold.F.IncontrasttoJack,Samdidn'tshowsignificantsportingtalentuntillater.G.Unliketheswimmingtalent,Sam'searlyyearswerefilledwithavarietyofsports.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Reggiecouldn'thear.Althougheveryoneintownwasfondofhim,healways___41___beingtreateddifferently.ChildrenworriedtheywouldhurtReggie,andthathewouldn'theartheballbeinghitinhis___42___.Adultsactedlikehewasincapableofunderstandingthem.Reggiedidn'tlikeit,buthisfriendMichaelhateditmoreanddecidedthingshadtobe___43___HeproposedtheDayofSilence:inhonourofReggie,theyshouldsetasideonedayfor___44___people,wheneveryonewouldhavetowearearplugs(耳塞).Peoplelikedthe___45___.Whenthedayarrivedeveryonestuckplugsintheirears,inaspiritofgreat___46___.Thatmorningwasfilledwithjokesandlaughter.But,asthehourspassed,peoplebecameawareofhow___47___lifewaswhenonecouldn'thearanything.However,thatwasnothingcomparedtothegreatest___48___oftheday:Reggiewasamazing!Justusinghis___49___bodylanguage,hewasthebesttocommunicatewitheveryone.PeoplepaidmoreattentiontowhatReggiewassaying,andwere___50___byhisintelligence.TheyrealizedallReggieneededwasalittlemore___51___toenablecommunication.Thatwastheonly___52___.SoontheDayofSilence,Reggie'strue___53___becameknown.Andeveryonerealisedyouhavetogivepeopleachancetoshowhow___54___theyare.Theyalsolearnthatyoucouldn'theartheslightestthinguntilyoutruly___55___41.A.endedup42.A.presence43.A.explained44.A.special45.A.ruleB.insistedonB.turnC.feltsickofC.directionC.assessedC.silentD.putupwithD.powerB.balancedB.deafD.changedD.kindB.gameC.ideaD.solutionD.love46.A.funB.supportB.meaninglessB.discoveryB.randomB.surprisedB.helpC.respectC.boring47.A.dangerous48.A.understanding49.A.usualD.difficultD.entertainmentD.attractiveD.amusedD.freedomD.problemD.interestD.humorousD.listenC.challengeC.creativeC.confusedC.patienceC.promiseC.nature50.A.touched51.A.practice52.A.wishB.differenceB.goal53.A.role54.A.valuable55.A.agreeB.helpfulB.believeC.positiveC.think第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Forcenturies,ChinesepoetshavecaughttheamazingbeautyoftheFuchunRiverinHangzhouthroughsimplebutpoeticwords.ThisJuly,poetsfromtheBRICScountries(金磚國家)followedthesamepathandengagedin___56___impromptu(即興的)poetryeventinspiredbytheriver.TheircreationswerecollectedinMessengersfromtheVernalWood,which___57___(release)inGermanyonOctober18,2024.___58___(edit)LiShaojunsaidpoetryisauniversallanguageexpressingsharedhumanemotions."TheBRICScountriesallhaveasplendidhistory,andthroughthiscommonlanguage,wecangreatlyimprovecommunicationandexchange,___59___(connect)moreBRICSpoets,"hesaid.Talkingabouthisjourneytothepoetryfestival,BrazilianpoetThiagoMoraessaidhewasstillexcitedtovisitacountry___60___(total)differentfromhisown.Tohissurprise,MoraesfouncsomesimilaritieswiththeChinesepoetfriendsintheirlovefornatureanda___61___(fond)forexpressingtheirinnerworlds___62___landscape.Heemphasizedthatpoetrykeepspeoplehumble,openanddiverse.“Wepoetsshouldgatheroureffortstomakea___63___(good)world,”headded.EthiopianpoetSeifeTemam,impressedbyTangpoetLiBai,___64___(pen)aromanticline:IamachildoftheNile,___65___IamdrawntotheFuchunRiver.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，外教Ryan打算使用AI技術(shù)輔助英語作文批改，并向同學(xué)們征詢意見。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.你的看法；2.你的建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearRyan,Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Susanhadasecret:shelovedrobots.Shehadhelpedherdadinhisworkshopandknewalotaboutmotors,butherfriendsdidn'tknowthis.Oneday,sheheardAlexandJacobtalkingabouttheirrobot,Robbie.TheywerepreparingforabigcompetitionbutRobbiewasn'tworkingproperly.Susanwassurprisedbytheircourage,astheyalwaysseemedunpopularamongtheboys.Shefeltbadforthemandwantedtohelp.Ontheschoolbushome,SusansatbehindAlexandJacob,whowerestilltryingtofixtheirrobot."Thisisimpossible!Thelegsmovebeforeyoupresstheswitchandstopafteryoupresstheswitch!"Alexsaid,lookingatRobbie'slegs,whichwerenotmovingright."Thecompetitionisonlyeightdaysaway!"Jacoblookedsad.Hethoughttheyweregoingtolose."Umm,howdidyouconnectthewiresfromtheswitch?"Susanaskedquietlyovertheirshoulders.Alexturnedandgaveheracautiouslook.Susansmiledandasked,"DidyouconnecttheNOwireortheNCwiretothemotor?"TheboysstaredatherasifshehadjustlandedfromMars.Susangentlytooktherobotandpointedoutthewireconnectedtothemotor."Here'stheproblem!".SheexplainedthatitwastheNCwire.Itmeansthecircuit()isNormallyClosed.ShethenpulledaloosewireoutoftherobotandexplainedthatitwastheNOwire,whichmeansNormallyOpen.“Ifyouconnectthiswireinstead,Robbiewillwalkwhenyoupresstheswitch.”SusanhandedtherobotbacktoAlex,whowasstaringatherwithhismouthopen.“Changethewiresandsee,”shesaidbeforegettingoffthebus.Tenminuteslater,herphonerang.ItwasJacob:“Yourideaworked,andwe'rewonderingifyoucouldcomeoverandhelpimproveourRobbie.”Susansmiled.Sheknewshehadmadetherightchoice.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1.Afterdinner,SusanwalkedcheerfullytoJacob'shouse_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2.Finally,thecompetitiondaycame,andthenewteamwasready._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2025屆高三部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)12月聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)英語試題參考答案及多維細(xì)目表第一部分聽力1-5BAABC第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)6-10CBAAB24-27CDDB11-15CABAC16-20CCABC21-23CAA28-31ADCC32-35ABBD【A篇大意】本文是一篇介紹性說明文。文章列舉了在全球物價(jià)普遍上漲的背景下，生活成本相對(duì)較低，卻擁有完善便利設(shè)施的三個(gè)大城市：葡萄牙的里斯本、加拿大的多倫多和日本的東京，并為有意前往的旅行者提供了實(shí)用的旅行推薦。21.C【解析】節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“TheRomanTheatreMuseumgivesaglimpseintothecity’sRomanpast,withpreservedtheatreruins.theRomanTheatreMuseum，游客可以對(duì)羅馬這座城市的歷史有所了解。22.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“MercedesZachrecommendsexploringthebohemianBairroAltoneighbourhoodtouncoverstreetart,cityviewsandsunsetgatheringswithlocals.”以及第四段第二句中的“publicartdisplaysatthenewlydevelopedAzabudaiHillsneighbourhoodforfree和第三句中的“whichoffersaviewofthecityfrom250mabovesealevelforjust2,000yen欣賞城市景觀，又可以感受藝術(shù)魅力。23.A【解析】主旨大意題。本文旨在列舉目前在全球范圍內(nèi)，生活成本相對(duì)較低，同時(shí)擁有完善便利設(shè)施的三個(gè)大城市供旅行者參考，并為旅行者提供了實(shí)用的旅行推薦。【B篇大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AdamsCassinga從難民到野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)者，創(chuàng)立“保護(hù)剛果”組織，通過臥底調(diào)查打擊非法狩獵和野生動(dòng)物交易，致力于保護(hù)剛果的自然環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)物。24.C“InJohannesburg,AdamslearnttosurviveonthestreetswhileteachinghimselfEnglishinpubliclibraries.Adams書館自學(xué)英語。因此，可推斷出他剛到南非時(shí)面臨著語言障礙。25.D【解析】節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句和第二句可知，Adams在飛往剛果東北部的一個(gè)金礦時(shí)，看到了采礦作業(yè)對(duì)茂密森林景觀的破壞，于是開始思考保護(hù)國家野生動(dòng)植物的重要性。因此，采礦導(dǎo)致的森林破壞促使Adams走上了保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物之路。26.D“Theyneedtounderstandthereasonbehindwhatwedo.Wehavetotransformthemintonaturelovers.Theycanonlyprotectwhattheyknowandlove...可知，Adams與警察合作的目標(biāo)是盡力改變他們對(duì)自然的態(tài)度，讓他們成為自然愛好者，從而更積極地參與保護(hù)工作。27.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章描述了AdamsCassinga作為野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)者的經(jīng)歷，他經(jīng)歷了多種身份的轉(zhuǎn)變，最終致力于保護(hù)剛果的自然環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)物。他創(chuàng)立“保護(hù)剛果”組織，通過臥底調(diào)查打擊非法狩獵和野生動(dòng)物交易，并與警方、國家公園等多方合作，積極展開保護(hù)工作。這表明Adams是一個(gè)積極行動(dòng)、意志堅(jiān)定盡心盡力投入保護(hù)行動(dòng)的人。【C篇大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了腦力疲意是什么，腦力或老產(chǎn)生時(shí)大腦皮層里會(huì)發(fā)生哪些變化，以及應(yīng)該采取哪些措施來應(yīng)對(duì)腦力疲意。28.A“Influentialtheoriessuggestedthatfatigueisasortofillusioncookedupbythebraintomakeusstopwhateverwearedoingandturntoamoregratifyingactivity憊時(shí)，大腦會(huì)讓我們停下手里的工作，轉(zhuǎn)向“輕松的”活動(dòng)。29.D“Thoseinthatgroupalsoexhibitedintheirchoicesachangetowardoptionsproposingrewardsatshortdelaywithminimaleffort.以最小努力在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的選擇。30.C“Togetherwithearlierevidence,thescientistssayitsupportsthehypothesisthatglutamateaccumulationmakesfurtheractivationoftheprefrontalcortexmorecostly.Suchthatcognitivecontrolismoredifficultafteramentallytoughworkday.皮質(zhì)進(jìn)一步激活的成本更高（更費(fèi)力），因此在腦力緊張的工作日之后，認(rèn)知控制變得更加困難。因此，可推知谷氨酸的積累標(biāo)志著大腦正在耗盡精神能量。31.CPessiglione所說的“Iwouldemploygoodoldrecipes:restandsleep!Thereisgoodevidencethatglutamateisremovedfromthebrainduringsleep.Pessiglione建議那些不堪腦力要求高的任務(wù)的人要合理安排休息時(shí)間?！綝篇大意】本文是一篇說明文，確認(rèn)偏見是指人們傾向于尋找支持自身信念的信息，進(jìn)而影響判斷與決策。為了克服確認(rèn)偏見，應(yīng)使信息來源多樣化并主動(dòng)質(zhì)疑假設(shè)，提升理解和判斷能力。32.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Anotherreasonwhypeopleshowconfirmationbiasistoprotecttheirself-worth.”可知，人們是為了保護(hù)自己的自尊而呈現(xiàn)出確認(rèn)偏見。33.B“peoplewereabletogenerateandremembermorereasonssupportingtheirsideofacontroversialissuethantheopposingside可知，人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)復(fù)雜問題的時(shí)候，會(huì)偏向那些支持他們立場(chǎng)的信息而不是與他們的立場(chǎng)相對(duì)立的信息。34.B“Ifanewroommateisexpectedtobefriendlyandoutgoing,Mariamayaskherifshelikestogotopartiesratherthanaskingifsheoftenstudiesinthelibrary.”來進(jìn)行說明。因此，作者是運(yùn)用舉例的寫作手法來解釋說明人際溝通中的確認(rèn)偏見。35.D【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章5個(gè)自然段從概念、原因、表現(xiàn)、影響以及如何避免的角度，幫助讀者深刻理解確認(rèn)偏見并提出了克服它的策略。第二節(jié)36-40DAFBG【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了愛好的重要性及其對(duì)健康、幸福和長壽的積極影響，糾正了關(guān)于愛好的常見誤解，并呼吁人們重視愛好帶來的益處。36.D【解析】本空位于段中。前文提到一種“普遍且有害的誤解”，即認(rèn)為從事愛好的活動(dòng)反映了缺乏自律，面后文直接否定這種觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)愛好對(duì)生活平衡和提升整體幸福感的重要作用。因此，D項(xiàng)“事實(shí)并非如此”承上啟下，符合語境。37.A【解析】本空位于段中，前文提到“定期參與愛好的活動(dòng)通常能提升健康水平”，后文通過引用研究結(jié)果具體闡述這一觀點(diǎn)。因此，A項(xiàng)“科學(xué)支持這一點(diǎn)”作為過渡句，強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的科學(xué)依據(jù)，符合語境。38.F【解析】本空位于段中，前文提到一項(xiàng)研究表明愛好與健康之間的關(guān)系，后文進(jìn)一步展開了該研究的F引出了后文的具體數(shù)據(jù)，銜接前后文，符合語境，且空后的“it”指代的是F項(xiàng)中的“adifferentstudy”.39.B【解析】本空位于段首，為本段的主旨句。本段主要論述愛好對(duì)心理健康的積極作用，特別提到幸福感的提升和焦慮的減少。因此，B項(xiàng)“愛好讓我們更快樂”概括了本段主旨，符合語境。40.G【解析】本空位于段中，前文提到“人類需要意義感”，而后文強(qiáng)調(diào)從事自己喜歡的活動(dòng)可以顯著提升幸福感。因此，G項(xiàng)“能夠追求你所熱愛的確實(shí)有助于那一點(diǎn)”呼應(yīng)前后文，語義連貫，符合語境。第三部分語言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)41-45CADBC46-50BBAAC51-55ADBDA【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是美國郵局的郵遞員Snyder給新來的培訓(xùn)生分享送件時(shí)遺遇狗貼紙”，來提醒郵遞員注意惡犬，41.C【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)前文中的“seasonedmailcarrier”可知，Snyder在給新來的培訓(xùn)生（trainee）做經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享。42.A【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)后文提到的2024年4月發(fā)生的被惡狗撕咬的故事可知，這里Snyder是結(jié)合個(gè)人經(jīng)歷（experience）來講述的。43.D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，Snyder是走向（approach）大門，獲得郵件的簽名。44.B【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示她還沒來得及（before）反應(yīng)。45.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后文中的“butitwastoolate”可知，她嘗試（attempt）去保護(hù)自己，但沒有成功。attempttodosth.嘗試去做某事，managetodosth.設(shè)法成功做成某事。46.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示狗撕咬她的手，tear...open將……撕開；spear用尖物刺穿。47.B【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，此處表示這不是第一次或最后一次與惡狗的對(duì)峙(encounter).48.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示另一只狗把她堵在門廊。corner將……逼入死角；使……走投無路。49.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示此事件促使動(dòng)物控制部門去調(diào)查狗主人。urgesb.todosth.鼓動(dòng)／敦促某人做某事；empowersb，todosth.給某人權(quán)力去做某事，增加（某人的）自主權(quán)。50.C【解析】考查名詞，根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示美國郵局采取措施保護(hù)郵遞員。takemeasurestodosth，采取措施做某事。51.A2023年發(fā)生的惡性事件達(dá)5,800的。farfromunique某事物并不是唯一的，并不獨(dú)特。52.D“orangeyellowcolor（用顏料、彩色筆等）為······著色。53.Bsignal54.Dintention工作人員和其他送貨員保持警惕，特別（especially)是在對(duì)郵遞員有不良反應(yīng)的狗的周圍。55.A【解析】考查副詞。解析見第54題。第二節(jié)【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了位于中國南京的四方美術(shù)館。該美術(shù)館展示了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，建筑與自然融合，注重個(gè)體體驗(yàn)的突出特色。文章同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)了它的開發(fā)商陸軍投資興建宏偉藝術(shù)空間來推動(dòng)中國文化繁榮。56.developerLuJun商”。故填developer。57.functional【解析】考查形容詞。分析句子成分可知，空處修飾spaces作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。故填functional。58.isformed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用謂語動(dòng)詞，且主語themuseum和form為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填isformed。59.winding【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作passage的定語，表示“蜿蜒的”，且前后為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填winding.60.suspended【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，空處已有謂語動(dòng)詞unwraps，所以此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幮揎椕~theuppergallery，表示“此建筑懸掛在空中”，空處所填詞表示狀態(tài)。故填suspended。61.from【解析】考查介詞。分析句意可知，此處表示院子是由從南京城里的舊院子回收的老胡同的磚塊鋪就而成。from表示“來自”。故填from.62.gives【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與空前的matches為并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，所填詞形式應(yīng)一致。故填gives.63.tobeexperienced定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語。故填tobeexperienced.64.but“visitorscannotonlyexperiencecontemporaryarchitecturalspacesandartworks”可知，空處是與notonly相搭配的連詞but，故填but。65.a【解析】考查冠詞，分析句子成分及句意可知，空處需要用不定冠詞來修飾后面的名詞boom國的富人們?cè)谕顿Y推動(dòng)文化第榮。故填a.第四部分寫作第一節(jié)一、評(píng)分原則1.本題總分為15分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。2.評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3.詞數(shù)少于60詞或多于100詞的，從總分中減去2分，4.評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性、語言的得體性及應(yīng)用文體裁格式。5.拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。6.如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求第五檔（13-15分）1.完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。3.應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。4.語法或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。5.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔（10-12分）1.完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉一兩個(gè)次要點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是嘗試較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。5.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔（7-9分）1.基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面基本能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。5.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。6.整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔（4-6分）1.未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單詞，詞匯知識(shí)有限。4.有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。6.信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。第一檔（1-3分）1.未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯知識(shí)很有限。4.較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。6.信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。不得分（0分）未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息：內(nèi)容太少，無法評(píng)判。所寫內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。說明：1.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)。2.應(yīng)緊扣主題，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。Onepossibleversion:Dearteachersandfriends,Iamhonoredtoreceivefirstprizeinthiscompetition.Myartwork,WhispersofBamboo,isatraditionalChineseinkwashpaintingthatfeaturesbamboo,symbolizingresilienceandstrengthinChineseculture.Throughdelicatebrushstrokesandshadesofgreenandblack,Iaimedtocapturebamboo’sbeautyandvitalityinanaturalsetting,withlightandshadowaddingasenseofserenity.Winningthisawardmeansalottome,asitreflectsnotonlymyartbutalsothesupportfrommyteachersandclassmates.Iamgratefulforthechancetosharemycultureandlearnfromyouall.Thankyou!第二節(jié)一、評(píng)分原則1.本題總分25分，按以下5個(gè)檔次給分。2.評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3.評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度；內(nèi)容的豐富性和創(chuàng)新性；應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性；上下文的連貫性。4.詞數(shù)少于130的或者多于170的，從總分中減去2分。5.拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。6.如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。二、各檔次的給分范圍和要求第五檔（21-25分）1.與所給短文融洽度高，與所提供各段落開頭語銜接合理。2.內(nèi)容豐富。3.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所續(xù)寫短文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，表達(dá)合理。第四檔（16-20分）1.與所給短文融洽度較高，與段落開頭銜接較為合理。2.內(nèi)容比較豐富。3.比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所續(xù)寫短文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，表達(dá)合理。第三檔（11-15分）1.與所給短文關(guān)系較為密切，與段落開頭有一定程度的銜接。2.寫出了若干有關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。表達(dá)基本合理。第二檔（6-10分）1.與所給短文有一定的關(guān)系，與段落開頭有一定程度的銜接。2.寫出了一些有關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.較少使用語句間連接成分，全文內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。表達(dá)不夠合理。第一檔（1-5分）1.與段落開頭語銜接較差。2.寫出內(nèi)容太少。3.全文內(nèi)容不連貫，表達(dá)不合理。不得分（0分）白卷；內(nèi)容太少，無法判斷或所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)。Onepossibleversion:Withahintofhurtandsurpriseinhiseyes,Jackgentlyapproachedme.Heplacedahandonmyshoulder,askedmeagainwhathadhappened.ItookoutmytestpaperandtoldhimthatIwouldnevermatchuptohiminachokedvoice.Jack’ssmilegrewwarmer,andhegavemyshoulderareassuringsqueeze.“Youdon’thavetomeasureuptoanyoneandyourworthisn’tdefinedbygradesorachievements.You’remorethanjustanumberonatest,Rememberthatbeyourself;everyoneelseisalreadytaken.”Hiswordswerelikeawarmbreeze,blowingmydepressionawayandchangingmymindset.Iwasstillengagedinendlesstasksanddeadlines,butInolongerfeltconstrainedbymybrother’sshadow.Realizingthatcomparisonisthethiefofjoy,Istroveforexcellenceinsteadofperfection,whichisoftenunat