高一須掌握的非謂語動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)(完美版)

非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)不定式（to+do）主語表語不定式賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語定語狀語主語：TostudyEnglishwellisdifficult.=ItisdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it做形式主語如要說明動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則有兩種情況：It后形容詞為easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,impossible,important等修飾todo這個(gè)動(dòng)作的或詞組agreatday,agreatthing,apity等。Itis+形容詞+forsb+不定式短語。Itisrightforrichpeopletohelppoorpeople.如果表語是kind,nice,clever,wise,foolish,careless等描述動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的性格品質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí),則句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis+形容詞+ofsb.+不定式短語。It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.表語：Hisjobistocleantheclassroom.賓語：下列動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式做賓語：agree;choose;fail;intend;learn;manage;offer;plan;pretend;promise;prefer;refuse;．want,arrange,,hesitate(猶豫),determine,decide,attempt,hope,wish,expect,,long,hate等。④賓補(bǔ)：下列這些詞后常跟todo補(bǔ)足語：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,persuade,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite，allow,advise,call,enable,get,have(有）,invite,teach,有些動(dòng)詞與不帶to的不定式連用（但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to）一感(feel)二聽(hear,listento)三讓(let,have,make)四觀看(see,observe,watch,lookat)⑤定語⑥狀語表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、獨(dú)立成分等不定式的形式

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞主語表語動(dòng)名詞賓語定語主語：Learnnewwordsisveryimportantforme.特殊用法:用it做形式主語Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.用動(dòng)名詞的句型：It+is+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間Itisnogood/usedoing做……是沒用處的Thereisnousedoing干……沒有用Thereisnodoing做…是不可能的Thereisnosense(in)doing做……沒有道理Thereisnopoint(in)doing干……無意義itisfundoing做…是高興的havedifficulty\trouble\problem\funindoinghaveagoodtime\ahardtime+(in)doing.bebusydoingondoingthereis/wasnoneedtodo做….沒必要表語：Hishobbyispainting.③定語置于名詞前，說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)以及用途，具有名詞性質(zhì)。aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking賓語1、只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞和詞組advise,admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,keep,permit,practise,risk,suggest,beworthdoing,feellike,setabout,giveupdevote…todoing,lookforwardto,insiston,2、接不定式和動(dòng)名詞做賓語有區(qū)別的短語goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事goontodo接著做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下來開始做別的事rememberdoing記著做過了某事remembertodo記著要去做某事forgetdoing忘記做過某事forgettodo忘記要去做某事regretdoing后悔做過某事regrettosay/tell/announce/inform對(duì)即將要做的事表示遺憾trydoing試著做某事trytodo努力做某事meandoing意味著meantodo打算做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodo被用來做某事like/love/hatedoing經(jīng)常的行為like/love/hatetodo具體的一次行為3、AFu'sCap（阿福的帽子）阿福的帽子，代表七動(dòng)詞，賓補(bǔ)不定式，賓語動(dòng)名詞advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,+doingallow,permit+sbtodoWedon'tallowsmokinghere．Wedon‘tallowanybodytosmokehere4、某物需要被做need/require/want/deserve(值得)+doing/tobedoneThewindowneeds／requires／wantscleaning／tobecleaned．動(dòng)名詞形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)同動(dòng)名詞過去分詞一般只有一種形式：done1、作表語(與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別）2、作賓補(bǔ)（能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞）現(xiàn)在分詞3、作定語（與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別）4、作狀語1、作主語2、作表語(與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）3、作賓語（能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)名詞4、作定語（與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別）①作表語1）動(dòng)名詞Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.②做賓補(bǔ)：能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動(dòng)詞：lookat、see、watch