非謂語動詞講義-高三上學(xué)期英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項

第二：就是改變不作謂語動詞的其它動詞的形式，即將其它第二：就是改變不作謂語動詞的其它動詞的形式，即將其它例如：瞧，站著的那個男生是我的哥哥。(1)用添加從句的方式即：Look,theboywhois形:Look,theboystandingthere(單個非謂語動詞作定語前置，如是非謂語動一、非謂語動詞的分類、構(gòu)成與功能一覽表（非謂語動詞不作句子謂語，但本身保留動詞的特征）*非謂語動詞（非限定動詞）NonFiniteVerbs*動詞分兩種：一、謂語動詞；二、非謂語動詞。英語是一門非常重形合的語言，講究句式結(jié)構(gòu)的完整。一個完整的句子真正應(yīng)該totodotobetobedonenot/nevertodoadj.(forsb)todosth.具有名詞、副詞和形容詞的作用，在句中作主語、定等動詞后作賓補時不帶to)tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoingdoingdoingbeingdonenot/neverdoingsb’sdoing具有名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、定語、表語3.1現(xiàn)在分詞havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone具有副詞、形容詞的作用，在句中作定語、表語、狀語、賓補(常用在see,find,feel,keep,get,have等動詞之后)donedonenot/neverdone二、分析非謂語動詞或短語在句中的所作的成分。成分例句VingVed主語Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Seeingisbelieving.（動名詞）賓語Learntowalkbeforeyourun.IenjoylearningEnglish.Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.表語Herdreamistobeateacher.Herjobwaswashingclothes.（動名詞）Thenewsisveryexciting.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thewindowisbroken.定語Ihaveameetingtoattend.Heisthefirsttogethere.Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?（動名詞，表“供...之用”；apoolforswimming）Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.（現(xiàn)在分詞，“...的”；Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteaboilingwater（正在開的水表進行）OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.（表被動）boiledwater(已經(jīng)燒開的水)狀語Theywereverysadtohearthenews.（表原因）Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.（表目的）Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.（表結(jié)果）Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.（表程度）(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表時間）BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表原因）Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表方式）(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表條件）Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表結(jié)果）Hewentswimmingtheotherday.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表目的）Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.（現(xiàn)在分詞，表讓步）Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.（表原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.（表時間）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.（表讓步）賓補Isawhim(to)crosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.(現(xiàn)在分詞）Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.（過分，伴/時間狀）獨立（主格）結(jié)構(gòu)Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead現(xiàn)分，時狀）Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.（現(xiàn)分，伴狀）（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語，有主謂關(guān)系，即獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.（現(xiàn)在分詞并不表示主語的動作，不存在邏輯主語必須和句子主語一致的問題，只表示說話人的態(tài)度，即獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）常考的非謂語形式在句中所主被動與時態(tài)對應(yīng)?？嫉姆侵^語形式在句中所主被動與時態(tài)對應(yīng)todo主動/一般將來tobedone被動/一般將來時doing主動/正在進行beingdone被動/正在進行havingdone主動/非謂語動作先于謂語動作havingbeendone被動/非謂語動作先于謂語動作done被動/完成對于非謂語的固定搭配，應(yīng)按照搭配直接選用非謂語考點總結(jié)1.Todo形式作主語一般看固定搭配:(It)isadj./序數(shù)詞todosth.;whwords+todo；或者從意義判斷，表目的，可用Todo形式。2.Ving作主語是通則，動詞放句首作主語，基本填Ving形式。固定搭配：It'snouse(good/fun)doingsth./It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.3.todo/Ving作賓語（動名）或作賓補（現(xiàn)分）通?？垂潭ù钆洹?.Todo/Ving/Ved形式作句子的其它成分，基本就首先判斷：邏輯主語與非謂語動詞的主謂關(guān)系，是主動則Ving，是被動則Ved；其次考慮：非謂語動詞與句子謂語的時間關(guān)系，如非謂語動詞形式表示正在做/同時做/一直做用Ving，表做過了用Ved，表還未做用todo；最后：非謂語動詞完成式強調(diào)2個過去的動作，一先一后，非謂語動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前。.三、關(guān)于非謂語動詞考點的解題步驟Todo：表目的與將來Ving：表進行與主動Ve1.Davidthreatened__(report)hisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly___(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.3.Theman__(give)alectureinthehallatthemomentisafamousscholar.4.Istillremember___(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.5.Thousandsofholidaymakersremained___(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.6.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone___(call)forhelp?7.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready(lay)foramealtobecooked.8.Iknownothingabouttheexperiment__(conduct)now.9.Your_(e)tohelpisagreatencouragementtome.10.It'sessential__(know)allthefacts.情況常用動詞只接不定式作賓語的動詞或短語hope,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen,advicewouldlike,takesteps/measures/actions,makeupone’smind,tryone’sbest,makeeffortsto只接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,avoid,risk,resist,considerfeellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto,adaptto兩者都可以意義基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)need,want,allow,require(接動名詞主動形式是表示被動意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式)sthneedtobedone/doing意義相反stoptodo停止做手中的事，去做另外一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regrettodo(指動作尚未發(fā)生)；remember/forget/regretdoing(指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)goontodo(接著做另外一件事)goondoing(接著做同一件事)trytodo(設(shè)法；努力去做)trydoing(試著做)meantodo(打算做；企圖做)meandoing(意思是；意味著)can’thelp(to)do(不能幫忙做)can’thelpdoing忍不住/禁不住要做類別常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage(接帶to的不定式)主謂關(guān)系；強調(diào)動作將發(fā)生Iaskyoutogoout.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make,observe,listento(接不帶to的不定式)主謂關(guān)系；強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成Iheardhimcallme.現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel,observe,catch(即感官動詞和使役動詞)主謂關(guān)系；強調(diào)動作正在進行，尚未完成過去分詞動賓關(guān)系；動作已經(jīng)完成，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)Wehaveitcleaned.六、附件（作賓語的非謂語動詞形式固定搭配）achetodosth渴望做某事daretodosth敢于做某事hopetodosth希望做某事refusetodosth拒絕做某事affordtodosth擔(dān)負(fù)得起做某事（實義動詞）（切記無“hopesb.todosth.”的用法）seektodo試圖做某事agreetodosth同意做某事decidetodosth決定做某事hesitatetodosth猶豫做某事struggletodosth努力做某事aimtodosth打算做某事declinetodosth婉拒做某事longtodosth渴望做某事sweartodosth發(fā)誓做某事applytodosth申請做某事desiretodosth期望做某事learntodosth學(xué)習(xí)做某事threatentodosth揚言/恐嚇要做某事arrangetodosth安排做某事demandtodosth要求做某事meantotosth打算做某事undertaketodosth承諾做某事asktodosth要求做某事expecttodosth期待做某事offertodosth主動提出做某事votetodosth投票去做某事attempttodosth試圖做某事determinetodosth決定做某事managetodosth設(shè)法做到某事volunteertodosth自愿去某事begtodosth請求做某事feartodosth害怕做某事plantodosth計劃做某事waittodosth等待做某事caretodosth愿意做某事（口語）failtodosth未能做某事preparetodosth準(zhǔn)備做某事wanttodosth想要做某事choosetodosth選定做某事happentodosth碰巧做某事pretendtodosth假裝做某事wishtodosth希望做某事consenttodosth同意做某事helptodosth幫助做某事promisetodosth答應(yīng)做某事2、只接動名詞(不接不定式)直接作賓語的常用動詞admitdoingsth承認(rèn)做某事