考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷232

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷232

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Theaccommodationwascheap,butthefoodwasvery.

A、high

BNcostly

C、dear

D^overpaid

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題中間的bin一詞要求考生找出前一分句中cheap的反義詞。四個(gè)

選項(xiàng)中，可以首先排除A和D,因?yàn)锳項(xiàng)high的反義詞是low,D項(xiàng)overpaid的

反義詞是underpaidoB和C都能表示"昂貴”的意思,但C項(xiàng)dear常跟price,

shop,rale等搭配，所以B為正確答案。

2、Fortunatelytheactingandphotographyaresogoodthattheysomehowmanageto

thelimitationofthefilmplot.

A、trace

transcend

C、tranquilize

D、trail

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)trace意為“追查；仔細(xì)查找”;B項(xiàng)transcend意為“超越；超

出”；C項(xiàng)tranquilize意為“（用藥物）使人或動(dòng)物鎮(zhèn)靜，昏迷”；D項(xiàng)irail意為“追

蹤；跟蹤；（因疲倦、厭煩）慢吞吞地走在后面本句的意思是“幸運(yùn)的是，表演和

攝影非常出色，從某種程度上彌補(bǔ)了影片情節(jié)的不足?！彼哉_答案是B項(xiàng)c

3、Scientistsgenerallyholdthatlanguagehasbeensolonginusethatthelengthoftime

writingisknowntocoverisincomparison.

A^overwhelming

BNuninspiring

C>astounding

D^trifling

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題中，D項(xiàng)trifling“微不足道的”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)

overwhelming”壓倒性的”,uninspiring”不鼓舞人的”,astounding”令人驚駭?shù)摹岸疾?/p>

正確。

4、Typically,thesechildrenofDemocratsswitchedandjoinedtheRepublican

Partyduringthe1980s.

A^authenticity

B、arrogance

C、alliance

D、allegiance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

5、Hewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident,whichwasiofaultybrakes.

A、attributed

contributed

C、blamed

D、applied

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:attributed歸因于...。

6、Whenthechairmanvisitedthedistricthitbytheearthquake,heoftensignaledforthe

childrentocometohim.

A^denied

B、adored

C^beckoned

D^allowed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：signalfor發(fā)信號(hào)，打信號(hào)示意。beckon（用手或頭的動(dòng)作）示意，召

喚。deny否認(rèn)，拒絕。adore喜愛(ài)，愛(ài)慕。allow允許，承認(rèn)。

7、Theschemewaswhenitwasdiscovereditwouldbeverycostly.

A、resigned

B、surrendered

C、released

D、abandoned

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可表示“放棄resign側(cè)重于放棄資格、身份等；

surrender則為放棄某種特權(quán)；release指放棄某種權(quán)利、要求。abandon多指放棄財(cái)

產(chǎn)、信仰、計(jì)劃等。因?yàn)榉艞壍膶?duì)象為scheme（計(jì)劃，方案），所以選項(xiàng)為D。

8、Arapidportfolioturnoverratemayprecludelowlong-termcapitalgains.

A、prohibit

B>lag

C、prevent

D、reject

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：preclude阻止，防止，使不可能。prevent防止。prohibit禁止，嚴(yán)

禁。lag落后于。reject拒絕。

9、Processesinthehumanbodyarenotinallrespectsexactlytothose,thatcan

beproducedintheexperimentalanimals.

A、comparative

B、comparable

C^competitive

D、compatible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：comparable在這里的意思是“比得上的”,后跟parative比較

的，相當(dāng)?shù)?；competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；compatible合適的，協(xié)調(diào)的。這三個(gè)詞通常都不

足介詞tOo

10、Notuntilthe1980'sinBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoric

buildingsfromdestruction.

A、someconcernedcitizens

someconcerningcitizens

C^didsomeconcerningcitizens

D^didsomeconcernedcitizens

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一個(gè)典型的倒裝句型，且表示“關(guān)心的”應(yīng)該用concerned,

concerning的意思是“有關(guān)的"，所以選D。

11、Livinginpoverty,Johnsoldfbr500dollarstheofhismother'sfirstwork

whichmadeherfamous.

A、document

B、file

C、duplicate

D、manuscript

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：documen【文件，檔案，文獻(xiàn)；file文件，檔案，卷宗；duplicate復(fù)制

品,副本；manuscript手稿，原稿。

12、Theytriedtodrivetheirhorseintotheriver,buthesimplycouldnot.

A、budge

B、surge

C、trudge

D、dredge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

13、Thiscomputerisup-to-dateafewshortcomingshereandthere.

A^except

B、exceptfor

C、exceptthat

D、but

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“除……之外'’的意思，但是C項(xiàng)excepiihal后需跟

從句，因此可以將其排除。A項(xiàng)except和D項(xiàng)but通常指所排除的人或事物是整體

的一部分，或者與整體屬于一類。如There'snooneherebutme.和1canlakemy

holidayatanytimeexceptinAugust.B項(xiàng)exceptfor可以用來(lái)指所排除的人或事血不

是整體的一部分或者不與整體屬于一類，而是整體的一個(gè)例外。因此B項(xiàng)為正確

答案。

14、WalkingisBritain'smostpopularoutdoorandisthemostpleasantand

satisfyingwayofdiscoveringthecountryside.

A、pastime

B、recreation

C、entertainment

D、pursuit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、HenryDavidThoreauusedtoramblethroughthewoodsbeforehewrotehismost

famousbookWalden(1854).

A、roam

linger

C、wonder

D、browse

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ramble散步，閑逛。roam漫步，閑逛。linger逗留，留戀。wonder驚

訝，驚奇。browse瀏覽，吃草。

16^Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheir

full.

A、capacity

B、strength

C>length

D、possibility

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)“能力，智能”；B項(xiàng)“力量，力氣，強(qiáng)度，人數(shù)”；C項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)度”；

D項(xiàng)“可能性”。

17、Bethcouldhercoateasilybecauseithaslargeredbuttons.

A^justify

B、identify

C、prove

D、test

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)容易辨別她的外套。B項(xiàng)的identify”識(shí)別”符合題

意。其他三項(xiàng)justify，證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?；prove“證明"；test”測(cè)試，檢驗(yàn)”都不正

確。

18、Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk

aroundonetopic.

A、coherently

B、initiatively

C、flexibly

D、pointedly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

19、Ashiftfromnativebronzetoironartifactstookplaceundertheinfluenceofcultural

borrowings.

A、transition

transmission

C、transaction

D、transference

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題中，shift的意思是“變化，轉(zhuǎn)移”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，transition的意思

是“轉(zhuǎn)變，躍遷，過(guò)渡”，如：（hefrequenliransilionofwealher（天氣的變化無(wú)常）。

transmission的意思是“播送，發(fā)射”：transaction的意思是“交易，處理”；

transference的意思是“轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)送只有A符合題意。

20、Inordertohelpthestudentsgetabetterunderstandingofthenewconception,the

professoritwithmanyexamples.

A、enchanted

B、dissipated

C、eliminated

D、illustrated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（illustrate用例子說(shuō)明）。句意為:為了讓學(xué)生們更好地理解這個(gè)新概

念，教授用許多例證對(duì)它進(jìn)行闡釋。A.enchant使心醉；B.dissipate揮霍；

C.eliminate消滅。

21、Thepoliticiansayshewillthewelfareofthepeople.

A^preyon

B、takeon

C、getal

D、seeto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從句子上下文及四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)來(lái)推測(cè)，空格單詞的意義是“注意，關(guān)

懷”。seeto負(fù)責(zé)，注意，照顧；preyon捕食，殺害；takeon承擔(dān)，接受任務(wù)；get

at弄清楚，發(fā)現(xiàn)。句意：該政治家稱他會(huì)確保人民的福利。

22Sheissothatshecriedfordayswhenherpetrabbitdied.

A^sensitive

B、sensible

C、sensory

D、senseless

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：sensilive敏感的，一般修飾人；sensible可覺(jué)察的，明顯的，一般修

飾物；sensory意為“感覺(jué)的，傳遞感覺(jué)的”，與題意不符；senseless意為“無(wú)知覺(jué)

的，愚蠢的\句意：她如此的敏感以至于當(dāng)她的寵物兔子死了以后還哭了好幾

天。

23、Apartnerinabusinessisthepartnerofleastimportance.

A、minor

B、junior

C^major

D、senior

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：junior年少的.較年幼的：資歷較淺的.等級(jí)較低的：minor較少

的，極少的；次要的；major主要的；（極）大的；senior年長(zhǎng)的；資歷較深的，（級(jí)

別、權(quán)位等）較高的。句意：商業(yè)活動(dòng)中，資歷較淺的合作人是最不重要的合作

人。

24、Duringaperiodofprotractedillness,thesickcanbecomeinfirm,boththe

strengthtoworkandmanyofthespecificskillstheyoncepossessed.

A^regaining

B、denying

C、pursuing

D^losing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（lose失去）。句意為：身患痼疾，病人的身體就會(huì)虛弱，既喪失工作

能力又失去許多已有的特殊技能。A.regain恢復(fù)；C.deny否認(rèn)：D.pursue追

求。

25、Vostokisclosetothecoldestspotintheworld,whereanminus128.6°F

wasrecordedin1983.

A^unreliable

B、extra

C、incredible

D、impossible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：incredible表示“難以置信的，不可相信的"；unreliable意為“不可信賴

的，不可靠的“；extra表示“額外的"；impossible表示“不可能的”。句意：Vostok

與世界上最冷的地方相鄰。那里有記我的最低溫度是1983年記錄的令人難以置信

的華氏零下128.6度。

26>Themodernageisapermissiveoneinwhichthingscanbesaidexplicitly,butthe

oldtraditonofdieshard.

A^talkativeness

B、exaggeration

C、condemnation

D、euphemism

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（euphemism委婉說(shuō)法）。句意為：當(dāng)代是一個(gè)寬容的時(shí)代，事情可以

清楚地說(shuō)出來(lái)，但是委婉的老傳統(tǒng)很難消亡。A.lalkaliveness多嘴；

B.exaggeration夸張：C.condemnation譴責(zé)。

27、Andthetopic"fat"isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosing

thetrimandofyouth.

A、vague

vigor

C、vogue

vulgar

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的空格處應(yīng)為“青年人的整潔和活力vigor意為“精力，活

力”，符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“vague含糊的，不清楚的；vogue時(shí)髦，流行：vulgarW

俗的，普通的“都不正確。

28、Thepeoplefbrtheexperimentwerechosencompletely,

A、atlength

B、inessence

C、allaiidvin

D、inbulk

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C項(xiàng)“atrandom任意，隨機(jī)地”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“A項(xiàng)allenglh最

后，詳細(xì)地；B項(xiàng)inessence本質(zhì)上；D項(xiàng)inbulk散裝，大量”都不正確。本題意

為“參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的人員完全是被隨意地挑選出來(lái)的”。因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

29、EarlyexponentsofsciencefictionsuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellsexplored

withzestthefuturepossibilitiesopeneduptotheoptimisticimaginationbymodem

technology.

A、inspiration

B、enthusiasm

C、fantasy

D^endeavor

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：zest熱情，熱心：enthusiasm興趣，熱情：inspiration靈感，鼓舞人心

的人或事；fantasy幻想;endeavor努力。

30、humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesin

literature.

A、/,/,the

B、/,the,/

C、The,/,/

D、The,the,the

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題考查的是定冠詞ihe的用法?？蓴?shù)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的物主代詞

時(shí)不用定冠詞the；固定詞組中不用定冠詞the,如inlife。本題的句意是，“在生活

中不斷重復(fù)的人類問(wèn)題也不斷地出現(xiàn)在文學(xué)里所以正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

二、閱讀理解(本題共1”題，每題7.0分，共7"

分。)

Bythe1820sintheUnitedStates,whensteamboatswerecommononwesternwaters,

theseboatsweremostlypoweredbyenginesbuiltintheWest(Pittsburgh,Cincinnati,or

Louisville),andofadistinctivewesterndesignspeciallysuitedtowesternneeds.The

firststeamenginesinpracticaluseinEnglandandtheUnitedStateswereoflow-pressure

design.ThiswasthetypefirstdevelopedbyJamesWait,thenmanufactured'bythefirm

ofBoultonandWatt.Steamwasaccumulatedinalarge,double-actingverticalcylinder,

butthesteamreachedonlyafewpoundsofpressurepersquareinch.Itwaslow-pressure

enginesofthistypethatvzerefirstintroducedintotheUnitedStatesbyRobertFulton.He

importedsuchaBoultonandWattenginefromEnglandtoruntheClermont.Butthis

typeofenginewasexpensiveandcomplicated,requiringmanyprecision-fittedmoving

parts.Theenginethatbecamestandardonwesternsteamboatswasofadifferentand

noveldesign.ItwastheworkprimarilyofanunsungheroofAmericanindustrial

progress.OliverEvans(1755—1819)wastheself-educatedsonofaDelawarefanner.

Evansearlybecameobsessedbythepossibilitiesofmechanizedproductionandsteam

power.Asearlyas1802hewasusingastationarysteamengineofhigh-pressuredesign

inhismill.Enginesofthistypewerenotunknown,butbeforeEvanstheyweregenerally

consideredimpracticalanddangerous.Withinadecadethehigh-pressureengine,thenew

typehadbecomestandardonwesternwaters.Criticsignorantofwesternconditionsoften

attackeditaswastefulanddangerous.ButpeoplewhoreallyknewtheOhio,the

Missouri,andtheMississippiinsisted,withgoodreasons,thatitwastheonlyenginefor

them.Inshallowwesternriverstheweightofvesselandenginewasimportant;aheavy

engineaddedtotheproblemofnavigation.Thehigh-pressureenginewasfarlighterin

proportiontohorsepower,and,withlessthanhalfasmanymovingparts,wasmuch

easierandcheapertorepair.Themainadvantagesoflow-pressureenginesweresafe

operationandeconomyoffuelconsumption,neitherofwhichmeantmuchintheWest.

(354words)

31、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本篇講述的是OliverEvans如何把英國(guó)已有的蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)改造成一種

非常適合美國(guó)西部河流特色的蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

32、Inthe1820s,thesteamenginesusedinthewesternAmericawere.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段第三句說(shuō)，第一代輪船發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是低壓的，第二段開始敘說(shuō)

第二代蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。Evans根據(jù)西部河流的特點(diǎn)采用了高壓設(shè)計(jì)，所以到了19世

紀(jì)20年代，行駛在美國(guó)西部河流的蒸汽船都是高壓設(shè)計(jì)的。

33、WhichstatementofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第二段第四句，…nolunknown“不是不知道”。

34、Whatcanwelearnaboutthewesternriversfromthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段倒數(shù)第三句中有“shallow”一詞。

35、Whichofthefollowingpointswasmadebythecriticsofhigh-pressureengines?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第六句中的“wastefu『就是“費(fèi)油的”之意。

Forlaymenethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesforthe

veryreasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,

wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.

Ethnologyalsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysvery

scrupulousfieldobservationswithexperimentationsinlaboratories.Thefieldworkers

havehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralongtimetheywere

consideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watchcrs-ccrtainlynotscientists,since

theirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycouldnotconformtothe

hard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbetestedby

otherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults.Ofcoursemany

situationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotberehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.

Thefallflockingofwildfroebirdscan'tbe,orthehomingofanimalsoverlong

distances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships.Sincethesenevercanbe

reproducedinalaboratory,aretheythennotworthknowingabout?Theethnologistswho

choosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatlyrefiningthe

techniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectalltheanimalstobestudiedarelive-

trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenincolonprovide

permanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingoftheanimals'voicesby

electricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemostmeticulousnotesare

keptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,farfromthescene,latercan

verifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobserversoftengoouttogether,checkingeach

other'sobservationsrightthereinthefield.Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromthe

Greekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraitsorfeatureswhichdistinguishagroup-any

particulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.

Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying"thewholesequenceofactswhichconstitute

ananimal'sbehavior."Inabridgeddictionariesethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas

"theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,"andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishto

eliminatemyths.

36、Inthefirstsentence,theword"laymen'*,means.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：layman是門外漢的意思，這里是指牛?物學(xué)家以外的人。

37、Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章第一二段可知。

38^"Thefieldworkershavehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves."This

sentencemeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中第二段中“Foralongtimetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthan

amateuranimalwatchers,certainlynotscientists”說(shuō)明人種學(xué)家在贏得人們的承認(rèn)上

又過(guò)很大的障礙。

39、Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,

"hard-and-fast"meansexperimentprocedures.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中對(duì)其的解釋“aproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbe

testedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults”與

C”必須嚴(yán)格遵循，以免出現(xiàn)假的和不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)(不確切)的結(jié)果”相符。

40Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordsin"thedetailsofspontaneousfamily

relationships"canbeexpressedas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文中第二段后半部分討論的就是動(dòng)物的許多行為都是不可預(yù)知和控

制的，包括自發(fā)的親屬行為。

Onebusyday,Iwasracingaroundtryingtogettoomuchdone,and1exclaimedtomy

threekidsinthecar,"Wecangetboththingsdoneandkilltwobirdswithonestone!*'My

daughterAnniequietlysuggested,"Youmeanfeedtwobirdswithonecrumb,Mom,

don'tyou?"Istoppedshort,realizinghowsteepedmylanguageisinthecultureofwar.I

hadused"weapon"languagewithoutevenknowingit.Iwasembarrassedandyetfelta

grace:ifachildcanbecomeconsciousofusinganewlanguageofpeace,thenthereis

hope.Thinkaboutthebusinesslanguage:strategies,bullets,high-caliber,powerpoint;

aboutwin-losesportslanguagelike"decimate'*,"attack","destroytheotherteam",notto

mentionthemoviesandvideogamesthatsimulatethemostgruesomeannihilationsover

andover.Theliesofpropaganda,one-sidedmediacoverage,thealienationofothers

(thoseterrorists,theaxisofevil),allpartofthe"collectivepsychicnumbing"ofour

times.Thebiggestlieofallisthatnuclearweaponsarego,ngtoprotectus.Nuclear

weaponsarcanassaultonourlife,ourplanet,andontheCreatoroftheuniverse.Itseems

toafflictwhatourpeoplecouldbeasaresultofthemessseemingtoobigtohandlefor

theaverageperson,disconnectedanddisempowered.Whentheworldfoodprogramme

forchildrenequalsI/70thoftheannualworldmilitaryexpense,weseewhatacrisiswe

arein.YetitinspiredhopewiththelifeexamplesofMohandasGandhi,MartinLuther

King,NelsonMandela,MotherTeresa,OscarRomeroandothers.Eachspiritualleader

livedthemaxim,"nojustice,nopeace,"nonviolentlyinsistingonthetruth,speakingtruth

topowerwithoutharmingothersorstrippingtheirdignity.Imagineifwefocusedonthis

commonality,ratherthanwhatdividesus;imagineifreligionsandreligiousleaders

promulgatedaglobalcultureofpeaceandtolerance.Wedonothavetofeel

overwhelmed;thatU.N.structures,NGOdocuments,UNESCOdeclarations,peoples'

ideasforeducationexistalready,thattheinternetisarichsourceofcounterculture

information,connectednessandhope.Ofwhatuseisavoteormedicalcareinawar-torn

society?Acultureofwarislikeahouseofcards;thehousecanfallandgiverise,like

thephoenix,toanewcultureofpeace.Therearcthreefundamentalwaystobuilda

cultureofpeace:understand,participate,communicate.I'llbetourchildrencanthinkof

50more,goingoutandwagingpeace.

41sHowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthecurrentculture?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：讀完了整篇文章，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度在第1、2段有鮮明的表現(xiàn)。

我們能強(qiáng)烈地感受到作者對(duì)如今這種戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)文化的反感和氣憤。因此選項(xiàng)C“義憤填

膺的”為正確答案。

42、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章中只是提到電影和電子游戲中的暴力鏡頭，并沒(méi)有提真實(shí)生活中

的暴力，故排除A；文中說(shuō)最大的一個(gè)謊言就是核武器是用來(lái)保護(hù)我們的，故C

不對(duì)；軍費(fèi)開支巨大與存在軍備競(jìng)賽并不構(gòu)成直接的因果美系，D也不對(duì)。只有D

符合文意。

43、Bysaying"imagineifreligionsandreligiousleaderspromulgated...tolerance."

(Line5,Para.3)theauthormeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：結(jié)合上下文我們發(fā)現(xiàn)作者在第3段列舉了一些著名的人物，他們以非

暴力方式爭(zhēng)取自由和人權(quán)的事跡被人們歌頌。接下來(lái)作者感嘆“假如……會(huì)怎樣？''

可見(jiàn)作者在呼喚大家向那些人物學(xué)習(xí)。D是對(duì)原文的反向描述。因此正確答案是

Do

44、Thestatement"Acultureofwarislikeahouseofcards1*(Line10,lastparagraph)

impliesexcept.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：我們看它的上下文發(fā)現(xiàn)，它后面的一句話跟它聯(lián)系頗為緊密：它會(huì)倒

塌然后重生，就像鳳凰涅磐變成一個(gè)嶄新的和平的文明。由卡片搭成的房子肯定是

不安全、不可靠、可以被摧毀的；至于它是否會(huì)引起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，答案是肯定的，但不是

這句話所表達(dá)的意思。因此根據(jù)題目要求我們選擇C為正確答案。

45、Fromthepassagewelearnthattheauthoris.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：我們看完了整篇文章感受到的是作者對(duì)和平的呼喚、對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)文化的聲

討，因此可以確定她一定是愛(ài)好和平的人。至于她的職業(yè)和宗教信仰我們無(wú)法斷

定。因此選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocold

cash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetween

actionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkand

school.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudy;variousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthat

rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfrom

others.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthe

carefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,

suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoa

studyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology."Ifkidsknowthey're

workingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemost

creativity,"saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark,"Butit's

easytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperfoimanceorcreatingtoomuch

anticipationforrewards.1'Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwho

handsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,

Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajor

universitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,the

useofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsand

receiveperfbrmance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffort

andcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

46Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

47、Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRobert

Eisenberger?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

48、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheir

gradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

49、Thephrase"tokeneconomies"(LineI,Para.3)probablyrefersto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Asthetwentiethcenturybegan,theimportanceofformaleducationintheUnitedStates

increased.Thefrontierhadmostlydisappearedandby1910mostAmericanslivedin

townsandcities.Industrializationandthebureaucratizationofeconomiclifecombined

withanewemphasisuponcredentialsandexpertisetomakeschoolingincreasingly

importantforeconomicandsocialmobility.Increasingly,too,schoolswereviewedasthe

mostimportantmeansofintegratingimmigrantsintoAmericansociety.Thearrivalofa

greatwaveofsouthernandeasternEuropeanimmigrantsattheturnofthecentury

coincidedwithandcontributedtoanenormousexpansionofformalschooling.By1920

schoolingtoagefourteenorbeyondwascompulsoryinmoststates,andtheschoolyear

wasgreatlylengthened.Kindergartens,vacationschools,extracurricularactivities,and

vocationaleducationandcounselingextendedtheinfluenceofpublicschoolsoverthe

livesofstudents,manyofwhominthelargerindustrialcitieswerethechildrenof

immigrants.Classesforadultimmigrantsweresponsoredbypublicschools,

corporations,unions,churches,settlementhouses,andotheragencies.Reformersearlyin

thetwentiethcenturysuggestedthateducationprogramsshouldsuittheneedsofspecific

population.Immigrantwomenwereonesuchpopulation.Schoolstriedtoeducateyoung

womensotheycouldoccupyproductiveplacesintheurbanindustrialeconomy,andone

placemanyeducatorsconsideredappropriateforwomenwasthehome.

50、ItcanbeinferredfromparagraphIthatoneimportantfactorintheincreasing

importanceofeducationintheUnitedStateswas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

51、Thephrase"coincidedwith"inline8isclosestinmeaningto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

52、Accordingtothepassage,oneimportantchangeinUnitedStateseducationbythe

1920^wasthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

53、Vacationschoolsandextracurricularactivitiesarementionedinlines11?12to

illustrate.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

54、Accordingtothepassage,early-twentieth-cenluryeducationreformersbelievedthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Thestudyofsocialscienceismorethanthestudyoftheindividualsocialsciences.

Althoughitistruethattobeagoodsocialscientistyoumustknoweachofthose

components,youmustalsoknowhowtheyinterrelate.Byspecializingtooearly,many

socialscientistscanlosesightoftheinterrelationshipsthataresoessentialto

understandingmodernproblems.That'swhyitisnecessarytohaveacoursecoveringall

thesocialsciences.Infact,itwouldnotsurprisemeifonedayanewsstorysuchasthe

oneaboveshouldappear.Theprecedingpassageplacedyouinthefuture.Tounderstand

howandwhensocialsciencebrokeup,youmustgointothepast.Imagineforamoment

thatyou'reastudentin1062,intheItaliancityofBologna,siteofoneofthefirstmajor

universitiesinthewesternworld.Theuniversityhasnobuildings.Itconsistsmerelyofa

fewprofessorsandstudents.Thereisnotuitionfee.Attheendofaprofessor'slecture,if

youlikeit,youpay.Andifyoudon'tlikeit,theprofessorfindshimselfwithoutstudents

andwithoutmoney.Ifwegobackstillearlier,saytoGreeceinthesixthcenturyB.C.,

wecanseethephilosopherSocrateswalkingaroundthestreetsofAthens,arguingwith

hiscompanions.Heasks:hemquestions,andthenotherquestions,leadingthesepeople

toreasonthewayhewantsthemtoreason(thisbecameknownastheSocraticmethod).

Timeshavechangedsincethen;universitiessprangupthroughouttheworldandcreated

collegeswithintheuniversities.Oxford,oneofthefirstuniversities,nowhasthirty

collegesassociatedwithit,andthedevelopmentandformalizationofeducational

institutionshaschangedtherolesofbothstudentsandfaculty.Asknowledge

accumulated,itbecamemoreandmoredifficultforonepersontolearn,letaloneretainit

all.Inthesixteenthcenturyonecouldstillaspiretoknowalltherewastoknow,andthe

definitionoftheRenaissanceman(peoplewereevenmoresexistthenthantheyarenow)

wasofonewhowasexpectedtoknowabouteverything.Unfortunately,atleastfor

someonewhowantstoknoweverything,theamountofinformationcontinuestogrow

exponentiallywhilethesizeofthebrainhasgrownonlyslightly.Thewaytodealwith

theproblemisnottotrytoknoweverythingabouteverything.Todaywemustspecialize.

Thatiswhysocialscienceseparatedfromthenaturalsciencesandwhyit,inturn,has

beenbrokendownintovarioussubfields,suchasanthropologyandsociology.

55、Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1句即為題旨所在：“Thestudyofsocialscienceismorethanthe

studyoftheindividualsocialsciences.”

56、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：Socralicmelhod以蘇格拉底的名字命名，并且為他所第一個(gè)使用，他

是Socraticmethod無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的創(chuàng)始人。

57、Whydoestheauthorsay"peoplewereevenmoresexistthenthantheyarenow"?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這個(gè)答案可能有些出乎意料，但這是有據(jù)可依的。西方女權(quán)主義興起

之時(shí)，類似這種名詞都受到過(guò)挑戰(zhàn)。最為大家熟知的，就是Ms.這一稱謂的誕生。

且作者是在括號(hào)中說(shuō)到這句話，故可看出這句話與文意本無(wú)甚大關(guān)系。

58、Whatdoestheunderlinedword'Exponentially"meaninthefirstsentenceofthelast

paragraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：exponentially的本意是“指數(shù)地”。大家都知道“呈指數(shù)倍增長(zhǎng)”是極快

速的增長(zhǎng)，這里的exponentially也就是rapidly“快速地”意思。

59、Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：人的精力是有限的，隨著知識(shí)與信息的爆炸，社會(huì)科學(xué)的分科必然會(huì)

越來(lái)越細(xì),越來(lái)越專。A認(rèn)為“Socialsciencecannotbedividedintosubfields"，事實(shí)

恰恰相反。筆者個(gè)人認(rèn)為未來(lái)實(shí)在不可能出現(xiàn)RenaissanceMan了。知識(shí)爆炸的速

度遠(yuǎn)非人腦力可及。

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!Onaclearnightyoumightseethe

Moon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars.Youcanseeevenmorewitha

telescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethat

manystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightsecthatsomestarsthatlookwhiteare

reallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjects

inthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.Butscientistsbelieve

therearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththe

biggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey're

invisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.Youmightfindithardto

imaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupinthesky

burningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingold

orweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.Asastar'sgasesburnJhcy

giveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsoul,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashes

intoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasvery