《水處理技術(shù)（雙語）》課件-廢水處理單元

Wastewatertreatmentunits廢水處理單元概述Overview廢水處理Wastewatertreatment監(jiān)控、控制與優(yōu)化操作Monitoring,controlandoptimisationofoperations水和廢水處理廠的能源優(yōu)化Energyoptimisationforwaterandwastewatertreatmentplants概述Overview廢水處理Wastewatertreatment01本系統(tǒng)可用于展示廢水處理的過程原理Thissystemcanbeusedtodemonstratetheprocessprinciplesofwastewatertreatment02重點(diǎn)圍繞沉降、生物處理和污泥回流Focusedaroundsedimentation,biologicaltreatmentandsludgereturn圖為廢水處理的過程原理Thediagramshowstheprocessprincipleofwastewatertreatment概述Overview能源優(yōu)化Energyoptimisation圖為水和廢水處理有關(guān)過程Thepictureshowstheprocessesinvolvedinwaterandwastewatertreatment圖為曝氣生物濾池工藝技術(shù)Thepictureshowstheaeration

biofilterprocesstechnology

本系統(tǒng)展示了與水和廢水處理有關(guān)的過程和措施，特別是曝氣。Thissystemdemonstratestheprocessesandmeasuresassociatedwithwaterandwastewatertreatment,withaspecialfocusonaeration.概述Overview圖為某廢水處理廠Thepictureshowsawastewatertreatmentplant收集家庭、商業(yè)建筑物和工業(yè)設(shè)施所產(chǎn)生的廢水，并通過眾多的管道，即收集系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)輸至廢水處理廠。廢水處理廠去除廢水中的有機(jī)物、有害生物和污染物，然后排放到溪流、河流或湖泊中。Wastewaterfromhouseholds,commercialbuildingsandindustrialfacilitiesiscollectedandtransportedthroughnumerouspipes,knownascollectionsystems,toawastewatertreatmentplant.Wastewatertreatmentplantsremoveorganicmatter,harmfulorganismsandpollutantsfromthewastewaterbeforeitisdischargedintostreams,riversorlakes.圖為某廢水處理廠凈水過程Thepictureshowsthewaterpurificationprocessatawastewatertreatmentplant氮Nitrogen二氧化碳Carbondioxide概述Overview由于存在各種細(xì)菌和水藻等某些微生物，水體具有自我自凈的能力，可將分解廢水中的有機(jī)化合物，將其分解并轉(zhuǎn)變成二氧化碳、氮等可吸附部分無機(jī)物的簡單物質(zhì)。Duetothepresenceofcertainmicro-organismssuchasvariousbacteriaandalgae,waterbodieshavetheabilitytoself-purify,breakingdownorganiccompoundsinwastewater,breakingthemdownandconvertingthemintosimplesubstancessuchascarbondioxideandnitrogenthatcanadsorbsomeinorganicsubstances.如果微生物有足夠的時(shí)間來分解有機(jī)物并將其保持在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)，則水體的自我凈化過程可代替該過程。一旦排放量和濃度上升時(shí)，就必須對其進(jìn)行處理。Ifthemicro-organismshaveenoughtimetobreakdowntheorganicmatterandkeepitwithinacertainconcentrationrange,thewaterbody'sself-purificationprocesscanreplacethisprocess.Oncethedischargeandconcentrationhaveincreased,theymustbetreated.有機(jī)化合物Organiccompounds概述Overview在這種情況下，水中細(xì)菌滋生，從而導(dǎo)致氧氣需求量也隨之上升。Undertheseconditions,bacteriagrowinthewater,whichleadstoanincreaseinthedemandforoxygen.廢水處理可通過優(yōu)化細(xì)菌分解的條件從而加速分解。Wastewatertreatmentcanacceleratedecompositionby

optimisingtheconditionsforbacterialbreakdown.如果廢水處理廠在布局上兼顧高效和經(jīng)濟(jì)的特性，則需要根據(jù)流率、原廢水的組成和有機(jī)負(fù)荷，處理后水的最終用途、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性、安裝所需的廠區(qū)占地面積以及溫度和降雨量等氣候類型等因素，謹(jǐn)慎進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。Ifthewastewatertreatmentplantistobelaidoutwithabalanceofefficientandeconomiccharacteristics,itneedstobedesignedcarefully,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasflowrate,compositionandorganicloadingoftherawwastewater,theenduseofthetreatedwater,economicviability,theplantfootprintrequiredforinstallationandthetypeofclimatesuchastemperatureandrainfall.因此，廢水處理過程選擇以及廢水處理廠類型視具體情況而定。

Thechoiceofwastewatertreatmentprocessandthetypeofwastewatertreatmentplantthereforedependsontheindividualcase.圖為污水處理流程圖Thediagramshowstheflowofsewagetreatment廢水處理過程選擇處理后水的最終用途經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性安裝所需的廠區(qū)占地面積溫度降雨量有機(jī)負(fù)荷Organicload流率Flowrate原廢水的組成Compositionofrawwastewater廢水處理單元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作單元構(gòu)建了活性污泥法污水處理的物理功能。Theworkingunitbuildsthephysicalfunctionsofactivatedsludgewastewatertreatment.它包括一個(gè)曝氣池和一個(gè)二次沉淀池。Itconsistsofanaerationtankandasecondarysedimentationtank.塑料顆粒作為污染物，在空氣中風(fēng)干后可以重復(fù)使用。Theplasticpelletsarereusableaspollutantswhenair-dried.污泥回流管路有流量測量，通過可調(diào)節(jié)泵來設(shè)置和監(jiān)測污泥回流速度。Thesludgereturnlinehasflowmeasurementandthesludgereturnrateissetandmonitoredbyanadjustablepump.功能方面FunctionalityThediagramshowstheworkingprincipleoftheaerationtank圖為曝氣池工作原理Thediagramshowstheworkingprincipleofthesecondarysedimentationtank圖為二次沉淀池工作原理廢水處理單元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作單元的溶氧量由電控型氣動(dòng)隔膜泵提供。與可選配的氧氣探頭組合，能夠?qū)⒐┭跹b置擴(kuò)展成閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。Dissolvedoxygenfortheworkingunitissuppliedbyanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump.Incombinationwiththeoptionaloxygenprobe,itispossibletoextendtheoxygensupplyunitintoaclosed-loopcontrolsystem.圖為電控型氣動(dòng)隔膜泵Thepictureshowsanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump主要組件Maincomponents罐，3LTank,3L流量傳感器Flowsensor罐，10LTank,10L

溶解氧傳感器（可選附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)

曝氣Aeration再循環(huán)泵Recirculationpump溢流緣Overflowrim雙通電磁閥Two-waysolenoidvalve電容式接近傳感器CapacitiveproximitysensorI/O接口I/Ointerface浮球開關(guān)Floatswitches鋁支撐板Aluminiumsupportplate再循環(huán)泵Recirculationpump流量傳感器Flowsensor溶解氧傳感器（可選附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)罐，10LTank,10L罐，3LTank,10L廢水處理系統(tǒng)的管道與儀表示意圖Schematicdiagramofpipingandinstrumentationforwastewatertreatmentsystems圖為廢水處理系統(tǒng)的管道與儀表示意圖Thediagramshowsthepipingandinstrumentationofthewastewatertreatmentsystem生活廢水的處理過程Domesticwastewatertreatmentprocess0

1預(yù)處理Pre-processing0

2一級(jí)處理，也叫物理處理Primarytreatment,alsocalledphysicaltreatment.04三級(jí)處理，通常涉及加氯消毒。Tertiarytreatment,usuallyinvolvingchlorinationfordisinfection.0

3二級(jí)處理，也叫生物處理；Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment.預(yù)處理Pre-processing該步驟不影響廢水中溶解的有機(jī)物。Thisstepdoesnotaffectthedissolvedorganicmatterinthewastewater.其目標(biāo)是分離較粗的顆粒和沙物質(zhì)或易于分離的物質(zhì)，否則可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響廢水處理廠的整體處理以及機(jī)器、設(shè)備和設(shè)施的有效工作。Theobjectiveistoseparatecoarserparticlesandsandysubstancesoreasilyseparablesubstancesthatmightotherwiseseriouslyaffecttheoveralltreatmentofthewastewatertreatmentplantandtheefficientworkingofmachinery,equipmentandfacilities.渠首是指接收輸水系統(tǒng)中原廢水的初始接收區(qū)。濾網(wǎng)過濾出較大的物質(zhì)，沉渣池讓重砂和和巖石沉降下來，然后廢水被輸送到初級(jí)澄清池。Theheadofthedrainistheinitialreceivingareaforrawwastewaterfromthewatertransfersystem.Strainersfilteroutthelargermaterial,sedimentationtanksallowtheheavysandandandrocktosettle,andthewastewateristhenconveyedtotheprimaryclarifiers.此外，還有除去懸浮液中粗大顆粒的篩網(wǎng)，除去致密沙子的沉淀池以及除去脂肪、油、泡沫和其他比水輕的漂浮物質(zhì)的脫脂過程，以防止這些物質(zhì)可能會(huì)擾亂后續(xù)處理過程Inaddition,therearescreenstoremovecoarseparticlesfromthesuspension,settlingtankstoremovedensesandandadegreasingprocesstoremovefats,oils,foamsandotherfloatingsubstancesthatarelighterthanwatertopreventthemfrompotentiallydisturbingthesubsequenttreatmentprocess圖為污水預(yù)處理過程圖Diagramshowingthewastewaterpre-treatmentprocess快速攪拌機(jī)慢速攪拌機(jī)導(dǎo)流筒中心傳動(dòng)污泥濃縮刮泥機(jī)進(jìn)水Influent污泥螺桿泵污泥回流sludge排泥sludge出水enfluent一級(jí)處理Primarytreatment一級(jí)處理主要包括通過沉降作用或絮凝反應(yīng)去除懸浮的絮凝固體，中和酸性以及通過化學(xué)沉淀作用消除無機(jī)物。Primarytreatmentconsistsmainlyoftheremovalofsuspendedflocculatedsolidsbysedimentationorflocculationreactions,theneutralisationofacidityandtheeliminationofinorganicsubstancesbychemicalprecipitation.在某些情況下，混凝反應(yīng)也可為沉降過程提供支持。Insomecases,coagulationreactionscanalsosupportthesedimentationprocess.中心進(jìn)水周邊出水輻流式沉淀池示意圖二級(jí)處理Secondarytreatment二級(jí)處理也叫生物處理，處理可降低廢水中的有機(jī)物。Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment,treatstoreducetheorganicmatterinthewastewater.二級(jí)處理的設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)是上述自然發(fā)生的自我凈化的生物過程。它有助于防止水體受到自然產(chǎn)生的廢水的污染。在相應(yīng)的過程中，生活廢水中的可生物降解的有機(jī)物可為細(xì)菌群體提供營養(yǎng)物，同時(shí)在受控的條件為細(xì)菌提供氧氣。Secondarytreatmentisdesignedonthebasisofthenaturallyoccurring,self-purifyingbiologicalprocessesdescribedabove.Ithelpstopreventwaterbodiesfrombeingpollutedbynaturallyoccurringwastewater.Inthecorrespondingprocess,thebiodegradableorganicmatterinthedomesticwastewaterprovidesnutrientstothebacterialcommunity,whileoxygenisprovidedtothebacteriaundercontrolledconditions.生物處理是一種可加速自然氧化的過程，即由細(xì)菌分解可生物降解的有機(jī)物。因此，生物廢水處理避免了可導(dǎo)致水體缺氧的污染物進(jìn)入水體中。使用懸浮生物量進(jìn)行最常見的需氧廢水處理法的是曝氣塘和活性污泥槽（也叫曝氣池）。Biologicaltreatmentisaprocessthatacceleratesnaturaloxidation,i.e.thebreakdownofbiodegradableorganicmatterbybacteria.Biologicalwastewatertreatmentthereforeavoidstheintroductionofpollutantsintothewatercolumnthatcanleadtooxygendeprivationinthewatercolumn.Themostcommonaerobicwastewatertreatmentmethodsusingsuspendedbiomassareaerationpondsandactivatedsludgetanks(alsocalledaerationbasins).污泥回流內(nèi)回流進(jìn)水脫水車間污泥消化池濃縮池一級(jí)處理（物理處理）二級(jí)處理（生物處理）出水處置沼氣利用三級(jí)處理Tertiarytreatment三級(jí)處理是為了消除二級(jí)處理中殘留的有機(jī)負(fù)